• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.595-601
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• 2009

The effects of the cation-to-anion resin ratio and bed depth on ion exchange performance of mixed-bed were studied at ultralow solution concentration. Breakthrough curves were experimentally obtained for NaCI solution as functions of resin ratio and bed depth. The bed depth affects the pattern of the sodium breakthrough curve but not the chloride breakthrough curve in beds because of the selectivity difference. Resin selectivity determines the shape of breakthrough curves, Some sodium and chloride breakthrough curves crossed at a point as a function of resin ratio. The lower cation-to-anion resin ratio showed the higher effluent concentration or treated volume of the crossover point regardless of the total resin weight.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2005

Mixed-mode hydrophobic/ionic matrices exhibit a salt-tolerant property for adsorbing target protein from high-ionic strength feedstock, which allows the application of undiluted feedstock via an expanded bed process. In the present work, a new type of mixed-mode adsorbent designed for expanded bed adsorption, Fastline $PRO^{\circledR}$, was challenged for the capture of nattokinase from the high ionic fermentation broth of Bacillus subtilis. Two important factors, pH and ion concentration, were investigated with regard to the performance of nattokinase ad-sorption. Under initial fermentation broth conditions (pH 6.6 and conductivity of 10 mS/cm) the adsorption capacity of nattokinase with Fastline PRO was high, with a maximum capacity of 5,350 U/mL adsorbent. The elution behaviors were investigated using packed bed adsorption experiments, which demonstrated that the effective desorption of nattokinase could be achieved by effecting a pH of 9.5. The biomass pulse response experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the biomass/adsorbent interactions between Bacillus subtilis cells and Fastline PRO, and to demonstrate a stable expanded bed in the feedstock containing Bacillus subtilis cells. Finally, an EBA process, utilizing mixed-mode Fastline PRO adsorbent, was optimized to capture nattokinase directly from the fermentation broth. The purification factor reached 12.3, thereby demonstrating the advantages of the mixed-mode EBA in enzyme separation.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2010

This study investigated the characteristics of co-combustion of mixed anthracite (domestic and Vietnam) and bituminous coal (Sonoma, Australia) at circulating fluidized bed boiler in Donghae thermal power plant when mixing ratio of bituminous coal is variable. Co-combustion of bituminous coal contributes to improvement in general combustion characteristics such as moderately retaining temperature of furnace and recycle loop, reducing unburned carbon powder, and reducing discharge concentration of NOx and limestone supply owing to improvement in anthracite combustibility as the mixing ratio was increased. However, bed materials were needed to be added externally when the mixing ratio exceeded 40% because of reduction in generating bed materials based on reduction in ash production. When co-combustion was conducted in the section of 40 to 60% in the mixing ratio while the supplied particles of bituminous coal was increased from 6 mm to 10 mm, continuous operation was shown to be possible with upper differential pressure of 100 mmH2O (0.98 kPa) and more without addition of bed materials for the co-combustion of mixed anthracite and bituminous coal (to 50% or less of the ratio) and that of domestic coal and bituminous coal (to 60% of the ratio).

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.38-43
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• 1993

The characteristics of food wastewater treatment in an anaerobic packed bed reactor (APBR) with polyurethane as a packing material and sludge bed reactor (ASBR) was studied. The reactor of 9cm-ID, 150cm-height was fed in a continuous mode from bottom of reactor. For the purpose of constant temperature of reactor, water jacket was installed. The used packing materials was polyurethane sponge foam. Methane which was produced by decomposed organics collected at the top of the reactor for using as a fuel. The substrates used were synthetic, mixed and food wastewater. For the acclimatization of microorganisms, mixed wastewater was used. The major analyses were gas production, COD, pH and volatile acids. Based upon the completed works, the results are as follows: When food wastewater was fed the quantity of produced gas was less than that of synthetic wastewater, but food process saw higher methane content than synthetic process. As well as COD removal efficiency of food process reached at about 85%. In aspect of effluent volatile acid, food process showed low concentration of below 500 mg/l, therefore anaerobic reaction stabled. Conclusively food wastewater used can be digested by anaerobic treatment, especially anaerobic packed bed reactor showed 82% of COD removal, 75% of methane content, 10 l of gas production, and anaerobic sludge bed reactor did 79% of COD removal, 75% of methane content, 81 of gas production at 4 kgCOD/m$^3$day, 36$\circ$C.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2014

