• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2007

Hexane extract of Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) exhibits a toxic effect on the tissues of Spodoptera litura (F) while fed at the dose of 1000 and 2000 ppm thoroughly mixing with castor leaves (Ricinus communis L) after dissolving in DMSO at late fourth instar whereas only DMSO treated castor leaves were fed to control group. The larvae were put to rear at $28^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $76{\pm}4%$ R.H. under 12 L + 12 D photoperiodic regime. In test group insects substantial reduction of protein and DNA content was marked in fat body and midgut tissues compared to DMSO treated control group. The significant biochemical alterations in the midgut tissues and fat body of test group insects indicate the insecticidal property of the said plant extract that could be tested in facilitating the phenomenal stride in Integrated Pest Management.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.195-205
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• 1988

Distribution of organic materials In the surface sediments was investigated in September 1983 in Chinhae Bay System. Bottom waters containing less than 1ml/l of dissolved oxygen were found in Masan Bay, and in part of Kohyonsong Bay and Wonmunpo Bay. Organic carbon content in the surface sediments of Masan Bay was about 25mg/g and it decreased with increasing distance from the inner Masan Bay. Mean organic carbon contents in Wonmunpo Bay and Kohyonsong Bay were 25.48 and 31.39mg/g, respectively, which are higher values than those in Masan Bay where large amount of domestic and industrial wastewaters art discharged into the surface water and extensive phytoplankton occurs almost year round. Mean organic nitrogen and pheophyton contents were also the highest in Kohyonsong Bay amont eight subareas. In Masan Bay, settling of organic materials on the surface sediments seemed to be not significant because of active tidal mixing and relatively small size of particulate materials. In Kohyonsong Bay and Wonmunpo Bay large fecal pellets produced in shellfish farms could be easily settled down on the sediment because of weak current regime. DO content in the bottom waters were low in the organic material rich areas, and that suggests biodegradation of organic materials in the surface sediments could be an important oxygen consuming process during the study period of September 1983.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.440-452
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• 2007

The low feed intake immediately after weaning is responsible for villous atrophy and reduced growth rate in newly-weaned pigs. Overcoming this drawback will produce beneficial results for swine producers, and this warrants an understanding of the factors affecting the feed intake in newly-weaned pigs. In fact, a plethora of factors exert influences on feed intake in newly-weaned pigs, and these factors encompass health status, creep feeding, weaning age, mixing of litters, environment, dietary nutrient level and balance, palatability of ingredients, forms of diet presentation, water supply and quality, and stockmanship. Due to the complexity of the factors that affect the feed intake of weaned pigs, a comprehensive approach should be adopted to overcome the low feed intake problem right after weaning. It warrants mention that it is almost impossible to completely restore the feed intake just after weaning to pre-weaning level in terms of energy intake through dietary means which are available for being practiced economically and/or technically in current swine production. However, a refined dietary regime will certainly alleviate the low feed intake problem in the immediate postweaning period.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1994년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1268-1270
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• 1994

Fine lithographic technology in a submicron design regime is necessary for the fabrication of VLSI circuits. In such lithography, fine pattern delineation is performed by electron beam, ion beam and X-ray lithography instead of photolithography. Therefore, the new resist materials and development method have been required. So, we are investigating another positive E-beam resists which have high sensitivity and dry etching resistance, Plasma co-polymerized resist was prepared using an interelectrode gas-flow-type reacter. Methymethacrylate, tetramethyltin and styrene were chosen as the monomer to be used. The delineated pattern in the resist was developed with gas-flow-type reactor using an argon and 02 as etching gas. We studied about the effects of discharge power and mixing rate of the co-polymerized thin :film. The molecular structure of thin film was investigated by ESCA and IR, and then was discussed in relation to its quality as a resist.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2010

The CREAMS (Circulation Research of the East Asian Marginal Sea) survey in 1999 revealed a sharp mid-depth discontinuity of the phosphate:silicate ratio in all basins of the East/Japan Sea. Incidentally, this discontinuity layer corresponds to the oxygen minimum layer. Directly below the discontinuity layer, oxygen concentration is increased. This increase in oxygen concentration is interpreted as a proof of intermediate water formation. Oxygen minimum indicates that the water parcel is old and stable against mixing. So it seems be an efficient barrier to vertical exchange of materials. This means that, once materials enter the lower domain, they rarely return to the upper domain. Therefore, the biogeochemistry of the East/Japan Sea depends heavily on material input through the Korea Strait, and flux is expected to be sensitive to the climate change. As a result, the East/Japan Sea ecosystem seems vulnerable to tipping (regime shift), which occurred on a decadal time scale.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2019

이온 선택성 표면이 가지는 파상구조와 전기와류 불안정성 간의 전기동역학적 상호작용을 수치해석을 통하여 연구하였다. 유한요소법을 이용하여 전기장-이온 이동현상-유동장을 완전결합 해석을 하였다. 이를 통해 파상구조가 제공하는 전기와류 생성 기작인 Dukhin's mode의 유효성 및 역할을 제시하였다. Runinstein's mode와 경쟁관계에 놓이는 Dukhin's mode는 (i) 과한계 영역으로의 전이 전압을 낮춰주고 (ii) 혼돈계인 과한계 영역에서 전류를 비선형적으로 증가시켜준다. 또한, (iii) 전기와류 불안정성에서 발생하는 비효율적 혼합의 원인인 고주파수 Fourier 성분을 배제하여 전기와류의 혼합 효율을 상승시켜 준다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 제시한 기작은 전기투석, 화학전지 등의 이온 선택성 이동현상 시스템에 대한 에너지 효율적인 기작으로 활용 가능할 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2018

