• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2020

Adults of seven noctuid potential pests (Spodoptera frugiperda, S. litura, S. exigua, Ctenoplusia agnata, Mythimna loreyi, Athetis dissimilis, and A. lepigone) of soybean and maize in Suwon, Korea were identified by their morphological characteristics in the wing pattern and male genitalia and partial mitochondrial DNA sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. The generation number of adults that emerge annually in six species (except A. lepigone) was estimated from the data on density fluctuations of adults caught in sex pheromone traps in 2019 and the forecasted data using temperature-associated development and reproduction models for those species. S. frugiperda adults were caught from July 27th to October 31st in 2019, and hence were initially estimated to emerge three times per year. But, it was finally expected that S. frugiperda adults could possibly emerge a total of four times per year in Suwon, considering larval emergence observed during mid- and late June in other areas. Adult emergence of S. litura, S. exigua, C. agnata, and M. loreyi in 2019 was observed from May 29th to November 6th, from May 14th to November 6th, from May 26th to October 25th, and from May 31st to November 23rd, respectively. Annual adult emergence of these four species was estimated as at least four times. Adults of A. dissimilis were caught from May 26th to September 11th in 2019, and adult emergence was estimated at only twice per annum. It was postulated that the first adult populations of five species except the two Athetis species were probably migrated from other areas.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 1994

Background: It is well known that oxygen free radicals(OFR) play a vital role in the various type of acute lung injury. Among various antioxidant defense mechanisms, the superoxide dismutases(SOD) are thought to be the first line of antioxidant defense by catalyzing the dismutation of two superoxide radicals to yield hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Eukaryotic cells contain two types of intracellular SOD : cytosolic, dimeric copper/zinc- containing enzyme(CuZnSOD) and mitochondrial, tetrameric manganese-containing enzyme(MnSOD). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the time-dependent gene expression of MnSOD and CuZnSOD in the endotoxin-treated rats, and to compare with the manifestations of LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats. Methods: Total RNA from rat lung was isolated using single step phenol extraction 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24 hours after E. coli endotoxin injection(n=3, respectively). RNA was separated by formaldehyde-containing 1.2% agarose gels elctrophoresis, transblotted, baked, prehybridized, and hybridized with $^{32}P$-labeled cDNA probes for rat MnSOD and CuZnSOD, which were kindly donated by Dr. Ho(Duke University, Durham, NC, USA). The probes were labeled by nick translation. Blots were washed and autoradiography were quantitated using laser densitometry. Equivalent amounts of total RNA/gel were assessed by monitoring 28S and 18S rRNA. Results: Endotoxin caused a rise in steady-state MnSOD mRNA levels by 4h with peak mRNA accumulation by 6h. Continued MnSOD mRNA expression was observed at 12h. CuZnSOD mRNA expression was observed from 1h to 24h with peak levels by 18h. Conclusion: These results suggest that SOD palys an important defensive role in the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.522-534
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• 1995

Background: In the pathogenesis of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), oxygen radiclls are known to be involved in one part. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) protects oxygen radical-induced tissue damage by dismutating superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. In eukaryotic cells, two forms of SOD exist intracellularly as a cytosolic, dimeric copper/zinc-containing SOD(CuZnSOD) and a mitochondrial, tetrameric manganese-containing SOD(MnSOD). But there has been little information about SOD gene expression and its regulation in pulmonary alveolar macrophages(PAMs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the SOD gene expression induced by LPS and its regulation in PAMs of rat. Method: In Sprague-Dawley rats, PAMs obtained by broncholaveolar lavage were purified by adherence to plastic plate. To study the effect of LPS on the SOD gene expression of PAMs, they were stimulated with different doses of LPS($0.01{\mu}g/ml{\sim}10{\mu}g/ml$) and for different intervals(0, 2, 4, 8, 24hrs). Also for evaluating the level of SOD gene regulation actinomycin D(AD) or cycloheximide(CHX) were added respectively. To assess whether LPS altered SOD mRNA stability, the rate of mRNA decay was determined in control group and LPS-treated group. Total cellular RNA extraction by guanidinium thiocyanate/phenolfchlorofonn method and Northern blot analysis by using a $^{32}P$-labelled rat MnSOD and CuZnSOD cDNAs were performed. Results: The expression of mRNA in MnSOD increased dose-dependently, but not in CuZnSOD. MnSOD mRNA expression peaked at 8 hours after LPS treatment. Upregulation of MnSOD mRNA expression induced by LPS was suppressed by adding AD or CHX respectively. MnSOD mRNA stability was not altered by LPS. Conclusion: These findings show that PAMs of rat could be an important source of SOD in response to LPS, and suggest that their MnSOD mRNA expression may be regulated transcriptionally and require de novo protein synthesis without affecting mRNA stability.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.616-624
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• 2020

International trade is one of the primary ways that non-native species spread worldwide. Korea and China are geographically close and have a large mutual trade volume. To investigate the population movement of the invasive whitefly(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) between the two countries, we compared the biotype distribution, insecticidal response, and the TYLCV(tomato yellow leaf curl virus) viruliferous rate of local populations collected in 2019. Based on the mitochondrial DNA COI sequences of B. tabaci, only the Q biotype was found in all populations in Korea, whereas the B biotype (14.3%) and Q biotype (85.7%) were found in China. In the haplotype composition of the B. tabaci Q biotype, only the Q1 group[Q1H1(79.8%) and Q1H2(20.2%)] was observed in China, but the Q1 group [Q1H1(1.7%) and Q1H2(97.5%)] and the Q2 group(only one individual) were found in Korea. The Korean populations showed high mortality(more than 80%) from 15 commercial insecticides, but the Chinese populations showed significantly low mortality from eight insecticides. No TYLCV infections were observed in the Korean populations while the average TYLCV viruliferous rate was 21.4% in the Chinese populations. Taken together, the results suggest that the population structures of B. tabaci in the two countries are different and may have different immigration histories.