• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1995

Mitochondrial DNA has been isolated from Trimorphomyces papilionaceus. By analyzing DNA fragments digested by restriction enzymes, a restriction site map has been constructured. The mtDNA of T. papilionaceus amounts to 48.5 kb in size and is circular in structure. Entire mitochondrial DNA was cloned in E coli plasmids and Northern blot hybridization was done using cloned and subcloned DNAs as probes. Based on hybridization results of mitochondrial RNA transcripts, a transcription map was prepared.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.243-247
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• 1999

Mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms are convenient markers for identifying cytoplasmic variation among plants. We have collected 212 wild soybeans (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc) from all over Korea, and classified mitochondrial genome types based on hybridization patterns in DNA gel-blot analyses using two mitochondrial DNA clones, cox2 and atp6, as probes. Korean wild soybean was classified with eight-mtDNA types, and some of the mtDNAs showed geographical clines among the regions. The diversity index of the mtDNA was much higher in the western and southern regions than in the eastern and northern regions of Korea, respectively. Dissemination and distributive characteristics of wild soybeans in Korea were discussed.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 2008

Morphological classification of echinoid species has many difficulties because of their phenotypic variations. In the present study, we analyzed morphotypes and partial mitochondrial 12S rDNA sequences of four sea urchin species classified as Pseudocentrotus depressus, Anthocidaris crassispina, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and Strongylocentrotus nudus, and unidentified four species collected from the coasts of the East sea. Their genomic DNAs were extracted from gonads and mitochondrial 12S rDNA sequences were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The sequence identities among the known four sea urchin species were 87.4-95.6%. The sequence identities among the unidentified four species were 99.4-99.6% and showed the highest homology to S. intermedius(99.8%). Thus, our phylogenetic tree indicates that the unidentified four species belong to S. intermedius.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.243-247
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• 1994

As a result of the detection of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) polymorphism to Thoroughbred and Percheron using 14 restriction enzymes, mtDNA polymorphism of Cheju horse observed in the Bam HI and Sac I. Only in both restriction enzymes two types were classified as of A type, which is high expression frequency and B type, which is low expression frequency. In the other 12 restriction enzymes mtDNA polymorphism was not detected. On the basis of this information mtDNA polymorphism of Cheju horse was examined but was not observed the polymorphism and only A type was expressed both Bam HI and Sac I restriction enzymes. Through this study Cheju horse was demonstrated that lower genetic variation was expressed from the detection of mtDNA polymorphism.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2017

Background: Telbivudine is a nucleoside analogue used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, but it often develops mitochondrial toxicity leading to symptomatic myopathy. In this study, three patients with telbivudine induced myopathy were enrolled in order to investigate the nature and pathogenesis of mitochondrial toxicity caused by long-term use of telbivudine. Methods: Clinical features, laboratory findings, muscle pathology, and quantitation of mitochondrial DNA were studied in three patients. Results: Patients presented with progressive muscle weakness with high serum creatine kinase levels. Light microscopic findings of muscle pathology showed ragged red fibers that reacted strongly with succinate dehydrogenase stain, but negative for cytochrome c oxidase activities. Electron microscopy revealed abnormal mitochondrial accumulation with rod shaped inclusions. The quantitative peroxidase chain reaction showed a depletion of mitochondrial DNA in skeletal muscle of the patients. Conclusions: Nucleoside analogues including telbivudine are potent inhibitors of viral DNA polymerases. However, they are not specific for viral DNA and can disturb mitochondrial replication at the same time. All nucleotide analogues should be used with close clinical observation in order to avoid development of mitochondrial myopathy.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.114-118
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• 1999

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON) is an optic nerve disease that causes blindness and is associated with maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA) mutations. The most common mitochondrial DNA mutation among LHON patients is a point mutation at the nucleotide 11778 in the subunit 4 of complex I. In one 45-year old male LHON patient with bilateral optic neuropathy. we investigated the presence of a point mutation of mitochondrial DNA and identified a single guanine to adenine transition mutation in the mitochondrial DNA at nucleotide point 11778.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.296-300
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• 2004