기성 유동상 반응기(AFBR)의 수리학적 특성을 고찰하기 위해 "무담체 모드"와 "담체 충진 모드"의 두 가지 모드에서 추적자 실험을 수행하였다. 각 모드에서 동일한 실험조건으로 실험을 수행하여 수리학적 수치들이 유도되었고 실제 반응기의 수리학적 특성파악에 필요한 데이터를 얻어 해석하였다. 두 가지모드에서의 수리학적 해석을 위해 담체는 비 반응성이고 분산계수가 상수라는 가정으로 비 반응성 추적자의 일차원-비 정상상태 농도분포의 분산모델을 사용하였다. 실험결과 담체는 반응기 내부에서의 혼합효과를 크게 증가시켰다. 담체를 충진하지 않은 경우 충진한 경우에 비해 분산계수는 최소 1자리 수 이상 작게 나타났다. 담체가 없는 경우 실험영역(Pe⦤0.83cm/s)에서 이류흐름이 지배적 흐름이었고 반응기의 흐름형태는 마개흐름형 반응기(PFR)에 근접하였다. 이 때 분산계수는 0.83cm/s까지 겉보기유속에 비례적으로 증가하였다. 그러나 담체가 충진된 경우, 흐름형태는 마개흐름형 반응기 (PFR)과 완전혼합형 반응기(CMFR)사이에 있음을 나타내었으며 분산계수는 겉보기유속이 0.41cm/s에서 거의 최대치에 도달한 후 0.82cm/s까지 유사한 수치를 나타내었다. 본 실험조건에서 분산계수는 액체 레이놀즈수(Re) 또는 입자 레이놀즈수(Rep)에 비례하였다.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1995

지하수에 대한삼중수소농도의 측정치가 발표된 충청남도 청양, 제주도 지역 및 미국 조지아지역에 대해 평균체제시간을 계산하는 지하수연령측정 모델인 PFM, CMM, DBM과 평균체제시간과 분산매개변수를 동시에 계산하는 DNM, DM( $C_{FF}$ )모델을 적용하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 입력자료인 강우의 삼중수소 농도의 부족한 측정자료를 보완하기 위하여 한국의 포항, 카나다의 오타와지역의 강수자료를 이용하여 입력함수를 작성하였다. 내재적으로 적은 분산을 가정하는 PFM과 DBM모델에 의한 결과는 유사하게 계산되었으며, 동일한 지역에서도 특이하게 높은 농도를 보이는 지점은 CMM에 의한 계산이 되지 않았다. 평균체제시간과 분산매개변수가 동시에 계산된 DNM과 DM( $C_{FF}$ )모델의 결과는 PFM, CMM, DBM의 결과를 이용하여 매개변수값을 한정시켰다. 동일지역에서도 삼중수소농도의 변화가 큰 경우는 각 지점마다 특징적인 지하수유동특성을 보이는 것으로 판단되어, 전 지 역에 걸쳐 동일한 모델을 일률적으로 적용하는 것은 바람직하지 않은 것으로 사료된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2008

A two-dimensional (2D) reservoir hydrodynamics and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, is employed to simulate the hydrothermal behavior and density current regime in Andong Reservoir. Observed data used for model forcing and calibration includes: surface water level, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and suspended solids concentration. The model was calibrated to the year of 2003 and verified with continuous run from 2000 till 2004. Without major adjustments, the model accurately simulated surface water levels including the events of large storm. Deep-water reservoirs, like Andong Reservoir, located in the Asian Monsoon region begin to stratify in summer and overturn in fall. This mixing pattern as well as the descending thermocline, onset and duration of stratification and timing of turnover phenomenon were well reproduced by the Andong Model. The temperature field and distinct thermocline are simulated to within $2^{\circ}C$ of observed data. The model performed well in simulating not only the dissolved oxygen profiles but also the metalimnetic dissolved minima phenomenon, a common1y occurring phenomenon in deep reservoirs of temperate regions. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of model calibration for surface water elevation, temperature and dissolved oxygen were 0.0095 m, $1.82^{\circ}C$, and $1.13\;mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The turbid storm runoff, during the summer monsoon, formed an intermediate layer of about 15 m thickness, moved along the metalimnion until being finally discharged from the dam. This mode of transport of density current, a common characteristic of various other large reservoirs in the Asian summer monsoon region, was well tracked by the model.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.445-460
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to construct and assess the applicability of the EFDC model for Saemangeum Reservoir as a 3D hydrodynamic and water quality modeling tool that is necessary for the effective management of water quality and establishment of conservation measures. The model grids for both reservoir system only and reservoir-ocean system were created using the most recent survey data to compare the effects of different downstream boundary conditions. The model was applied for the simulations of temperature, salinity, water quality variables including chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), phosphorus and nitrogen species and algal biomass, and validated using the field data obtained in 2008. Although the model reasonably represented the temporal and spatial variations of the state variables in the reservoir with limited boundary forcing data, the salinity level was underestimated in the middle and upstream of the reservoir when the flow data were used at downstream boundaries; Sinsi and Garyuk Gates. In turn, the error caused to increase the bias of water quality simulations, and inaccurate simulation of density flow regime of river inflow during flood events. It is likely because of the loss of momentum of sea water intrusion at downstream boundaries. In contrast to flow boundary conditions, the mixing between sea water and freshwater was well reproduced when open water boundary condition was applied. Thus, it is required to improve the downstream boundary conditions that can accommodate the real operations of the sluice gates.