• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1033-1039
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• 1995

The current experiment has quantitatively investigated the effect of the content of CaO and SiO2 on the microstructure, density, electrical resistivity, power loss and initial permeability of manganese zinc ferrites. The density increased initially with CaO and SiO2 content and the further addition showed an adverse effect. The excess addition of CaO and SiO2 developed a discontinuous grain growth with numerous pores inside grains and lowered the electrical resistivity. The initial permeability decreased with increasing the content of SiO2. The samples with relatively low power loss showed that half of the total loss at 10$0^{\circ}C$, 100 kHz and 2000 Gauss was due to the eddy current loss.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.2263-2273
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• 2000

Catalytic wet air oxidation of acetic acid over Mn-Ce based catalysts deposited on various supports ($SiO_2$, $TiO_2$, $ZrO_2$), $ZrSiO_4$, $ZrO_2(10wt%)/TiO_2$) have been carried out in high pressure microreactors. Also, promotional effects by small addition(O.5~1.0 wt%) of p-type semiconductors (CoO, $Ag_2O$, SnO) have been investigated. From the screening tests for initial activity ranking, both Mn(2.8)-Ce(7.2 wt%) and Ru(O.4)Mn(2.7)-Ce(6.9 wt%) supported on $TiO_2$ were selected as the promising reference candidates. In $Mn-Ce/TiO_2$ reference catalyst, addition of small amount of each p-type semiconductor (Co, Sn and Ag) resulted in activity promotional effect and the degree of the increase was in the following order: Co> Ag > Sn. Especially, $Mn-Ce/TiO_2$ promoted with 0.5 wt% Co gave the 2.6 folds activity increase compared to the reference case attributing to the surface area increase as well as synergy effect. In $Ru-Mn-Ce/TiO_2$ reference catalyst, only Co(1.0 wt%) promoted case showed a little reaction rate increase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.169-170
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 초음파 센서에 응용 가능한 $0.4Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-0.6Pb(Zr_xTi_{1-x})O_3+0.5Wt%$ $MnO_2$ 세라믹스에 Zr/(Ti+Zr)비를 0.37에서 0.41로 변화시킨 조성을 1175 $\sim$ 1200$^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 소결하여 이의 결정구조 및 미세조직을 분석하였고, 압전, 유전 특성을 고찰하였다. 본조성에서 x=0.385 조성에서 최대 유전상수 값 3490 이 나타났으며, 그 이상의 첨가에서는 감소하였다. 상경계 영역인 x=0.385 조성에서 $\varepsilon$r, $K_p$, $d_{33}$ 값이 최대값을 나타내었다. $0.4Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-0.6Pb(Zr_xTi_{1-x})O_3+0.5Wt%$ $MnO_2$, 세라믹스에서는 kp 와 $d_{33}$ 는 Zr/(Ti+Zr)비 0.385조성까지 증가하였다가 그 이상 조성에서 감소하였다. $1175^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 소결한 x=0.385조성에서 $\varepsilon$r=3490, kp=0.71, Qm=476의 우수한 압전 특성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2017

Using a precursor of $LiNi_{0.6}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.2}O_2$ as a starting material, a surface-modified cathode material was obtained by coating with KCl, where the added KCl reduces residual Li compounds such as $Li_2CO_3$ and LiOH, on the surface. The resulting electrochemical properties were investigated. The amounts of $Li_2CO_3$ and LiOH decreased from 8,464 ppm to 1,639 ppm and from 8,088 ppm to 6,287 ppm, respectively, with 1 wt% KCl added $LiNi_{0.6}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.2}O_2$ that had been calcined at $800^{\circ}C$. X-ray diffraction results revealed that 1 wt% of KCl added $LiNi_{0.6}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.2}O_2$ did not affect the parent structure but enhanced the development of hexagonal crystallites. Additionally, the charge transfer resistance ($R_{ct}$) decreased dramatically from $225{\Omega}$ to $99{\Omega}$, and the discharge capacity increased to 182.73mAh/g. Using atomic force microscopy, we observed that the surface area decreased by half because of the exothermic heat released by the Li residues. The reduced surface area protects the cathode material from reacting with the electrolyte and hinders the development of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the surface of the oxide particles. Finally, we found that the introduction of KCl into $LiNi_{0.6}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.2}O_2$ is a very effective method of enhancing the electrochemical properties of this active material by reducing the residual Li. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate this phenomenon.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.264-271
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• 2007

The inorganic pigments of $Fe_2O_3-CoO-Cr_2O_3-MnO_2$ were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. $FeCl_3,\;CoCl_2,\;CrCl_3\;and\;MnCl_2$ are used for the starting raw materials, and 2 N-KOH for precipitator. $MnCl_2$ is secured with 10 mole%, and 6 composition ratios are used with three ingredients to synthesize the pigments. The samples were calcined at $1350^{\circ}C/1.5h$. The resulting pigments were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and UV spectrophotometer. 6wt% pigments were applied to lime glaze and lime-barium glaze respectively firing at $1260^{\circ}C$ for oxidation atmosphere and $1240^{\circ}C$ for reduction one. The results of color analysis by using UV spectrophotometer showed black, bluish black and dark grayish green.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1056-1060
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• 2004

