• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2015

More and more, spaces are decreasing which satisfy multiple requirements for wind power plants. However, areas which have excellent wind resources and are free to civil complaints occupy a large space, although they are exposed to the cryogenic environment. This study conducted a thermal-fluid analysis of a cryogenic chamber for testing large wind turbine parts exposed to the cryogenic environment. The position of supply air is placed to the upper area to compare each cooling performance for each location of various outlets in mixing ventilated conditions. The study carried out CFD analysis for the chamber both with and without a test object. For the cases without the test object, the air temperature of the upper supply and down extract type chamber was cooled faster by 5-100% than the others. However, for the cases with the test object, the object temperature of upper supply and center extract on the opposite side type chamber was cooled faster by 33-132% than the others. The cooling performance by the air inside the chamber and the test object did not show the same pattern, which implicates the need to consider the cooling performance by not only the air but also the test object in the large cryogenic chamber design for testing large parts.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.99.1-99.1
• /
• 2011

Reactant mixing has a critical role in ensuring reformate quality and an important design objective is to achieve sufficiently complete mixture of reactants. For that purpose it is required to understand the coupled transport-kinetics phenomena in the mixing region. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was developed and validated in previous works. The mixing characteristics in various alternatives of a prototype mixing chamber were compared, and then a reduced reaction kinetics was applied to two extreme designs for investigating the impact of gas-phase reactions. Both designs did not reach threshold ethylene mole fraction of 0.001, but surprisingly more ethylene was generated in the design having better mixing characteristics. The presentation will deliver the development process of coupled transport and kinetics model briefly and the detailed information about the mixing characteristics and gas-phase reactions in two mixer designs.

• Design & Manufacturing
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2016

Injection molded thermoplastic parts may need to be coated to facilitate paint adhesion, or to satisfy other surface property requirements, such as appearance, durability, and weather resistance. In this paper, a two-component polyurethane metering system was developed for the simultaneous injection and surface coating of a plastic substrate. The system was composed of storage tanks, feed pumps, axial piston pumps, mixing head. The tank was designed to be double-jacket structured and fabricated for polyol and isocyanate, respectively. A temperature chamber was used to maintain the material temperature to be $80^{\circ}C$ during flowing from storage tank to mixing head. Inside the chamber, feed pump, low pressure filter, high pressure pump, high pressure filter, pressure sensor, flow meter were installed. A mixing head of L-type was used for homogeneous mixing of polyol and isocyanate. Inside the mixing head, a cartridge heater and a temperature sensor were installed to control the temperature of the materials. The flow rate of axial-piston pump was controlled by using closed-loop feedback control algorithm. The input flow-rates were compared with the measured values. The output error was 6.7% for open-loop control, whereas the error was below 2.2% for closed-loop control. In addition, the pressure generated through mixing-head nozzle increased with increasing flow rate. It was found that the pressure drop between metering pump and mixing-head nozzle was almost 10 bar.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.1821-1832
• /
• 2005

This study realizes the conceptual method to predict combustion instability in actual full-scale combustion chamber of rocket engines by experimental tests with model (sub-scale) chamber. The model chamber was designed based on the methodologies proposed in the previous work regarding geometrical dimensions and operating conditions, and hot-fire test procedures were followed to obtain stability boundaries. From the experimental tests, two instability regions are presented by the parameters of combustion-chamber pressure and mixture (oxidizer/fuel) ratio, which are customary for combustor designers. It is found that instability characteristics in the chamber with the adopted jet injectors can be explained by the correlation between the characteristic burning or mixing time and the characteristic acoustic time: In each instability region, dynamic behaviors of flames are investigated to verify the hydrodynamically-derived characteristic lengths of the jet injectors. Large-amplitude pressure oscillation observed in upper instability region is found to be generated by lifted-off flames.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2022

Hot-firing tests were performed to experimentally confirm the effect of the eigenmode in the fuel-air mixing section on combustion instability by changing mixing section length, inlet mean velocity, equivalence ratio, and swirler geometry. A premixed gas composed of air and ethylene was supplied to the combustion chamber through an mixing section and an axial swirler. As the mixing section length increased, the inlet velocity perturbation decreased, but the combustion instability increased more. It was found that the resonance frequency of the first longitudinal mode in the mixing section shifted to the third longitudinal mode as the length of the mixing section increased. The results implied that the transition of the resonace frquency by changing the length of the mixing section might cause combustion instability.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• v.10 no.1 s.40
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 2007

