• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.65-66
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• 2004

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5333-5338
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• 2012

Vitamin B6 functions as a coenzyme in >140 enzymatic reactions involved in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, neurotransmitters, and lipids. It comprises a group of three related 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyrimidine derivatives: pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxamine (PM) and their phosphorylated derivatives [pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP)], In the folate metabolism pathway, PLP is a cofactor for the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isozymes of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2 and SHMT1), the P-protein of the glycine cleavage system, cystathionine ${\beta}$-synthase (CBS) and ${\gamma}$-cystathionase, and betaine hydroxymethyltransferase (BHMT), all of which contribute to homocysteine metabolism either through folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism or the transsulfuration pathway. Folate cofactors carry and chemically activate single carbons for the synthesis of purines, thymidylate and methionine. So the evidence indicates that vitamin B6 plays an important role in maintenance of the genome, epigenetic stability and homocysteine metabolism. This article focuses on studies of strand breaks, micronuclei, or chromosomal aberrations regarding protective effects of vitamin B6, and probes whether it is folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism or the transsulfuration pathway for vitamin B6 which plays critical roles in prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 1988

Mitochondrial DNAs of two Mdh allelotypes of the dark chub, Z. temmincki inhabiting in Korean fresh water, were analysed. Samples of each type were collected from four populations, and the fragment patterns for mtdNA of each type were explained from 7 of the eleven restriction enzymes with hexanucleotide recognition site. Genome size was approximately 16.7 kilobases. The highly typical mtdNA fragments of each type were discovered in digestion profiles produced by Eco RI and Pst I enzyrnes. The comparisons of restriction fragment patterns and relative digestion maps permitted the estimation of fragment homology (F) and nucleotide sequence divergence(p). Between the two identical types, sequence divergence(p) was 0.128(MS), and 0.045(MM), ; between the two different types, 0.195 (range 0.177-0.226). These result may provide a distinct difference more than the value derived from allozyrne analysis, and a powerful new molecular approach for assessing genetic-evolutionary relationship among fishes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.631-639
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• 2016

China has a long history of sheep (Ovis aries [O. aries]) breeding and an abundance of sheep genetic resources. Knowledge of the complete O. aries mitogenome should facilitate the study of the evolutionary history of the species. Therefore, the complete mitogenome of O. aries was sequenced and annotated. In order to characterize the mitogenomes of 3 Chinese sheep breeds (Altay sheep [AL], Shandong large-tailed sheep [SD], and small-tailed Hulun Buir sheep [sHL]), 19 sets of primers were employed to amplify contiguous, overlapping segments of the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of each breed. The sizes of the complete mitochondrial genomes of the sHL, AL, and SD breeds were 16,617 bp, 16,613 bp, and 16,613 bp, respectively. The mitochondrial genomes were deposited in the GenBank database with accession numbers KP702285 (AL sheep), KP981378 (SD sheep), and KP981380 (sHL sheep) respectively. The organization of the 3 analyzed sheep mitochondrial genomes was similar, with each consisting of 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 control region (D-loop). The NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) and 8 tRNA genes were encoded on the light strand, whereas the rest of the mitochondrial genes were encoded on the heavy strand. The nucleotide skewness of the coding strands of the 3 analyzed mitogenomes was biased toward A and T. We constructed a phylogenetic tree using the complete mitogenomes of each type of sheep to allow us to understand the genetic relationships between Chinese breeds of O. aries and those developed and utilized in other countries. Our findings provide important information regarding the O. aries mitogenome and the evolutionary history of O. aries inside and outside China. In addition, our results provide a foundation for further exploration of the taxonomic status of O. aries.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.239-243
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• 2013

Tigers are one of the most endangered species over the world and protected internationally or locally. However, they are still traded illegally for the Traditional East Asia Medicine or souvenirs / mementos as well as fake products. In the present study, to identify the species of the specimen known as the tiger's genitalia that was sold for mementos in China, two approaches of genetic tools and morphological comparisons were applied. On the basis of the entire sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1,140 bp), the result of nucleotide comparisons showed that the specimen examined here is matched with banteng, Bos javanicus (Identities = 1,138/1,140; 99%). In addition, the examination of external morphological characters revealed that the genitalia of the specimen is much more similar to the one of cows, not to tigers. The outcomes highlighted that there are still some fake products of tigers traded in market and molecular genetic tools could help identifying species of wildlife products.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.351-357
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• 2007

