• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.371-384
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• 2015

Although GOCI has potential for land surface monitoring, there have been only a few cases for land applications. It might be due to the lack of reliable land products derived from GOCI data for end-users. To use for land applications, it is often essential to provide cloud-free composite over land surfaces. In this study, we proposed a cloud detection method that was very important to make cloud-free composite of GOCI reflectance and vegetation index. Since GOCI does not have SWIR and TIR spectral bands, which are very effective to separate clouds from other land cover types, we developed a multi-temporal approach to detect cloud. The proposed cloud detection method consists of three sequential steps of spectral tests. Firstly, band 1 reflectance threshold was applied to separate confident clear pixels. In second step, thick cloud was detected by the ratio (b1/b8) of band 1 and band 8 reflectance. In third step, average of b1/b8 ratio values during three consecutive days was used to detect thin cloud having mixed spectral characteristics of both cloud and land surfaces. The proposed method provides four classes of cloudiness (thick cloud, thin cloud, probably clear, confident clear). The cloud detection method was validated by the MODIS cloud mask products obtained during the same time as the GOCI data acquisition. The percentages of cloudy and cloud-free pixels between GOCI and MODIS are about the same with less than 10% RMSE. The spatial distributions of clouds detected from the GOCI images were also similar to the MODIS cloud mask products.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2001

The purpose of designing Haebaragi park, legally designated as children park, is to make a place for children including residents performing outdoor recreation, various social interactions, and cultural activities. Design concept for space plan have twofold; the one is a positive and creative playing space and facilities for children, escaped from a monotonous playground, and the other is a cultural and social space for neighboring communities. The site having the area of 1,316.7 square meters, located in Nowon-Dong, Buk-Gu, Daegu metropolitan City, is just like a vest pocket park. The adjacent area had been developed a slum area with mixed ad visually conflicting land use patterns and low income groups. The children and residents living in the area do not have any public space suitable for playing and/or rest. After analyzing such locational characteristic as accessibility, land use of the communities, and potentials for park development, and such design concept as arrangement of facilities, efficient use of site, and functional allocation of park space, We have mad a plan for composition of spaces for various activities, provision of facilities based on estimation of user-demand and activities, and planting. In the design process, we have tried to harmonize functional spaces with facilities, and to organize all the functions as a whole. To improve urbanity and aesthetic shape of park design, we have introduced a central plaza, design of a pave floor, a torrent, large trees for shade, colonnades and so on. From this design project, we can develop the site as a children park for increasing creativities and various playing opportunities, and as a resident space for rest, cultural activities. In the future, it is required that many attempt to design and develop urban small space as a park for children and residents.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2013