Because the mixing efficiency is influenced remarkably by varying the geometrical configurations, the study of flow characteristics inside the mechanical agitator is very important to improve the performances. The draught tube in the agitator makes intermixing between the screw and tube by interrupting radial flow, and it makes circulation region in a mixing chamber. In general, the helical screw agitator with a draught tube (HSA) is proved more efficient to mix than the others. Consequently, such as the shapes of helical screw, number of pitches and the variation of angular velocity are the main parameters for improving the capacity of HSA. And also the suspension of the solid particles in the agitator can be determined these parameters. The rate of solids suspension in the mixing chamber was quantified with a statistical average value, of. Numerical analyses were carried out, using a commercial CFD code, Fluent, to obtain the velocity, pressure and particle distributions under steady, laminar flow and no-slip conditions. Results are graphically depicted with various parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.37 no.11
• /
• pp.1096-1103
• /
• 2009

The predictions of the material behavior for the structural stability of thrust chamber mixing head at very-low temperatures are very important since the head is highly pressurized by the liquid oxygen with very-low temperatures and experiences impact load by the thrust of combustion chamber. The constitutive equation to express tensile deformation behavior of the material at very-low temperature to predict deformation behavior of the mixing head is formulated by composition of thermal component and athermal component based on dislocation energy barrier model suggested by Kocks. Also, increase of thermal stress components by the increase of obstacles at low temperatures is formulated to the equation similar with Ramberg-Osgood equation. The suggested model predicted well the material's behavior at the wide temperature ranges from very-low temperature to ambient temperature.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 1997

Combustion chamber systems using spray impinged on walls have been studied for improving combustion characteristics in high speed direct injection diesel engines. The fuel spray injected in a small combustion chamber may be easily impinged and deposited on the wall. The fuel deposit has been considered as the cause for unburned emission due to difficulty of fuel-air mixing. In this paper w-shaped combustion chamber which has four raised pips on the side wall is introduced and discussed by comparing with conventional chamber with no pips. The computer code employing new spray-wall interaction model in general non-orthogonal grids is used in here. The model is applied into the new chamber shape with raised pips. In this chamber system four-hole nozzle is used, and the sprays injected from the each hole impact on lands raised from the chamber wall surface. After impacting, the sprays break up into much smaller drops and distribute over all the chamber space, instead of distributing just near the wall surface in conventional omega-shape. The results showed the potential of the w-shaped chamber employing pips for dispersing droplets so as tn avoid the fuel deposit regions.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.131-139
• /
• 2010

Gas motion within the engine cylinder is one of the major factors controlling the fuel-air mixing and combustion processes in diesel engines. In this paper, a special swirl-chamber is designed and applied to a DI (direct injection) diesel engine to generate a strong swirl motion thus enhancing gas motion. Compression, combustion and expansion strokes of this DI diesel engine with the swirl-chamber have been simulated by CFD software. The simulation model was first validated through comparisons with experimental data and then applied to do the simulation of the spray and combustion process. The velocity and temperature field inside the cylinder showed the influences of the strong swirl motion to spray and combustion process in detail. Cylinder pressure, average temperature, heat release rate, total amount of heat release, indicated thermal efficiency, indicated fuel consumption rate and emissions of this DI diesel engine with swirl-chamber have been compared with that of the DI diesel engine with $\omega$-chamber. The conclusions show that the engine with swirlchamber has the characteristics of fast mixture formulation and quick diffusive combustion; its soot emission is 3 times less than that of a $\omega$-chamber engine; its NO emission is 3 times more than that of $\omega$-chamber engine. The results show that the DI diesel engine with the swirl-chamber has the potential to reduce emissions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.31 no.10
• /
• pp.832-839
• /
• 2007

The geometry and dimensions of an expansion chamber are decisive factors in thermal puffer plasma chamber designs. Because they together dominate the temperature and speed at which the cooling gas from the chamber flows back through a flow channel to the arcing zone for the successful interruption of fault currents. In this study, we calculated the flow and mass transfer driven by arc plasma, and investigated the effects of a flow guide installed inside a thermal puffer plasma chamber. It is found that the existing cold gas of the chamber mixes with hot gases entrained from the arcing zone and is subjected to compression due to pressure build-up in the chamber. The pressure build-up with the flow guide is larger than that without due to a vortex which rotates clockwise around the chamber center. By the reverse pressure gradient, the mixing gas of the chamber flows back out for cooling down the residual plasma near current zero. In the case with the flow guide, the temperature just before current zero is lower than that without, and the Cu concentration with high electrical conductivity is also less than that without the flow guide.