• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1278-1285
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• 2008

Measurement of gas produced during in vitro fermentation was used to investigate the fermentation characteristics and interactions of rice straw, wheat straw or maize stover mixed with alfalfa or clover at proportions of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, respectively. Cumulative gas production was recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 48 h of incubation, and the Gompertz function was used to describe the kinetics of gas production. In vitro dry matter and organic matter disappearances (IVDMD and IVOMD) were determined after 48 h incubation. The rate of gas production of clover was higher (p<0.05) than that of rice straw, wheat straw, maize stover and alfalfa when straws and hays were incubated separately. Increasing the proportion of alfalfa in the straw-alfalfa mixtures increased (p<0.05) the rates, but not the maximum volume of gas production. However, both rate and the maximum volume of gas production were increased (p<0.01) as the proportions of clover increased in the straw-clover mixtures. The cumulative gas production at 48 h, IVDMD and IVOMD showed no consistent interaction effects between different mixtures of cereal straws and hays. The extent of interactive effects was affected by the types of cereal straw, legume hay and their proportions in the mixture. The appropriate combination for the mixture of rice straw or maize stover with leguminous hays was 75:25 and 25:75, respectively. The better combination occurred at a proportion of 50:50 for the mixture of wheat straw and alfalfa. We conclude that the suitable proportion of low-quality straw and high quality legume hay combination should be considered in the ration formulation system of ruminants according to the extent of positive interactive effects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.521-529
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• 2016

This paper presents the historical development process and expressive style of motion graphics which are intended to artistic expression, and discusses the value of artistic expressions in motion graphics through the works and activities of F5 and Semi-Permanent which are the representative organization of that. Commercial use of digital motion graphics has been rapidly widespread and used in most of the picture contents by changes in the digital video production environment with the development of the computer. Motion graphics begins with a graphic design applied to the motion graphic content and is transferred from the abstract representation of the animation at the same time. Since then motion graphics have been developed as an independent genre on the basis of graphic design and animation, and take the important position for the understanding and development of the contemporary design and content industry. Moreover, the motion graphics which present the experiment of various techniques and the aspect of mixed genres contribute to the development and diversification of the visual image. This paper is covered on not only F5 and Semi-Permanent that have published experimental artistic motion graphics but also the analysis of the developed ways and expressive patters to produce experimental motion graphics of their works. Furthermore, it discusses the experimental artistic value of these works.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.696-701
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• 2018

The nitrogen oxides generated during combustion reactions have a great influence on the generation of acid rain and fine dust. As an NOx reduction method, exhaust gas recirculation combustion using Coanda nozzles capable of recirculating a large amount of exhaust gas with a small amount of air has recently been utilized. In this study, for the burner outlet with dual end opening, the use of a recirculation burner was investigated for the distribution of the pressure, streamline, temperature, combustion reaction rate and nitrogen oxides using computational fluid analysis. The gas mixed with the combustion air and the recirculated exhaust gas flow in the tangential direction of the circular cylinder burner, so that there is a region with low pressure in the vicinity of the fuel nozzle exit. As a result, a reverse flow is formed in the central portion of the burner near the center of the circular cylinder burner and the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside region of the circular cylinder burner. The combustion reaction occurs on the right side of the burner and the temperature and NOx distribution are relatively higher than those on the left side of the burner. It was found that the average NOx production decreased from an air flow ratio of 1.0 to 1.5. When the air flow ratio is 1.8, the NOx production increases abruptly. It is considered that the NOx production reaction increases exponentially with temperature when the air ratio is more than 1.5 and the NOx production reaction rate increases rapidly on the right-hand side of the burner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2018