This study aims to suggest the direction of urban planning for coping with climate change focusing on urban metabolism. The study consists of two main parts: literature review and case study. The cases are selected for mixed-use housing estate in Europe, which established the plans for energy saving and efficient use of resources and waste. The case study was carried out in accordance with the framework, which had four aspects that are 'to minimize energy input,' 'to use renewable energy sources,' 'to recycle waste,' and 'to reuse natural resources.' As a result, in all the cases, analysis showed that the circular metabolism system was built for energy, waste and water resources and that the plan satisfying all the aspects of the framework was established. Moreover, main planning elements are different reflecting resource conditions for each case. In conclusion, in order to achieve urban metabolism, it will be necessary to analyze various conditions including the surrounding environment of the region and to introduce planning elements that can maximize the regional potential.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Salt marsh is an important transitional zone among terrestrial, riverine, and marine ecosystems and is a productive habitat that interacts extensively with adjacent landscape elements of estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Nowadays, in addition to various human activities, a variety of natural processes induce changes in salt marshes. This study aims to provide background information to restore disturbed salt marshes and to propose their ecological restoration using seed banks. The study area is a prepared area for the Gwangyang Container Port located in the southern Korea. This area was formed by accumulating mud soils dredged from the bottom of the forward sea. This land was created in a serial process of preparing the Gwangyang container port and the salt marsh was passively restored by seeds buried in mud soil dredged from seabed. As a result of stand ordination based on vegetation data collected from the land, stands were arranged according to tolerance to salinity in the order of $Suaeda$ $maritima$, $Salicornia$ $europaea$, and $Phragmites$ $communis$ communities on the Axis 1. Landscape structure of the projected area was analyzed as well. Edges of the projected area were divided from the marginal waterway by the dike. Four types of vegetation appeared on the dike: $Alnus$ $firma$ plantation, $Robinia$ $pseudoacacia$ plantation, $Lespedeza$ $cyrtobotrya$ plantation, and grassland. In the more internal areas, two types of vegetation sequences appeared: $Aster$ $tripolium$ community-$Suaeda$ $glauca$ community-$Salicornia$ $europaea$ community sequence and $Aster$ $tripolium$ community-$Suaeda$ $maritima$ community-$S.$ $europaea$ community sequence. Mixed community showed the highest species diversity (H' = 0.86) and $S.$ $europaea$ community showed the lowest (H' = 0.0). Evenness is the highest in Mixed community (J' = 2.26) and the lowest in $S.$ $maritime-S.$ $europaea$ community (J' = 0.0). Several plant communities were successfully established on the land created by mud soil dredged from the bottom of Gwangyang Bay. Moreover, community diversity in this area approached a similar level with those from other studies involving natural salt marshes. Therefore, restoration effect based on community diversity obtained in our study can be evaluated as a successful achievement. In this respect, although most salt marshes in Korea and other places worldwide have been destroyed or disturbed by excessive land use, feasibility of seed bank as a restoration tool is greatly expected.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.4
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• pp.388-397
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• 1990

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of land use and stand volume around Mt. Kuem-O by B/W aerial photographs in 1979 and B/W Infrared aerial photographs in 1988. The results obtained in this study were as follow : 1. In classification of forest type on aerial photographs, coniferous stand was dark tone and hardwood stand was light tone and irregularly rounded crowns. 2. In classification of coniferous stand, Pinus densiflora was narraw cone and rounded tip of crowns and rough texture, Pinus rigida was irregulary rounded and broadly conical crowns. 3. To refer to changes of forest land area, mixed forest was changed into P. desiflora (687ha), P. rigida (130ha) and hardwood stand (219ha). 4. The regression equations between crown diameter and DBH were significant at 1% level by F-test in all stands. So the equation, D=a+bCD was used to estimate DBH. 5. The tree height curve equations were significant at 1% level by F-test in all stands. To estimate tree height the equation, logH=loga+blogD was adopted in P. densiflora and L. leptolepis and $H=a-bD+cD^2$ was adopted in P. rigida, hardwood stand and mixed forest. 6. The highest volume per hectare was observed in L. leptolepis and mixed forest showed the greatest growth percentage, while the lowest volume per hectare and growth percentage were observed in hardwood stand.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.733-745
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• 2001

This review paper discusses the relevance and potential importance of food-feed systems in Asian agricultural systems, and in particular the role and contribution of legumes to these systems. A food-feed system is one that maintains, if not increases, the yield of food crops, sustains soil fertility, and provides dietary nutrients for animals. It involves a cropping pattern within which the feed crop has many beneficial effects without competing for land, soil nutrients and water with the food crops. The agricultural environment is described with reference to the priority agro-ecological zones and prevailing mixed farming systems in Asia. Within these systems, animal production is severely hampered by critical feed shortages which can however, be alleviated by the integration of suitable leguminous forages into the cropping systems. The review also focuses on the role and potential importance of leguminous forages in terms of biodiversity, their uses in farming systems, beneficial effects on animal performance, and draws attention to six case studies in different countries that clearly demonstrate many benefits of developing such food-feed systems. Considerable opportunities exist for widening the use of forage legumes in the development of systems with several complementary advantages (e.g. fenceline, cover crops, fodder banks, forage source and erosion control) to improve the development of sustainable crop-animal systems in Asia.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.3-9
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• 2007

