• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2023

One type of biomass that has promising potential for bio pellet production is spent coffee grounds (SCGs). However, previous studies have shown that SCGs in bio pellets cause a lot of smoke. Therefore, they need to be mixed with a material that has a higher calorific value to produce better quality pellets. One material that can be used is pine wood because it has a natural resin content that can increase the calorific value. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of bio pellets produced with SCGs and pine wood charcoal at different particle sizes. The charcoal was ground using either a hammer mill (HM) or a ball mill (BM). Pine wood charcoal was mixed with SCGs at ratios of SCGs to pine wood charcoal of 4:6 and 6:4 by weight, respectively, and the adhesive used a tapioca with a composition ratio 5% of the raw material. The bio pellets were produced using a manual pellet press. The quality of the bio pellets was assessed based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8021-2014, and the physical observations include flame length, burning rate, and compressive strength. The average water content, ash content, and calorific value of the bio pellets were in accordance with SNI 8021-2014, but the density and ash content values were below the standard values. The BM variation of bio pellets had a higher compressive strength than the HM variation, and the 4:6 BM variation had the longest burning time compared with 4:6 HM.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.544-551
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• 2013

Recently high speed mixer, which is mixing, grinding, dispersion for liquid-liquid material, has been widely used several industries such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, electronic material. This high speed mixer has a core element part called particle separation device. Particle separation device, which makes mixed liquid and liquid material using shear forces from a rotor and a stator, is a decisive factor in the distributed parts. In this study, we examined the velocity distribution of the two models of particle separation device using computation fluid dynamics, so that we were able to see the difference of the velocity distribution according to the shape. Also, by experiment, we observed that the use of rotor-screen type is deemed more suitable in case of accurately considering the effect of improving of the dispersibility through the circulation of the future.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.947-952
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• 1997

The magnetic polishing is the useful method to finish using magnetic power of a magnet. The time hasn't been that long since the magnetic polishing method was introduced to korea as one of precision polishing techniques. However, the reasons for not being spreaded widely are the magnetic polishing method don't have mediocrity for machine, the efficiency of magnet-abrasive is confined as a bad polishing, and there are not many researchers in this field. The mechanism of this R&D is dealing with the dynamic state of magnet-abrasive. This paper deals with mediocritizing magnetic polishing device into regular lathe and this experiment was conducted in order to get a best surface roughness with low cost. Beside the subsidiary experiment was performed using the mixed magnet-abrasive with general alumina, barium. This paper introduced the main reason for difficulty using this method in industrial field. It needs more continues research on it. This paper contains the result of experiment to acquire the best surface roughness, not using the high-cost polishing material in processing. The average diameters of magnet-abrasive are the particles of 150 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 250 $\mu\textrm{m}$.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.799-804
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• 2014

Hard turning is a machining process for hardened materials with high surface quality so that grinding process can be eliminated. Therefore, the hard turning is capable of reducing machining time and improving productivity. In this study, hardened AISI4140 (high-carbon chromium steel) that has excellent yield strength, toughness and wear resistance was finish turned using CBN tools. Wear characteristics of CBN tool was analyzed in dry and MQL mixed with nano-particle (Nano-MQL). The dominant fracture mechanism of CBN tool is diffusion and dissolution wear on the rake surface resulting in thinner cutting edge. Abrasive wear by hard inclusion in AISI4140 was dominant on the flank surface. Nano-MQL reduced tool wear comparing with the dry machining but chip evacuation should be considered. A cryogenically treated tool showed promising result in tool wear.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2010

As buildings have become higher and larger, the use of high performance concrete has increased. With this increase, interest in and use of ultra fine powder admixture is also on the rise. The silica fume and BSF are the admixtures currently being used in Korea. However, silica fume is exclusively import dependent because it is not produced in Korea. In the case of BFS, it greatly improves concrete fluidity and long-term strength. But a problem exists in securing early strength. Furthermore, air-cooled slag is being discarded, buried in landfills, or used as road bed materials because of its low activation energy. Therefore, we investigated in this study the usability of nano-slag (both rapidly-chilled and air-cooled) as an alternative material to the silica fume. We conducted a physic-chemical analysis for the nano-slag powder and performed a mortar test to propose quality standards. The analysis and testing were done to find out the industrial usefulness of the BFS that has been grinded to the nano-level.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.120-123
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• 1997

In this paper, we deal with the effect on magnetic properties when Nd is added to Sr ferrite bonded magnet. First, we choose SrO$_{n}$.Fe$_2$O$_3$(n=5.9), which is nonstoichiomatric composition, as specimen ferrite. Then, we add 5wt% polyvinyl alcohol and calcinate at 12$25^{\circ}C$ under $N_2$ environment for carbon coating on chemical compound specimen. After that we obtain 1.2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ single domain powder through grinding process for 18 hours. The single domain Sr ferrite Powder is well mixed with silage coupling and calcium stearate of 1wt% Then, it is kneaded by using polyamide12 as a binder and is pelleted. After adding Nd-Fe-B powder to the pelleted specimen, we injection-mould it under magnetic field by using anisotropic mould. Especially, when we add l3wt% Nd-Fe-B powder to the polyamide12, we obtain excellent magnetic propertiecs which are $_{B}$H$_{C}$=2.65KOe, Br=3.16KG and (BH)$_{max}$=2.61MGOeOeOeOeOe