Regions (about 3.7-3.8 kb) of the mitochondrial genomes (rrnL-cox1) of two tardigrades, a heterotardigrade, Batillipes pennaki, and a eutardigrade, Pseudobiotus spinifer, were sequenced and characterized. The gene order in Batillipes was $\underline{rrnL}-\underline{V}-\underline{rrnS}-\underline{Q}-\underline{I}$-M-nad2-W-$\underline{C}-\underline{Y}$-cox1, and in Pseudobiotus it was $\underline{rrnL}-\underline{V}-\underline{rrnS}-\underline{Q}$-M-nad2-W-$\underline{C}-\underline{Y}$-cox1. With the exception of the trnI gene, the two tardigrade regions have the same gene content and order. Their gene orders are strikingly similar to that of the chelicerate Limulus polyphemus (rrnL-V-rrnS-CR-I-Q-M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1), which is considered to be ancestral for arthropods. Although the tardigrades do not have a distinct control region (CR) within this segment, the trnI gene in Pseudobiotus is located between rrnL-trnL1 and trnL2-nad1, and the trnI gene in Batillipes is located between trnQ and trnM. In addition, the 106-bp region between trnQ and trnM in Batillipes not only contains two plausible trnI genes with opposite orientations, but also exhibits some CR-like characteristics. The mitochondrial gene arrangements of 183 other protostomes were compared. 60 (52.2%) of the 115 arthropods examined have the M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1 arrangement, and 88 (76.5%) the M-nad2-W arrangement, as found in the tardigrades. In contrast, no such arrangement was seen in the 70 non-arthropod protostomes studied. These are the first non-sequence molecular data that support the close relationship of tardigrades and arthropods.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.384-396
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• 2014

Vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) are determined for many fungi to test for the ability of fungal isolates to undergo heterokaryon formation. In several fungal plant pathogens, isolates belonging to a VCG have been shown to share significantly higher genetic similarity than those of different VCGs. In this study we sought to examine the relationship between VCG and genetic similarity of an important cool season turfgrass pathogen, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Twenty-two S. homoeocarpa isolates from the Midwest and Eastern US, which were previously characterized in several studies, were all evaluated for VCG using an improved nit mutant assay. These isolates were also genotyped using 19 microsatellites developed from partial genome sequence of S. homoeocarpa. Additionally, partial sequences of mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase II and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rRNA, and the atp6-rns intergenic spacer, were generated for isolates from each nit mutant VCG to determine if mitochondrial haplotypes differed among VCGs. Of the 22 isolates screened, 15 were amenable to the nit mutant VCG assay and were grouped into six VCGs. The 19 microsatellites gave 57 alleles for this set. Unweighted pair group methods with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) tree of binary microsatellite data were used to produce a dendrogram of the isolate genotypes based on microsatellite alleles, which showed high genetic similarity of nit mutant VCGs. Analysis of molecular variance of microsatellite data demonstrates that the current nit mutant VCGs explain the microsatellite genotypic variation among isolates better than the previous nit mutant VCGs or the conventionally determined VCGs. Mitochondrial sequences were identical among all isolates, suggesting that this marker type may not be informative for US populations of S. homoeocarpa.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1998

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of a DNA has been a useful tool for analyzing genetic variation. This research was performed to establish an RFLP analytic method on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner). To do this, total size of the mtDNA was measured and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were selected. Its mitochondrial genome size was ca. 16kb. From a serial PCR test of 29 primers refered to the compilation of Simon et al. (1994), 22 primers were selected to amplify its mtDNA fragments. These primers resulted in short (300-700 bp) or long (1000-2000 bp) DNA products which represented a total or partial sequence of each of CO-I, CO-11, Cyt-B, ND-1, 12s rRNA, 16s rRNA, and some tRNAs. PCR-RFLP was performed in some variable mtDNA regions with 8 kinds of 4bp recognizing restriction enzymes. Different populations from Andong, Kyungsan, and Sunchun did not show any restriction site polymorphisms but had some length variation in certain regions of mtDNA.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

Mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) sequence analysis has been a useful tool for species identification of animals and human individuals. Two hypervariable regions (HV1 and HV2) in control region of mitochondrial genome were analyzed for human individual identification. In case of animal species identification, several genes on mt DNA such as cytochrome b (cytb), RNAs, cytochrome oxidases (CO) were used. In this study, co-amplification of HV1 and cytb was carried out in order to check the contamination of animal DNA and to verify the human DNA. The primer sets used in PCR were H15997/L16236 for HV1 and H14724/L15149 for cytb. PCR products for HV1 and cytb were 239 bp and 425 bp, respectively. The appearance of two bands on agarose gel implied the DNA came from human, however the single band of cytb gene represented the non-human animal DNA.