• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.236-244
• /
• 2024

Background and Purpose: Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the Telephone-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) has gained popularity as a remote cognitive screening tool. T-MoCA includes items from the original MoCA (MoCA-30), excluding those requiring visual stimuli, resulting in a maximum score of 22 points. This study aimed to assess whether the T-MoCA items (MoCA-22) demonstrate comparable discriminatory power to MoCA-30 and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in screening for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Methods: Participants included 233 cognitively normal (CN) individuals, 175 with MCI, and 166 with dementia. All completed the Korean-MoCA-30 (K-MoCA-30) and Korean-MMSE (K-MMSE), with the Korean-MoCA-22 (K-MoCA-22) scores derived from the K-MoCA-30 responses. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted. Results: K-MoCA-22 showed a strong correlation with K-MoCA-30 and a moderate correlation with K-MMSE. Scores decreased progressively from CN to MCI and dementia, with significant differences between groups, consistent with K-MoCA-30 and K-MMSE. The study also explored modified K-MoCA-22 index scores across 5 cognitive domains. ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for K-MoCA-22 was significantly smaller than that for K-MoCA-30 in distinguishing both MCI and dementia from CN. However, no significant difference in AUC was found between K-MoCA-22 and K-MMSE, indicating similar discriminatory power. Additionally, the discriminability of K-MoCA-22 varied by education level. Conclusions: These results indicate that K-MoCA-22, although slightly less effective than K-MoCA-30, still shows good to excellent discriminatory power and is comparable to K-MMSE in screening for MCI and dementia.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2023

Background and Purpose: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has been known as a screening test for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) better than Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). However, in previous domestic studies, no significant difference was found in the discriminability between MoCA and MMSE. Researchers have suggested that this might be because older Koreans are less educated than older Westerners. This study was conducted to examine the effect of education on the discriminability of MoCA compared to the MMSE. Methods: Participants were 123 cognitively normal elderly, 118 with vascular MCI, 108 with amnestic MCI, 121 with vascular dementia, and 113 with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. The Korean-MoCA (K-MoCA) and Korean-MMSE (K-MMSE) were administered. Multiple regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. Results: In all participants, education significantly affected both K-MoCA and K-MMSE scores along with age. The effect of education was re-examined by subgroup analysis after dividing subjects according to the level of education. Effect of education on K-MoCA and K-MMSE was only shown in the group with <9 years of education. ROC curve analyses revealed that the discriminability of K-MoCA to differentiate between vascular MCI and normal elderly was significantly higher than that of K-MMSE. When re-examining subgroups divided by education level, however, this higher discriminability of K-MoCA disappeared in the group with <9 years of education. Conclusions: These results indicate no difference in discriminating cognitive deficits between K-MoCA and K-MMSE in Korean elderly with <9 years of education.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.132-139
• /
• 2013

Objectives: The aims of this study were to know the prevalence of cognitive disorders in patients with thyroid cancer, and identify related variables to them. Methods: Subjects were consisted of fourty-two patients with thyroid cancer, who were admitted for radioiodine ablative therapy at 6-12 months after total thyroidectomy. The data were obtained from interviews about history and assessments of depression and cognitive function(Korean Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA-K). Results: 1) Among subjects, those with below 22 of total score of the MoCA-K were twenty-one(50.0%). 2) Upon age, education, Pre-radioiodine therapy thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), there were statistically significant difference between subgroup with above 23 of the total MoCA-K score and those below 22. 3) The total scores of the MoCA-K in subjects had significant correlation with age, education, comorbidity, Pre-radioiodine therapy TSH, total score of the HDRS-17. Conclusions: Cognitive disorders were more prevalent among patients with thyroid cancer before radioiodine therapy. Therefore, further study should be needed to clarify the mechanism for the cognitive disorders in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, physicians should pay attention to the cognitive function and prepare preventative measures for cognitive disorder during management of thyroid cancer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2021