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2015

Objectives: In order to review both the effects of sewage sludge dewaterability and deodorizing ability in the existing advanced sewage treatment process, BIO-CLOD (a solidified mixture of 10% Bacillus concentrate and inorganics) was used as an inorganic conditioner effective for deodorization treatment in addition to the removal of organic matter and nutritive salts. Methods: Sludge dewaterability was evaluated using specific resistance to filtration (SRF) experiments with six agitators and two types of commercially available BIO-CLOD; one that is made by grinding solid matter (powdered BIO-CLOD) and one that has been obtained by sieving a separation with a particle diameter of 100 mesh (100 mesh BIO-CLOD). For deodorization odor treatment experiments, 20 g of commercially available solid BIO-CLOD was submerged in four liters of sewage sludge and mixed and agitated for 45 days. Results: When BIO-CLOD was injected into sewage sludge to experimentally compare specific resistance to filtration (SRF), the optimum amount of BIO-CLOD to be injected was shown to be 2% w/v and the SRF value in this case was $1.35{\times}10^{12}m/kg$. pH changes following BIO-CLOD injection were within 6.5-7.0. By 14 days after submerging BIO-CLOD into the sewage sludge to evaluate its deodorizing ability, $H_2S$ decreased by 68% and methyl mercaptan decreased by 74%. By 45 days after the submergal, both items decreased by 100%, indicating deodorizing ability. Conclusion: To compare the levels of dewaterablity of sewage sludge at different particle sizes of inorganic conditioner, powdered BIO-CLOD, particle size 100 mesh BIO-CLOD, and bentonite were tested. It could be seen that as the powdered BIO-CLOD increased, the precipitability increased up to 62% in 30 minutes. As an inorganic conditioner, BIO-CLOD was identified as a stable sludge conditioner that does not affect pH.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2003

본 연구는 남은 음식물의 사료화를 목적으로 Lactobacillus acidophilus와 Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 이용하여 남은 음식물을 발효시켜 고품질의 생균사료를 생산하기 위하여 실시하였다. 액상으로 충분히 마쇄시킨 남은 음식물 시료에 공기주입량을 0v.v.m 0rpm, 0.25v.v.m 100rpm, 0.5v.v.m 200rpm과 1v.v.m 500rpm으로 다르게 조절하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 발효시킨 결과 0.5v.v.m 200rpm의 조건에서 생균수가 $4.5{\times}10^9CFU/m{\ell}$로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 공기주입량을 조절함으로써 최종 발효물의 pH를 조절할 수 있었고 사료로서의 기호성에 알맞고 보존성도 좋은 4-5의 pH범위를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 1995

열전발전용 재료인 PbTe의 밀링 시간, 볼과 분말의 무게비에 따른 기계적 합금화 거동을 연구하였다. Pb와 Te 분말을 볼과 분말의 무게비 2 : 1에서 2분간 기계적 합금화 함으로써 PbTe 금속간 화합물의 형성이 완료되었다. 밀링 공정중 vial 표면 온도의 in situ 측정에서 기계적 합금화에 의한 PbTe 금속간 화합물의 형성이 분말 계면에서의 확산 공정보다는 합금화 반응이 자발적으로 전파하는 자전 반응에 의하여 이루어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 기계적 합금화로 제조한 PbTe 합금분말의 격자상수는 0.6462nm로 용해 및 분쇄법으로 제조한 PbTe 분말에서 보고된 값인 0.6459nm와 잘 일치하였으며, 밀링 시간의 증가 및 볼과 분말의 무게비의 변화에 의하여 변하지않았다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 1999

고로슬래그 시멘트의 저온 조기 강도를 증진키 위하여 고로슬래그의 분말도를 높이고 낮은 물:시멘트 비(W/C)의 혼합수량을 사용하였다. 분쇄조제를 사용하여 6,280$\textrm{cm}^2$/g(Blaine)로 미분쇄한 고로슬래그를 일반 포틀랜드 시멘트와 혼합하여 고로슬래그 40%의 고로슬래그 시멘트를 만들었다. 그리고 시판의 naphthalene계 고성능감수제를 사용하여 혼합수량을 W/C=0.50(KS L 5105)에서 W/C=0.33으로 저하시킬 수 있었다. 상술한 방법을 통하여 고로슬래그 시멘트의 저온 조기 강도를 포트랜드 시멘트 강도보다 오히려 더 높게 향상시킬 수 있었으며, 기공구조 및 임피던스 분석의 방법으로 본 시멘트의 미세구조를 조사하였다.