• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

This study was performed to evaluate the effective analysis of flexural performance for polypropylene fiber (PF) reinforced EVA concrete that can be used in marine bridge, tunnel and agricultural structures under flexural load. The control design was applied in ready mixed concrete using 10 % fly ash of total binder weight used in batch plant. On the basis of the control mix design, there was designed mix types that contained PF ranged from 0 % to 0.5 % by volume ratio into two mix types of using 0 % and 5.0 % EVA contents of total binder weight. Before evaluating the flexural performance, we tested compressive strength and flexural strength to evaluate whether polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete could be used or not in site. The method of flexural performance evaluation was applied by ASTM C 1609. These results showed the maximum compressive strength and flexural strength was measured at each E5P1 and E5P2. Concrete reinforced with PF exhibited deflection-softening behavior. In the concrete reinforced with 0.4 % PF contents and containing 5.0 % EVA, the flexural performance was the best.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.345-351
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• 2020

The study investigates how marketing mix factors are mediated by health consciousness and service quality in creating fresh fruit buying decisions of customers in Vietnam. This study employs samples of customers in Vietnam via the survey questionnaire. The authors have used a total of 256 responses that acquired the valid criteria. The compound of data analysis comprises reliability test, validity test, exploratory factor analysis, group analysis and multiple regression analysis to structure the hypothesized model. Respectively, the structural equation model (SEM) is applied to conduct the multiple multivariate equations. By the assumption of causal-effect relationship between independent variables such as marketing mixed factors, and mediator as health consciousness and service quality, which potentially impact on purchase decision; the SEM method is deployed. The results reveal that consumers have paid no attention to the marketing mix factors, but they care much about service quality and health consciousness. Thus, health consciousness and service quality are effective mediators. These findings are new and contribute to the consumer behavior and retail marketing literature. The findings of this study can provide assistance to managers in the given field to understand more easily the consumer behavior about fresh fruits, then improve their own performance.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2015

Crystalline $Ce^{3+}$ co-doped $LaPO_4$:RE ($RE=Dy^{3+}$, $Tb^{3+}$, $Eu^{3+}$, $Sm^{3+}$) and mix doped rare earth ions of $Dy^{3+}$, $Tb^{3+}$ and $Eu^{3+}$ were prepared by the polyol method at $150^{\circ}C$. Strongly enhance luminescence intensity is obtained with the co-doping of $Ce^{3+}$ with $LaPO_4$:$Dy^{3+}$ and $LaPO_4$:$Tb^{3+}$ due to charge transfer (CT) occurring from $Ce^{3+}$ to $Dy^{3+}$ and $Ce^{3+}$ to $Tb^{3+}$, where as there is no significant changes in luminescence intensity of $Ce^{3+}$ co-doped $Eu^{3+}$ and $Sm^{3+}$ doped $LaPO_4$ samples. The luminescence color can be tuned from green to white by varying the excitation wavelength for the mix ions $Ce^{3+}$, $Dy^{3+}$, $Tb^{3+}$ and $Eu^{3+}$ doped with $LaPO_4$.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.179-187
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• 1996

Many underwater concrete structures have been constructed recently in proportion to the increase of ocean developments. The research for the underwater concrete construction was mainly focused in view of placing method. Recently, special admixture agents of concrete were developed for antiwashout concrete under water in some foreign nations. They had successful results in experiments and site constructions. However. there are seldom experimental results or placements in domestic contry. In this paper. We had carried out property tests of fresh and hardened concrete with refer to successful results in experiments and site construction and investigated the physical variation of the antiwashout underwater concrete considering the interaction between antiwashout admixture and other ones. We have decided the optimal mix proportion fb;r antiwashout underwater concrete under standerd sea state.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.586-594
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• 2022

Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness of the social marketing mix approach in increasing students' knowledge about smoking, promoting positive attitudes toward smoking cessation, and decreasing smoking behavior. Methods: This quantitative research study incorporated a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent group design. Using the purposive sampling technique, 152 smoking students were selected as participants. They were divided into 2 equal groups, with 76 students in the control group and 76 in the intervention group. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with the chi-square test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The social marketing mix intervention was effective in increasing the students' knowledge about smoking (p<0.001), improving their attitude toward smoking cessation (p<0.001), and reducing their smoking behavior (p=0.014). Conclusions: This approach should be implemented by local governments to reduce smoking behavior in the community, especially among teenagers, in addition to instituting a smoking ban and applying fines.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.46-52
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• 1987