Stream flow and water quality were measured and analyzed with respect to flow-weighted mean concentrations (FWMCs) of 21 rainfall events from a forested watershed (Forest Research Watershed: FRW) and two mixed watersheds of agriculture and forest (YuPo-Ri Watershed: YPW and WolGog-ri Watershed: WGW) located in the middle of the North Han River basin. The monitoring of each watershed was one year and conducted between 2004 and 2006. YPW showed more intensive agricultural practices than WGW where traditional practices were common. The average of the 21 FWMCs were in the order of YPF>WGW>FRW and were significantly different from each other at the level of 0.05. It was shown that the land use with intensive agricultural practices produced and discharged more NPS pollutants than that with traditional practices and forest. Specially, SS concentrations from the mixed watersheds were significantly higher than those from FRW. Influencing factors on runoff were analyzed rainfall and watershed area. And rainfall intensity was greater impact on runoff than daily rainfall. Measured water quality indices were shown positive correlations among them in general. However, no significant correlation was shown between COD and nutrients(T-N and T-P).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2010

This study aims to propose practical strategies for the new urban ideal of regeneration. A book review highlights the emergence of new trends of urbanization in knowledge-information industrial society beyond the new town Ideal of the industrial society. The meaning of ‘landscape’ in landscape urbanism represents not the visual and decorative pictures, but the dynamic process in the context of changes and evolutions. Also, knowledge-information industrial society and landscape have a meaning in the same context of flow and process with changes of velocity. Finally, these key words convey a meaning with the new urban trends of urbanization in knowledge-information industrial society in the context of value-oriented characteristics of dynamics and process. Urban regeneration is emerging as the new urban ideal in the knowledge-information industrial society, beyond the new town ideal of industrial society. It is in the same context as landscape urbanism with respect to green infrastructure buildings and designs for the transformation of urban surfaces covered with concrete and asphalt into the ecological surface, and of the ecological surfaces into the cultural surface that could be communicated with human beings. This research revealed the six strategies for urban regeneration as follows. The First, the strategies for the transformation of urban surfaces into ecological surfaces, the second, the strategies for the transformation of ecological surfaces into cultural surfaces, the third, the introduction of mixed and convergence land use, the forth, the transformation of former sites(e.g. military and factory) into urban parks, the fifth, the introduction of waterfront park zones that have the function of ecological and park-oriented mixed land use and, the sixth, the building and design of green infrastructure in the residential and commercial complex in CBD. These strategies call for the reforms of development laws and regulations to restrict building coverage ratio, building heights, and the introduction of park-oriented mixed zoning regulations. Another method for implementating the above listed strategies was the introduction of a strategic planning system instead of the traditional master plan system. This system uses a value planning approach and brand making by imagery. It is able to construct the meaning of an image and its creativeness directly.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2018

School facilities are important facilities in neighboring residential areas and occupy important physical and social positions. Not using school facility occur to an obstacle to the environment of the local residents and cause a great waste of local land resources, due to its size and location. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a system to identify the cause of the unsold school facility site and to prevent it. On the other hand, it is necessary to make quick use of the unemployed school facility site through conversion of usage.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

Since the middle of 1990, "High Rise Residential Complex" has been started to construct to fulfill the use of high density land use. In addition, it bacame a major solution for a rehabilitation project to achieve a high volume ratio, which in turn brings a good business. In this study, POE is applied to secure residential satisfaction level between Apartment and High Rise Residential complex. Also life style differences are investigated between the two type of complexes. It was resulted that recent High Rise Residential Complex is quite acceptable in most respects, however interior vetillation and direct wind flow from living space through dining - kitchen to ease the cooking scent is not a satisfactory level. These two factors are most highly demanded for future design of High Rise Complex in considering specialties in our cultural life style.