• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.295-301
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• 1999

The nucleotide sequence of a 447 base pair fragment in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the complete sequence of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene, 938 bp, were analyzed to infer inter- and intraspecific genetic relationships of Hyla japonica and H. suweonensis from Korea and H, japonica from Japan. In the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, genetic differentiation among H. japonica populations were 9.62% and 15.66% between H. japonica and H. suweonensis. Based on the Tamura-Nei distance, the level of sequence divergence ranged from 0.45% to 2.75% within Korean H. japonica, while 8.31%-8.87% between Korean and Japanese H. japonica and 11.51%-12.46% between H. japonica and H. suweonensis. In the neigh-bor-joining tree, Korean populations of H. japonica were clustered first at 2.22% and followed by Japanese H. japonica and H. suweonensis at 8.51% and 12.29%, respectively. In mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, genetic differentiation between H. japonica and H. suweonensis nras 7.17% (68 bp) including 7 gaps. Based on Tamura-Nei distance, the level of sequence divergence ranged 3.53% between Korean and Japanese H. japonica and from 4.93% to 5.41% between H. japonica and H. suweonensis. Phenogram pattern of the 12S rRNA gene sequence corresponded with that of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.297-304
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• 2003

Phylogenetic analysis of 31 species representing 12 genera in the family Strigidae (Aves: Strigiformes) including 5 species (Bubo bubo, Otus sunia, O. semitorques, Ninox scutulato, Strix aluco) collected from Korea has been undertaken using nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Maximum likelihood analysis was performed and pairwise genetic distances were calculated with Kimura's two-parameter and p-distance. Among well-aligned 959 bp used for this study, 459 sites were variable and 398 sites were informative for the phylogenetic analysis. The family Strigidae was divided into three subgroups, Clade I (Aegolius), Clade II (Athene, Micrathene, Glaucidium and Surnia) and Clade III (Bubo, Nycteo, Pulsatrix, Strix, Otus, Ptilopsis, and Ninox). Also, two separated subgroups in the genus Otus were confirmed by the geographical distribution.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2000

Genetic relationships among six species of the genus Rana from Korea were investigated by complete nucleotide sequence analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1143 bp). Based on Kimura-2-parameter distance, the interspecific sequence differences of cytochrome b gene within the genus Rana were ranged from 7.83% to 25.00%. The genetic distances were 7.83% between R. nigromaculata and R. plancyi, 8.47% between two types of R. rugosa (type A and B), 10.42% between the brown frogs (R. amurensis and R. dybowskii), 16.11% between R. dybowskii types 1 and 2 and 12.36% between pond frogs (R. nigromaculata and R. plancyi) and R. catesbeiana. In the neighbor-joining and parsimony trees, R. catesbeiana was more closely related to pond frogs than brown frogs. R. dybowskii types 1 and 2 were considered to be at a distinct and specific level of differentiation (16.11%), while two types of R. rugosa were suspected to be at a subspecific level (8.47%).

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.87-89
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• 2006

The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the Korean subspecies (Falco tinnunculus interstinctus) of the common kestrel has been analyzed. According to the molecular phylogeny of six subspecies of common kestrel, six subspecies of the common kestrel were divided into two clades: the first clade is composed of the South African subspecies (F. t. rupicolus) and the second clade includes 5 subspecies (F. t. tinnunculus, F. t. rufescens, F. t. interstinctus, F. t. canariensis and F. t. dacotiae) of the common kestrel. Korean subspecies, F. t. interstinctus was closely related to F. t. rufescens and original subspecies F. t. tinnunculus.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2000

Phylogenetic relationships between 8 species Korean loaches (Cobitidae) were investigated by comparing mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. However our results are in accordance with finding observed using other morphological studies, new interesting interspecific variation in Korean loaches were found. Orthrias and Lefua appeared to be paraphyletic in Cobitidae observed. Their sequence divergence value was agreed with interfamilic sequence divergences between Cobitidae and Cyprinidae ranged from 0.184 to 0.272. Otherwise, the present results support that two species of Iksookimia and Cobitis melanoleuca were early diverged respectively. And another remarkable result was sequence divergence between Misgurnus anguillicaudatus from China and M. anguillicaudatus from Yongdok, Korea. That was 0.099, which was interspecific value. Also the phylogenetic location of some Iksookimia species was suggested as the cobitid intergeneric hybrid origin.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