Bed-soils can be used to help plants to overcome unfavorable conditions of soils, especially hydraulic properties of soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic raw materials on saturated hydraulic conductivity ($K_s$) of bed-soils. Perlite and bottom ash, which are inorganic materials, increased more $K_s$ of bed-soils than coco peat, an organic material. However, vermiculite, an inorganic material, increased less than coco peat. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of bed-soil mixed with fine vermiculite ($0.14{\pm}0.02mh^{-1}$) was much lower than one containing coarse vermiculite ($0.85{\pm}0.21mh^{-1}$). Such effect was more apparent when pressure was added on bed-soils containing fine vermiculite ($0.07{\pm}0.01mh^{-1}$), probably reflecting the decrease in pore size with the expansion of vermiculite wetted. Compacting decreased more $K_s$ in the bed-soils containing coco peat or vermiculite than other mixtures. Those results suggest that perlite and bottom ash in bed-soils play an important role in improving saturated hydraulic conductivity but vermiculite in bed-soils may suppress the improvement of saturated hydraulic conductivity with the decrease of its size and with the increase of compacting pressure.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 도금폐수 중 니켈이온의 분리 회수를 위한 혼성 이온교환체의 제조 및 흡착 특성을 확인하였다. 니켈 흡착량은 이온교환체의 혼합비에 큰 영향이 없었으며, 비드상 이온교환수지 양이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 또한 Langmuir와 Freundlich흡착 등온식이 직선성을 보였으며 이로부터 니켈의 이온교환 친화력이 큰 것을 확인하였다. 또한 충전방식에 따른 압력손실은 다단충전법에서 적층수가 많아질수록 작아졌고, 혼합충전법에서는 비드 이온교환수지의 양이 증가할수록 압력손실은 감소하였다. 한편, 연속식 흡착실험 결과 다단충전방식의 경우 적층수가 증가할수록 초기 파괴 시간은 짧아졌으며, 최종 파괴 시간은 거의 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 혼합충전방식의 경우 이온교환섬유의 양이 증가할수록 흡착파괴 시간이 짧았으며, 이때 최대 흡착량은 각각 2.51 meq/g과 2.69 meq/g이었다. 한편, 모든 이온 교환체의 흡착된 니켈이온의 탈착은 10분 이내에 98% 이상 탈착되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.292-296
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• 1999

The high density mixed mode adsorbent known by the trade name of Mimo-AD was used to purify lysozyme directly from the hen egg white (HEW). The homogenized hen egg white was treated with the adsorbent in a stirred vessel for lysozyme adsorption, and then the adsorbent, easily separated from the HEW by sedimentation, was packed into a column. The remaining HEW and contaminant proteins were removed by washing with pH 11 distilled water in an expanded-bed state, and subsequently the elution was performed with pH 12 distilled water in a packed-bed state. By this simple and rapid adsorption, washing, and elution procedure, lysozyme was purified to＞95％ with an overall recovery yield of 66％. This process offers a great potential for industrial application by allowing the extraction of lysozyme while retaining the commercial value of HEW.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2013

This study was carried out to know the substitute effect of Yacto (leaf mold compost) on popped rice hulls compost (PRHC) in Yang-jik nursery bed of Panax ginseng. PRHC was mixed with Yacto as 50:50 ratio, and 1 ~ 2% of the mixed oil cake, rice bran and urea were also added to promote decaying the mixed compost. The mixed compost made by PRHC and Yacto was showed that positive effect on the growth of ginseng seedling when it was mixed with 1% of oil cake and rice bran, and 2% of mixed oil cake. But addition to the 2% of urea in the mixture of PRHC and Yacto was not positive effect on the growth of ginseng seedling. Root yield of the mixed compost was similar to that of conventional compost by made 100% of Yacto. Therefore, the mixed compost can substitute for Yacto when PRHC and Yacto were mixed by 50:50 ratio and added 1% of oil cake and rice bran.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2008

Methane의 부분산화에 의하여 일산화탄소를 발생시키고 이를 이용하여 온실가스로 알려져 있는 $N_2O$를 분해시키기 위한 이중 촉매 반응시스템의 반응 특성을 살펴보았다. 일산화탄소를 발생시키기 위한 제1 반응기의 조건은 Co-Rh-Al (1/0.2/1) 촉매를 사용할 때 $500^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 methane과 산소의 비율이 5:1이고 GHSV $8,000h^{-1}$ 일때 가장 적합하였다. 제1 반응기에서 methane을 부분산화시켜 얻은 혼합 가스를 사용하는 이중 반응시스템에서 제2 반응기에 촉매로 Co-Rh-Al(1/0.2/1)과 Co-Rh-Zr-Al(1/0.2/0.3/1)을 사용한 경우 Co-Rh-Al(1/0.2/1) 촉매를 사용한 single bed system 보다 $250^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온에서 우수한 분해성능을 나타내었다. 두 경우 모두 $250^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서는 $N_2O$가 100% 분해되었다. 또한, 제2 반응기에서 $N_2O$ 분해성능은 NO의 존재 유무에 관계없이 산소의 농도가 증가할수록 감소함을 보여주었다. 다만 NO가 존재할 경우 산소의 농도가 10,000 ppm 이하일 때 100% 분해율을 보이며 그 이상일 경우 급격히 감소하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.538-543
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to develope electrostatic separation system for recycling of mixed waste plastics. The electrostatic separation system is designed and investigated the separation efficiency for separating of mixed waste plastics. Electrostatic separation system consisted of a tribocharger, separator (two electrode), collector (5 tray) and controller (positive/negative high voltage power supply). The tribocharger is a fluidized bed using tribo-electrification mechanism between particles and particles. In experimental results, the tribocharger of the fluidized bed was more effective separation efficiency. It showed the purity of $85{\sim}99\;%$ and the recovery of $80{\sim}98\;%$ from the powder of mixed plastics such as LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS, PET and PVC. Especially, In the separation experiment of Polyvinylchloride(PVC) which generates hazardous hydrogen chloride gas in case of the combustion. its purity was over 99 % and recovery was over 95 %.