We investigated feasibility of using the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue to study mitochondrial mutations in the case that fresh or frozen tissue, or blood samples are not available. Four paraffin blocks of muscle biopsies in Korean MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) patients were chosen. Total DNA was extracted from these blocks for PCR/RFLP analysis, and sequencing was performed to study the most common mutation, A to G transition at nucleotide position 3243 underlying MELAS in the mitochondrial tRN $A^{Leu(UUR)}$ gene. We could identify the A to G mutation at nt.3243 in three MELAS patients. Our results show that the mitochondrial genome of our paraffin blocks is presumably in good condition. Our results are in accordance with the previous findings by other investigators that PCR allows molecular genetic analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues stored in most histopathology laboratories.s.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.188-195
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• 2000

Objective : Essential tremor(ET) is the most common movement disorder, however, there has been little agreement in the neurologic literature regarding diagnostic criteria for ET. Familial ET is an autosomal dominant disorder presenting as an isolated postural tremor. The main feature of ET is postural tremor of the arms with later involvement of the head, voice, or legs. In previous studies, it was reported that ET susceptibility was inherited in an autosomal dominant inheritance. As previous results, it would suggest that ET might be associated with defect of mitochondrial or nuclear DNA. Recent studies are focusing on molecular genetic detection of movement disorders, such as essential tremor and restless legs syndrome. Moreover, authors have analysed mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) from the blood cell of positive control(PC) and ET patients via long and accurate polymerase chain reaction(LA PCR). Materials & Methods : Blood samples were collected from PC and 9 ET patients. Total DNA was extracted twice with phenol followed by chloroform : isoamylalcohol. For the analysis of mtDNA, LA PCR was performed by mitochondrial specific primers. Results : With this technique, deletions of large quantities were detected within several regions of mtDNA in ET patients except for D-loop and CO I regions. Conclusion : The authors believe that ET is a genentic disorder with deficiency of mitochondrial DNA multicomplexes and mitochondiral dysfunction could be one of major causative factors of ET. Mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis and possibility of disease progression among familial group with ET patients.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2016

Mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process requiring coordinated expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-$1{\alpha}$) is a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and it controls mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication within diverse tissues, including muscle tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on mtDNA copy number and PGC-$1{\alpha}$ promoter activity in $C_2C_{12}$ muscle cells. mtDNA copy number and mRNA levels of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis such as PGC-$1{\alpha}$, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. The PGC-$1{\alpha}$ promoter from -970 to +412 bp was subcloned into the pGL3-basic vector, which includes a luciferase reporter gene. Both EPA and DHA significantly increased mtDNA copy number, dose and time dependently, and up-regulated mRNA levels of PGC-$1{\alpha}$, NRF1, and Tfam. Furthermore, EPA and DHA stimulated PGC-$1{\alpha}$ promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that EPA and DHA may modulate mitochondrial biogenesis, which was partially associated with increased mtDNA replication and PGC-$1{\alpha}$ gene expression in $C_2C_{12}$ muscle cells.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 1994

Five strains of Pleurotus sajor-caju were collected from some countries including India and Papua New Guinea. Four strains produced brown fruitbody but the other strain from Papua New Guinea produced white fruitbody. Monokaryons obtained from both strains producing brown fruitbody and white fruitbody were mated each other. They showed different mating types such as brown strain of $A_1A_2B_1B_2$ and white strain of $A_3A_4B_3B_4$. DNAs were isolated from mycelia of five strains of P. sajor-caju. Mitochondrial DNA was seperated from nuclear DNA by bisbenzimide-CsCl ultracentrifugation. Digestion of the fungal mitochondrial DNA with Eco RI restriction endonuclease yielded from ten to fourteen fragments. Two strains of the five strains showed different restriction pattern of mitochondrial DNA from the other three strains. Summation of the fragment sizes gave a mitochondrial DNA size of about 60 to 65kb.