Purpose : This study aimed to present normative data and cut-off points for older Korean adults completing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Korean (MoCA-K), which is used as a screening test for mild cognitive impairment in Korea. Methods : A total of 195 healthy adults ≥60 years were recruited. All participants completed the MoCA-K and the Korean - Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) to assess their cognitive function. Participants were divided into six groups based on their age: 60-64 years, 65~69 years, 70~74 years, 75~79 years, 80~84 years, and 85~89 years. Results : The results revealed that MoCA-K score decreased significantly with age (mean score ± standard deviation [SD]; 27.63±2.80 in subjects aged 60~64 years; 27.00±2.39 in subjects aged 65~69 years; 24.94±2.96 in subjects aged 70~74 years; 24.74±3.37 in subjects aged 75~79 years; 22.59±4.72 in subjects aged 80~84 years; and 18.83±5.38 in subjects aged 85~89 years; p<.001). Additionally, MoCA-K score also increased significantly with educational level (mean score±standard deviation [SD]; 19.95±4.78 in no formal education group; 24.95±2.22 in elementary school graduated group; 26.35±2.72 in middle school graduated group; 28.32±1.36 in high school graduated group; and 28.50±1.51 in more than college graduated group; p<.001). The optimal cut-off points were 24/25 for 60~69 years old group, 21/22 for 70~79 years old group, 17/18 for 80~84 years old group, and 13/14 for 85~89 years old group. The optimal cut-off points were 15/16 for individuals who were illiterate, 22/23 for individuals with 6 years of education, 22/24 for individuals with 9 years of education, and 26/27 for individuals with 12 or more years of education. Conclusions : This study presents normative data and cut-off points for the MoCA-K in older Korean adults. This data will facilitate more accurate detection and follow-up of the risk of mild cognitive impairment in this population, taking into consideration age and education. Future studies are required that should focus on the cut-off score on the level of education according to age.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.312-320
• /
• 2013

This study was to examine usefulness of MoCA-K by comparing the correlation between LOTCA-G, MMSE-K and MoCA-K, regarding detecting elderly people's mild cognitive function in local community. The experiments in which the three different evaluation methods were employed, of this study were conducted on 50 elderly people. While the score of MoCA-K and MMSE-K was $22.72{\pm}5.85$ out of 30 and $25.08{\pm}3.78$ out of 30 respectively, the result of LOTCA-G was $96.28{\pm}6.82$ out of 104. Observing each result of the three cognitive function assessment tools towards general characteristics showed no significant differences in gender. However, they were at considerable variance with age and education level of the example group. As all the three results of the assessment methods showed high correlation, it is reasonable to believe that MoCA-K is an appropriate evaluation tool to assess the cognitive function of old people.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation of cognitive function and fall-risk behavioral factors. Methods: The elderly over than 65 year-old with and without cognitive impairment were recruited in four different regional areas. Total 43 data of K-MoCA and FaB were collected. Pearson correlation of total scores of K-MoCA and FaB was analyzed using SPSS 22. Correlation between total score of K-MoCA and each item of FaB which describes the fall-risk behaviors was analyzed as well. Results: The cognitive function was statistically positive correlated with the fall-related behaviors in pearson correlation analysis (p<.01). Nine items of total 30 items of FaB was significantly correlated with total score of K-MoCA. Conclusion: Fall-risk behaviors were decreased as the cognitive level was improved. If the cognitive function was vulnerable, the insight to fall-risk behaviors deficits and various fall-related behavioral factors exits. The high fall-risk behaviors were correlated with cognitive function, so that the cognitive level should be considered in fall prevention intervention in Occupational Therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2013