Objective: To examine the effects of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (R. sphaeroides) supplementation as a direct-fed microbial (DFM) on rumen fermentation in dairy cows and on coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) transition into milk, an in vitro rumen simulation batch culture and an in vivo dairy cow experiment were conducted. Methods: The characteristics of in vitro ruminal fermentation were investigated using rumen fluids from six cannulated Holstein dairy cows at 2 h post-afternoon feeding. A control treatment was included in the experiments based on a typified total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating dairy cows, which was identical to the one used in the in vivo study, plus R. sphaeroides at 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% TMR dry matter. The in vivo study employed six ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows randomly allotted to either the control TMR (C-TMR) treatment or to a diet supplemented with a 0.5% R. sphaeroides culture (S-TMR, dry matter basis) ad libitum. The presence of R. sphaeroides was verified using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) applied to the bacterial samples obtained from the in vivo study. The concentration of CoQ10 in milk and in the supernatant from the in vitro study was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The results of the in vitro batch culture and DGGE showed that the concentration of CoQ10 significantly increased after 2 h of R. sphaeroides supplementation above 0.1%. When supplemented to the diet of lactating cows at the level of 0.5%, R. sphaeroides did not present any adverse effect on dry matter intake and milk yield. However, the concentration of CoQ10 in milk dramatically increased, with treated cows producing 70.9% more CoQ10 than control cows. Conclusion: The CoQ10 concentration in milk increased via the use of a novel DFM, and R. sphaeroides might be used for producing value-added milk and dairy products in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.824-831
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• 2005

Past corporaion's network security system is single security solution, or mixed several ways, but there was inefficient system because doing not get into organic link But, constructed more strong security system by ESM enterance on. ESM uses way to integrate of each agent to manage easily various kinds security solution. That is, it is system that connect system of existent VPN, FireWall, IDS and so on configurationally depending on security policy and manage. ESM is security system that is developed more than existent security system. But, practical use of network and the development speed of technology being increasing with the mon faster speed, is heightening the level more as well as dysfunction of information crime and so on. Many improvements are required at ESM system, this research wished to make up for the weak-point in the ESM system about interior security. Studied on structure of security solution that is basis of security policy. VPN, Firewall, IDS's link that is main composition of existing security system analysis, reconstructed. And supplemented security of ESM system itself. Establish imaginary intrusion and comparative analysis access data that apply each Telnet Log analysys IDS existent ESM system and proposed ESM system comparative analysis. Confirm the importance of interior security and inspected security of proposed system.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.151-167
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• 2014

Urban space structure in South Korea when through drastic changes ever since public housing policies began their full-fledge implementation. That is, public housing policies represent the main cause for formation of the current urban space structure, as the public houses are constructed in accordance with changes of demographic/social structure, considering changes of housing demand, in urban spaces demanded by the end users. After rapid industrialization and urbanization in the 1960's, each government in different periods have implemented housing supply policies through massive urban developments, to resolve the issue of housing shortage and residential instability. Phase 1 New Towns were developed in the 1980's resulting in suburbanization of the Seoul Area, followed by urban sprawl due to construction of small-size New Towns after deregulation in the 1990's, and construction of Phase 2 New Towns for resolution of housing shortage in the early 2000's and the resulting urban problems. In the mid-2000's, construction of Bogeumjari houses in GB areas led to insufficient housing supply in downtown areas, and the period after 2010 witnessed continuous deterioration of existing urban areas and acceleration of the rental housing crisis caused by rental housing shortage in downtown areas. Moreover, the residentially vulnerable classes consisting of young, 1~2-member households is expanding, with the real estate market in recess. Therefore, the government is trying to achieve urban regeneration through public housing policies so as to resolve the urban space problem and the housing problem at the same time, and the Happiness Housing Project has been implemented as a policy to achieve that goal. The Happiness Housing Project for young, residentially vulnerable classes in downtown areas, is going through diversification aimed at conjunction with urban regeneration projects in downtown areas, as exemplified by conversion of rental houses in residential environment improvement project districts and redevelopment/reconstruction project districts into happiness housing, and supply of happiness housing in conjunction with small reorganization projects for deteriorated residential areas in such areas as those excluded from New Town designation. Continuous supply of Happiness Housing in conjunction with urban regeneration requires mixed-use residential development which includes convenience facilities and public facilities, along with improvement of rental conditions (rental period/rent) and diversification of project methods, considering that the project is implemented in downtown areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.183-183
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• 2014