There are many factors such as airtighteness and high density of merchandises or passengers that contaminate indoor air in underground commercial floor. So it is very important to know air quality and quantity of contamination in underground market increasing in number lately. It was from these viewpoints that gaseous pollutants, dusts and mutagenicity of organic compounds extracted from dusts in an underground market were investigatd. Organic ompounds (tar) were extracted by Soxhlet extractor with benzene as a solvent. Mutagenicities of these extracts were evaluated by the preincubation method using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TA 98 strains with and without S9mix. The results obtained were as follows: It seemed to be under the influence of outdoor air that the concentrations of $CO, CO_2, NO, NO_2$ and dusts were higher in winter than summer. The concentration of $CO_2$ was higher in indoor than outdoor, but the concentration of NOx was similar in both sampling areas. Metal contents in dusts attached to the ventilation ducts were as follows showing in order of high concentration : Fe (9000-22000ppm), Zn(1200-2300ppm) and Pb (280-590ppm). The contents of tar were 6-33% of dusts, and higher than those from dusts collected by high volume air sampler. The extracts from dusts attached to the inlet duct exhibited lower mutagenicity than those from dusts attached to the outlet duct. This finding seemed to suggest that mutagenic substances were in creasing in underground. There was no seasonal difference of mutagenicity toward TA 98. Toward TA 100 in the presence of S9mix, the mutagenicity was about 3 fold higher in winter than summer. The mutagenicities of tar extracted from dusts collected by high volume air sampler were different from those attached to the ventilation ducts. The former showed 2-3 fold higher mutagenicity than the latter toward TA 100. However no difference showed between the former and the latter toward TA 98 in the absence of S9mix, but the former was 4-5 fold higher than the latter in the presence of S9mix.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.63-74
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• 2014

PURPOSES: This research is to evaluate the mechanical performance of different types of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement cells prepared for MN/Road field testing section through an extensive experimental analysis of air voids and simple statistical evaluation tools (i.e. hypothesis test). METHODS: An extensive experimental work was performed to measure air voids in 82 asphalt mixture cores (238 samples in total) obtained from nine different types of road cell located in MN/Road testing field. In order to numerically and quantitatively address the differences in air voids among the different test Cells built in MN/Road, a simple statistical test method (i.e. t-test) with 5% significance was used. RESULTS: Similar trends in air voids content were found among the mixtures including conventional HMA, Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) combined with taconite aggregate this provides support to the use of RAP and WMA technology in the constructions of asphalt pavement. However, in case of acid modified HMA mixtures, significant differences in air void content were observed between on the wheel path and between wheel path location, which implies negative performances in rutting and thermal cracking resistances. Conclusions : It can be concluded that use of RAP and WMA technology in the construction of conventional asphalt pavement and the use of PPA (Poly Phosphoric Acid) in combinations with SBS (Styrene Butadiene Styrene) in asphalt binder production provide satisfactory performance and, therefore, are highly recommended.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.774-786
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure home health resource utilization using a Case-Mix Adjustor Model developed in the U.S. Method: The subjects of this study were 484 patients who had received home health care more than 4 visits during a 60-day episode at 31 home health care institutions. Data on the 484 patients had to be merged onto a. 60-day payment segment. Based on the results, the researcher classified home health resource groups (HHRG). Result: The subjects were classified into 34 HHRGs in Korea. Home health resource utilization according to clinical severity was in order of Minimum (C0) < 'Low (Cl) < 'Moderate (C2) < 'High (C3), according to dependency in daily activities was in order of Minimum (F0) < 'High (F3) < 'Medium (F2) < 'Low (Fl) < 'Maximum (F4). Resource utilization by HHRGs was the highest 564,735 won in group C0F0S2 (clinical severity minimum, dependency in daily activity minimum, service utilization moderate), and the lowest 97,000 won in group C2F3S1, so the former was 5.82 times higher than the latter. Conclusion: Resource utilization in home health care has become an issue of concern due to rising costs for home health care. The results suggest the need for more analytical attention on the utilization and expenditures for home care using a Case-Mix Adjustor Model.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.229-254
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• 2011

In this paper, we decomposed Greenhouse-Gas emissions of Korea's manufacturing industry using LMDI (Log Mean Divisia Index) method. Changes in $CO_2$ emissions from 1991 to 2007 studied in 5 different factors, industrial production (production effect), industry production mix (structure effect), sectoral energy intensity (intensity effect), sectoral energy mix (energy-mix effect), and $CO_2$ emission factors (emission-factor effect). By results, the structure effect and intensity effect has a role of reducing GHG emissions and The role of structure effect was bigger than intensity effect. The energy mix effect increased GHG emissions and emission-factor effect decreased GHG emissions. By time series analysis, IMF regime affected the GHG emission pattern. the structure effect and intensity effect in that regime was getting worse. After 2000, in the high oil price period, the structure effect and intensity effect is getting better.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.195-200
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• 2009

This study aims to speculate the development of sponsors of social welfare facilities through marketing mix. This is the time when the logics of economy is applied for the area of social welfare. Since July 2008 when the long-term care insurance system for the elderly executed, a number of social welfare facilities which depend on governmental budget have competed for various resources, but most of them have still had serious financial difficulties. As a supplementary method to overcome the financial problem, we have to develop how to excavate and manage sponsors who fit for conditions of the facilities to secure financial resources. To develop sponsors of social welfare facilities through marketing mix in this aspect, this study is to present strategic methods for sponsor development in seven factors developed by Fine(1992): product, price, promotion, place, producer, purchaser, and probing.