Rare earth ions, either $Eu^{3+}$ or $Dy^{3+}$-doped $CaMoO_4$ phosphors were synthesized by using the solid-state reaction method. The crystalline structure of all the phosphor powders, irrespective of the type and concentration of activator ions, was found to be a tetragonal system with the main diffraction peak at (112) plane. For $Eu^{3+}$-doped $CaMoO_4$ phosphors, the grain particles showed an increasing tendency and the pebble-like patterns with a very homogeneous size distribution in the range of 0.01~0.10 mol of $Eu^{3+}$ ions concentration, and the excitation spectra were composed of a broad band centered at 311 nm and weak multiline peaked in the range of 360~470 nm. The dominant emission spectrum was the strong red emission centered at 618 nm due to the $^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_2$ transition of $Eu^{3+}$ ions. For $Dy^{3+}$-doped $CaMoO_4$ powders, excitation spectra showed a charge transfer band centered at 303 nm and relatively weak bands resulting from the transitions of $Dy^{3+}$ ions and the main yellow emission spectrum was observed at 578 nm, which was assigned to the $^4F_{9/2}{\rightarrow}^7H_{13/2}$ transition of $Dy^{3+}$ ions.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.279-283
• /
• 2019

Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture, a treatment that injects Hominis placenta extract into acupoints, has been suggested in the literature and researches that it could be used for cognitive decline. We experienced a case of mild neurocognitive disorder treated with Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture. Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture could be a possible treatment modality producing substantial clinical result in cognitive function which is assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS), Korean Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), and Korean-Dementia Rating Scale (K-DRS). A 84-year-old man with mild neurocognitive disorder received Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture on GV20, CV12, and bilateral ST36 for a month. The results of neuropsychological examination showed increase in scores after treatment of Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture. Before treatment, they were 15 points for MoCA-K, and 120 points for K-DRS (7.6%), but after treatment, they elevated by 21 points for MoCA-K and 137 points for K-DRS (100%). MMSE-DS score was 28 points, unchanged before and after treatment. It did not cause any side-effect. Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture could be a safe option for treating mild neurocognitive disorder.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Rapid technological advancements and information dissemination have catalyzed a steep upsurge in the distribution of ornamental flower arrangement products, effectively meeting the burgeoning demands of customers. This research endeavours to elucidate the relationship between market orientation (MO) and competitive advantage (CA), with the intermediary role of marketing performance (MP) within Denpasar's flower arrangement retail sector. Research Methods: Conducted within a Denpasar-based flower shop, the study engaged 94 respondents through a questionnaire-based data collection methodology. Utilizing a saturated sampling approach, the sample size equated to the population size. The analysis employed SmartPLS, a robust statistical tool. Results: The study findings reveal that MO does not exert a statistically significant direct impact on CA. Nevertheless, MO exhibits a substantively positive and statistically significant influence on MP, which, in turn, substantially and significantly contributes to CA. For flower arrangement business owners, it is imperative to orchestrate effective control over their marketing performance. Conclusion: This involves nurturing enduring customer and employee relationships by steadily implementing market-oriented distribution strategies. By doing so, customer satisfaction and growth, pivotal in bolstering marketing performance, can be adeptly sustained, ultimately culminating in attaining competitive advantage.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.616-624
• /
• 2011

Hydrogen storage and release of Fe/Zr/Mo mixed oxide mediums were investigated by hydrogen reduction and water splitting oxidation($Fe_3O_4+4H_2{\rightleftharpoons}3Fe+4H_2O$). As the results of TPR/O, Mo was an additive to enhance the reactivity of water splitting oxidation as well as the stability of the medium. On the other hand, it seemed that $ZrO_2$ additive provided the passway for the diffusion of gaseous chemicals on the medium in repeated redox cycles. Among the Fe/Zr/Mo mediums, a FeZrMo-7 medium (Fe/Zr/Mo=80/13/7mol%) exhibited the best performance with good durability during five repeated redox cycles. The amount of hydrogen evolved on the medium was maintained at ca. 10.7mmol-$H_2$/g-medium corresponding to the hydrogen storage amount of ca. 2.2wt%.