Recently, multiferroic materials gain much attention due to their fascinating fundamental physical properties. These materials offer wide range of potential applications such as data storage, spintronic devices and sensors, where both electronic and magnetic polarizations can be coupled. Among single-phase multiferroic materials, $BiFeO_3$ is typical because of the room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in view of long-range magnetic- and ferroelectric-ordering temperatures. However, $BiFeO_3$ is well known to have large leakage current and small spontaneous polarization due to the existence of oxygen vacancies and other defects. Furthermore the magnetic moment of pure $BiFeO_3$ is very weak owing to its antiferromagnetic nature. Recently, various attempts have been performed to improve the multiferroic properties of $BiFeO_3$ through the co-doping at the A and the B sites, by making use of the fact that the intrinsic polarization and magnetization are associated with the lone pair of $Bi^{3+}$ ions at the A sites and the partially-filled 3d orbitals of $Fe^{3+}$ ions at the B sites, respectively. In this study, $BiFeO_3$, $Bi_{0.9}Ho_{0.1}FeO_3$, $BiFe_{0.97}Ni_{0.03}O_3$ and $Bi_{0.9}Ho_{0.1}Fe_{0.97}Ni_{0.03}O_3$ bulk compounds were prepared by solid-state reaction and rapid sintering. High-purity $Bi_2O_3$, $Ho_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$ and $NiO_2$ powders with the stoichiometric proportions were mixed, and calcined at $500^{\circ}C$ for 24 h to produce the samples. The samples were immediately put into an oven, which was heated up to $800^{\circ}C$ and sintered in air for 1 h. The crystalline structure of samples was investigated at room temperature by using a Rigaku Miniflex powder diffractometer. The field-dependent and temperature-dependent magnetization measurements were performed with a vibrating-sample magnetometer and superconducting quantum-interference device.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.423-432
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• 2016

Due to the increase in the number of transfer lines and ground level connections with mixed-use high-rise buildings, the Seoul Metro suffers from loaded signage fatigue because of the presence of too many signs. The purpose of this research is to propose ways of improving the wayfinding on the Seoul subway station by examining the signage and (applying the) universal design (UD) concept. A review of the literature explored five universal design components, viz. the accessibility, safety, equitability, perception, and aesthetics. The field investigation found that the ceiling and wall type and general information boards were high on the information hierarchy. The survey respondents merely perceived universal design concept, however, most needed principle. The IPA found that the signs should be appropriately laid out, spaced and located from the perspective of accessibility, and their unity and harmony were other aspects that could be improved while general information boards should include important landmarks outside. In conclusion, this study suggests that the universal design signage concept should be applied to every station and that specific stations should have a duly sign system.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of improvement on the impact resistance and strength properties of cement composites by surface modification of aramid fiber. For aramid fiber reinforced cement composites, therefore, dispersion capability and the bonding efficiency between the fibers and the cement composite material need to be improved. It is possible by modifying surface properties to hydrophobic, it is considered that oiling agent ratio of 1.2 % and improvement of performance is in need to be investigated. In this study, short aramid fibers were mixed by different fiber length and oiling agent ratio. And improvement of strength properties and impact resistance performance of hybrid cement composites were evaluated under the influence of steel fiber. As a result, strength properties of aramid fiber reinforced cement composites are different by mixing ratio of fiber, oiling agent ratio and length of fiber. In case of cement composites which have same volume fraction and fiber length, tensile strength and flexural strength were improved with increase of the emulsions throughput of the fiber surface. The results of evaluation on the static strength properties had effects on impact resistance performance by high-velocity impact. And it was observed that the scabbing of rear was suppressed with increase of the oiling agent ratio.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.173-184
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• 2011

This study suggests the invigoration strategies of commercial and business functions for regeneration of old inner city as city center by examining Dangjin County which is a typical example of the local small-and-medium city where old inner city had declined as the city grew. I conducted a conjoint analysis in terms of important introduction functions and city regeneration directions for the invigoration. The results upon this are as follows. First, low-density of commercial and business places and the utilization of historical and cultural resources instead of the high-density mixed-use development should be considered. Second, It is important to promote regional specialized business and facilities rather than to attract new industry(high-tech industry) for activating local economy. Third, specific and practical countermeasures for resettlement of low-incomes and for maintenance of existing business zone should be established. Fourth, in terms of the maintenance and management, regulation on illegal commercial transactions, improvement of public spaces, and securement of user safety should be considered. Fifth, in terms of consolidation of functions, easier accessibility using public transportations, advertising and promotion of the city, and holding a number of events should be contemplated. Sixth, supporting for business activities and for establishing guides for design of old inner city should be needed. Seventh, public institutions should play a role as a bridge between local residences and experts for balanced regional development.