• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2007

For low-emissivity application on window glass, coalescence of thin film silver islands is crucial for high transmittance in the visible and high reflectance in the infrared. It is well known that the underlayer affects the growth mode. In this work, the effect of the underlayer on the growth of silver films deposited by filtered cathodic vacuum arc is discussed. While a nominal 0.1 nm niobium underlayer has promoted the coalescence of silver islands, a 0.2 nm layer did not show these features. From a thermodynamic approach, Nb seeding less one monolayer is considered to reduce the surface energy between the silver atoms and $Nb/TiO_2$ surface, resulting the change of its growth from 3D islands to 2D-layer modes. If the seed layer exceeds one monolayer, however, a rougher surface is formed because the surface energy of Nb itself is superior to that of $Nb-TiO_2$. The onset of silver layer on the roughened Nb surface is required more silver.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 두 개의 비선형 박막으로 둘러싸인 평면 광도파로에서의 TE 비선형 도파광 특성에 대한 새로운 접근 방법을 제안한다. 비선형 박막에 대한 특성을 묘사하는 비선형 특성행렬을 이용하여 비선형 광도파로에 대한 비선형 분산 방정식을 해석적 형태로 유도한다. 분산 방정식을 기반으로 하는 전산시늉으로 도파광의 파워에 대한 모드 굴절율 변화, 전장의 세기가 최대인 위치, 그리고 파워 분포 등의 도파광의 비선형 특성을 계산한다. 자기-집속형 광도파로 구조에서 비선형 박막의 두께를 감소하면 파워-의존 비선형 모드 굴절율의 광학적 쌍안정 특성이 나타나며 광학적 쌍안정 특성을 위한 임계 파워는 증가한다. 그리고 비선형 광도파로 구조 내부의 파워분포 특성은 비선형 Fabry-Perot etalon의 동작 특성과 유사한 광학적 쌍안정 특성을 나타낸다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.729-739
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• 2006

This paper describes an active fault-tolerant control system for an induction motor drive that propels an Electrical Vehicle(EV) or a Hybrid one(HEV). The proposed system adaptively reorganizes itself in the event of sensor loss or sensor recovery to sustain the best control performance given the complement of remaining sensors. Moreover, the developed system takes into account the controller transition smoothness in terms of speed and torque transients. In this paper which is the sequel of (Diallo et al., 2004), we propose to introduce more advanced and intelligent control techniques to improve the global performance of the fault-tolerant drive for automotive applications(e.g. EVs or HEVs). In fact, two control techniques are chosen to illustrate the consistency of the proposed approach: sliding mode for encoder-based control; and fuzzy logics for sensorless control. Moreover, the system control reorganization is now managed by a fuzzy decision system to improve the transitions smoothness. Simulations tests, in terms of speed and torque responses, have been carried out on a 4-kW induction motor drive to evaluate the consistency and the performance of the proposed fault-tolerant control approach.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.382-393
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• 2006

Mechanical system dynamics plays an important role in the area of computational structural biology. Elastic network models (ENMs) for macromolecules (e.g., polymers, proteins, and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA) have been developed to understand the relationship between their structure and biological function. For example. a protein, which is basically a folded polypeptide chain, can be simply modeled as a mass-spring system from the mechanical viewpoint. Since the conformational flexibility of a protein is dominantly subject to its chemical bond interactions (e.g., covalent bonds, salt bridges, and hydrogen bonds), these constraints can be modeled as linear spring connections between spatially proximal representatives in a variety of coarse-grained ENMs. Coarse-graining approaches enable one to simulate harmonic and anharmonic motions of large macromolecules in a PC, while all-atom based molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been conventionally performed with an aid of supercomputer. A harmonic analysis of a macroscopic mechanical system, called normal mode analysis, has been adopted to analyze thermal fluctuations of a microscopic biological system around its equilibrium state. Furthermore, a structure-based system optimization, called elastic network interpolation, has been developed to predict nonlinear transition (or folding) pathways between two different functional states of a same macromolecule. The good agreement of simulation and experiment allows the employment of coarse-grained ENMs as a versatile tool for the study of macromolecular dynamics.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 모바일 3D 그래픽 가속기의 텍스쳐 데이터 메모리 지연시간을 감소하기 위해 사용하는 텍스쳐 캐쉬의 다양한 저전력 구조를 고찰하였다. 또한 텍스쳐 필터링 알고리즘에 따라서 가변적 전력 모드 전환 기준을 갖는 텍스쳐 캐쉬를 설계하였다. 각 텍스쳐 캐쉬 구조의 성능 비교 분석을 위하여 Quake 게임 엔진을 벤치마크로 사용한 트레이스 기반의 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 또한 저전력 텍스쳐 캐쉬 구조에 적합한 텍스쳐 필터링 알고리즘에 따라서 가변적 전력 모드 전환 기준을 갖는 알고리즘을 제안하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 검증하였다.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2008