In this study, 0.96B $i_{0.5}$($Na_{0.84}$ $K_{0.16}$)$_{0.5}$Ti $O_3$ + 0.04SrTi $O_3$ + 0.3 wt% N $b_2$ $O_{5}$+0.2 wt% L $a_2$ $O_3$ + xwt % Mn $O_2$ were investigated as a function of the amount of Mn $O_2$ addition in order to improve dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. With increasing the amount of Mn $O_2$ addition, the density, electromechanical coupling factor( $k_{p}$), piezoelectric constant( $d_{33}$, $g_{33}$) and curie temperature (Tc) showed the maximum value of 5.7 g/㎤, 38 %, 219 pC/N, 26 mVㆍm/N and 32$0^{\circ}C$ at 0.1 wt% Mn $O_2$ addition, respectively, and mechanical quality factor( $Q_{m}$ ) showed the maximum value of 158 at 0.3 wt% Mn $O_2$ addition.ddition.ion.n.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 1990

본 논문은 저손실 Mn-Zn-Fe 페라이트 제조에 관하여 연구한 것이다. Mn-Zn-Fe 페라이트는 16mol% Xno, 31mol% MnO 및 53mol% Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$로 조성하였으며 0.1wt% $Na_{2}$SiO$_{3}$ 0.05wt% $Na_{2}$SiO$_{3}$ 0.1%wt% CaO 0.05% SiO$_{2}$ 및 0.05wt% SiO$_{2}$ 및 0.05wt% $Na_{2}$SiO$_{3}$ 0.1% CaO 0.05wt% $Al_{2}$O$_{3}$를 미량 첨가하였다. 그리고 하소와 분쇄과정을 거친 분말은 충진성을 높이기 위하여 과립화하였다. 소결 1250, 1300 및 1350.deg.C에서 이루어졌고, 평형 산소분압은 소오킹 시 PO$_{2}$는 6%부터 시작하여 점차 감소시켰으며 900.deg.C에서 순수한 질소 분위기로 냉각시켰다. 초투자율, 손실계수 및 고유저항 등의 자기적인 특성은 1300.deg.C에서 소결했을 경우의 것이 가장 우수하였다. 즉, 초투자율은 2*$10^{3}$~$10^{3}$의 높은 값을 얻을 수 있었으며 tan.delta./.mu.i값은 100KHz~ 400KHz의 고파수대에서 9*10$_{-6}$~21*10$_{-6}$이었으며 고유저항 값은 485~680 .OMEGA.-cm의 높은 값을 나타내어 중간주파수대의 자심재료에 적합한 페라이트임을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.99-102
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• 2003

The electronic structure of ${\beta}-MnO_2$ having impurities in the site of Mn was theoretically investigated by $DV-X_{\alpha}$ (the discrete variation $X{\alpha}$) method, which is a sort of the first principle molecular orbital method using Hatre-Fock-Slater approximation. The used cluster model was $[Mn_{14}MO_{56}]^{-52}$ (M = transient metals). Madelung potential and spin polarization were considered for more exact calculations. As results of calculations, the energy levels of all electron included in the model were obtained. The energy band gap and positions of impurity levies were discussed in association with impurity 34 orbital that seriously affect electrical properties of $MnO_2$. It was shown that the energy band gap decreased with the increase of the atomic number of transient metal impurity.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1108-1114
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• 1999

Microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-doped (0-5 mol%) 0.05 Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3-0.95 PZT ceramics were investigated. Sintering temperature was decreased to 100$0^{\circ}C$ due to eutetic reaction between PbO and ZnO. Grain-size increased up to adding 1mol% ZnO and then decreased. Compositions of grain and grain-boundary were investigated by WDS. Lattice parameter was decreased with ZnO addition. Density increased with ZnO addition and reached to the maximum of 7.84(g/cm2) at 2 mol% ZnO. The effect of ZnO on electrical properties of PMS-PZT was investigated. At 3mol% ZnO addition electromechanical coupling factor(kp) was about 50% and relative dielectric constant($\varepsilon$33/$\varepsilon$0) was 997 Mechanical quality factor(Qm) decreased with ZnO addition. Lattice parameters and tetragonality(c/a) were measured to investigate relationship between the electric properties and substitution of Zn2+. At 3 mol% ZnO tetragonality was maximiged at c/a=1.0035 Curie temperature (Tc) decreased slightly with ZnO addition.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.573-581
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• 1993

0.10Pb(Sb$_{1}$2/Sn$_{1}$2/)O$_{3}$-0.25PbTiO$_{3}$-0.65PbZrO$_{3}$ 세라믹을 소결온도 및 시간을 각각 1200-1250[.deg.C]에서 2, 4, 6시간으로 변화시켜 제작하였으며 시편의 소결조건 및 MnO$_{2}$(0~0.30mol%)첨가량에 따른 잡음특성을 관찰하였다. 초전계수 및 전압감도는 1250[.deg.C]에서 2시간 소결시킨 시편에서 각각 3.49x$10^{-8}$[C/$cm^{2}$K], 147[V/W]의 최대값을 나타내었다. 초전형 적외선 검출기의 잡음특성에 있어 증폭기의 전류잡음 .DELTA.V$_{i}$가 총 잡음전압에 대해 지배적인 경향을 나타내었으며 MnO$_{2}$가 0.24[mol%] 첨가된 1250[.deg.C]에서 2시간 소결시킨 시편에서 가장 양호한 pop-corn잡음특성을 나타내었다.다.