The Gold-spotted pond frog, Rana plancyi chosenica, designated as a vulnerable species by IUCN Red list. This species is a typical example facing local population threats and extinction due to human activities in South Korea. A strategic conservation plan for this endangered species is urgently needed. In order to provide information for future conservation planning, accurate information on the genetic diversity and taxonomic status is needed for the establishment of conservation units for this species. In this study, we used a molecular genetic approach using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and control region sequences to find the genetic diversity of gold-spotted pond frogs within South Korea. We sequenced the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene and control region of 77 individuals from 11 populations in South Korea, and one from Chongqing, China. A total of 15 cytochrome b gene haplotypes and 34 control region haplotypes were identified from Korean gold-spotted pond frogs. Mean sequence diversity among Korean gold-spotted pond frogs was 0.31% (0.0-0.8%) and 0.51% (0.0-1.0%), respectively. Most Korean populations had at least one unique haplotype for each locus. The Taean, Ansan and Cheongwon populations had no haplotypes shared with other populations. There was a sequence divergence between Korean and Chinese gold-spotted pond frogs (1.3% for cyt b; 2.9% for control region). Analysis of genetic distances and phylogenetic trees based on both cytochrome b and control region sequences indicate that the Korean gold-spotted pond frog are genetically differentiated from those in China.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 2010

Nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 19 leopard cats (Prionailurus bangalensis euptilura) obtained from Seoul grand park zoo in South Korea were determined for analysing genetic diversity. In the leopard cats, 3 haplotypes of the partial cytochrome b sequences (603 base-pairs, bp) were identified. Haplotypes obtained from those genes showed existences of at least 3 maternal lineages of leopard cats in Korea. Tamura-Nei nucleotide distance among 3 haplotypes were 0.00. Molecular phylogenetic tree showed the similar clustering of haplotypes for genes. Meanwhile, no individual variations within the leopard cats in S. Korea. Genetic surveillance system of leopard cats in S. Korea is warranted for maintaining biological conservation.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 1999

The nucleotide sequences of a 504 bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were analyzed to survey the intraspecific variation of the brown frog, Rana dybowskii, collected from nine populations in South Korea. Comparisons of sequence divergence of the cytochrome b gene suggest that the populations examined are clearly classified into two types (type 1 and type 2), diverged from each other by a high value of 14.3-15.9% sequence divergence. The two types are distributed allopatrically in most populations, but only one population occurs sympatrically. In the Tonghae population, their spawning grounds differ in that type 1 spawns in the puddle and type 2 spawns in the mountain creek. Based on the genetic divergences of the cytochrome b gene sequences, the phylogenetic status of Korean R. dybowskii is elucidated by comparing it with related brown frogs distributed in an area adjacent to the Korean Peninsula. Interspecific sequence divergences among type 1, type 2 and other related brown frog species (Russian R. dybowskii, R. pirica, R. ornativentris, R. chensinensis: 2n=24 chromosomes) used in this study ranged from 11.7 to 16.3%. R. dybowskii in Tsushima is very similar to our type 1 (sequence divergence＝0-1.6%) and R. chensinensis in western China is closest to our type 2 (sequence divergence＝6.8-7.5%).

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2021

South Korea presently harbors less than 800 long-tailed gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus), an endangered species. I report for the first time on the taxonomic status and genetic diversity of the Korean species using non-invasive fecal sampling based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence analyses. To determine the taxonomic status of this species, I reconstructed a consensus neighbor-joining tree and generated a minimum spanning network combining haplotype sequences obtained from feces with a new goral-specific primer set developed using known sequences of the Korean goral and related species (e.g., Russian goral, Chinese goral, Himalayan goral, Japanese serow, etc.). I also examined the genetic diversity of this species. The Korean goral showed only three different haplotypes. The phylogenetic tree and parsimony haplotype network revealed a single cluster of Korean and Russian gorals, separate from related species. Generally, the Korean goral has a relatively low genetic diversity compared with that of other ungulate species (e.g., moose and red deer). I preliminarily showcased the application of non-invasive fecal sampling to the study of genetic characteristics, including the taxonomic status and genetic diversity of gorals, based on mitochondrial DNA. More phylogenetic studies are necessary to ensure the conservation of goral populations throughout South Korea.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.114-117
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• 2001

Cervi Parvum Cornu is widely used as a hemopoietic, tonifying, growth-promoting, cardiotonic, and immuno-modulating agent in Korea. In order to develop the quality control method of Cervi Parvum Cornu by the identification of the biological source or origin, the molecular approach was applied using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and PCR-RFLF (PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis. In the PCR analysis of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and cytochrome b gene regions, no distinctive DNA bands from Cervidae (deer) antlers and Rangifer (reindeer) antlers were observed. However, when the amplified products in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene region were subjected to restriction digestion with TaqI, Cervidae antlers showed an undigested state of 380 by band, differently from two bands of 230 by and 1S0 by from Rangifer antlers. Based on this finding, the base sequences of amplified PCR products in the range of mitochondria) cytochrome b gene from Cervidae antlers and Rangifer antlers were determined and subjected to restriction analysis by various endonucleases. The results showed that antlers from Rangifer species could be simply discriminated with other antlers from 8 Cervidae species (Chinese deer, Russian deer, Hong Kong deer, New Zealand deer, Kazakhstan deer, elk, red deer and Sika deer) by PCR-RFLP analysis using AtuI, HaeIII, HpaII or Sau3AI(MboI) as well as TaqI in the range of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.