The speed variation of SRM is fulfilled throughout a transition from chopping control to single pulse operation. (i,e., low speed to high speed operation). It is unsatisfied with performance at all operational regimes. In this paper, the operational performance of SRM can be improved by using current hysteresis control method. This method maintains a generally flat current waveform. At the high speed, the current chopping capability is lost due to the development of the back-EMF. Therefore SRM operates in single pulse mode. By using zero-current switching and zero-voltage switching technique, the stress of power switches can be reduce in chopping mode. When the commutation from one phase winding to another phase winding, the current can be zero as fast as possible in this period because several times negative voltage of DC-source voltage produce in phase winding. This paper is compared to performance based on conventional C-dump converter topology and the proposed resonant C-dump converter topology. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed circuit.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.326-333
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• 2010

In this study, DAQ and TRA modules were applied to the CFRP single specimen testing method using AE. A method for crack identification in CFRP specimens based on k-mean clustering and wavelet transform analysis are presented. Mode I on DCB under vertical loading and mode II on 3-points ENF testing under share loading have been carried out, thereafter k-mean method for clustering AE data and wavelet transition method per amplitude have been applied to investigate characteristics of interfacial fracture in CFRP composite. It was found that the fracture mechanism of Carbon/Epoxy Composite to estimate of different type of fractures such as matrix(epoxy resin) cracking, delamination and fiber breakage same as AE amplitude distribution using a AE frequency analysis. In conclusion, the presented results provide a foundation for using wavelet analysis as efficient crack detection tool. The advantage of using wavelet analysis is that local features in a displacement response signal can be identified with a desired resolution, provided that the response signal to be analyzed picks up the perturbations caused by the presence of the crack.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.18-31
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• 2005

This study was performed to explore the liquid breakup and atomization characteristics for the classification of drop formation mode and background of uniform droplets generation in electrohydrodynmaic atomization according to the change of experimental parameters such as nozzle material (stainless steel. teflon). fluid flow rate, applied electrical field and intensity, and frequency. In results, from the classification map of drop formation modes according to the variation of applied AC voltage and frequency at a stainless nozzle, the droplet size was smaller than the outer diameter of the nozzle tip relatively in the spindle mode. The transition points became clearly to be moved toward the high applied voltage by rising the applied AC frequency beyond 450Hz. Also the droplet radius can be observed quite small in the frequency bandwidth of $350{\sim}450Hz$. The droplet radiuses decrease as the applied voltage increases for a fixed applied AC frequency within the range from 50Hz to 400Hz Over 400Hz, the relation between the power intensity and the droplet size was not consistent with a continuous mechanism of liquid breakup. Thus, it is showed that the droplet size distribution using the teflon nozzle was analogous to the results of stainless steel, but the droplet size was bigger than that of stainless steel relatively in case of a teflon nozzle.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1283-1289
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• 2014

The state transition matrix are obtained by solving state equations in terms of Laplace inverse transformation and Cayley-Hamilton theorem, and an establishment of a precise discrete-iterative mapping of the voltage-fed buck-boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode is made. On the basis of the mapping, the converter bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponent diagrams with the input voltage, the resistance, the inductance and the capacitance as the bifurcation parameters are obtained, and the effect of the parameters on the system stability is deeply studied. The results obtained show that they have a great influence on the stability of the system, and the general trend is that the increase of either the voltage-fed coefficient, input voltage or the load resistance, or the decrease of the filtering inductance, capacitance will make the system stability become poorer, and that all the parameters have a critical value, and when they are greater or less than the values, the system will go through stable 1T orbits, stable 2T orbits, 4T orbits, 8T orbits and eventually approaches chaos.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.226-239
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• 2018

In this paper, design and control method ZVT Interleaved Bidirectional LDC(IB-LDC) for mild-hybrid electric vehicle is proposed. The IB-LDC is composed of interleaved buck and boost converters employing an auxiliary inductor and auxiliary capacitors to achieve zero-voltage-transition. Operating principle of IB-LDC according to operation mode is introduced and mathematically analyzed in buck and boost mode. Moreover, PFM and phase control are proposed to reduce circulating current for low power range. Passive components design such as main inductor, auxiliary inductor and capacitors is suggested, considering ZVT condition and maximizing efficiency. Furthermore, a 600W prototype of ZVT IB-LDC for MHEVs is built and tested to verify validity.