• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 1980

The ultrastructures of the mucous glands in the Asiatic land salamander (Hynobius leechi) skin were observed by means of electron microscope. The results were as follows; 1. The mucous gland of the Asiatic land salamander skin consisted of a body of gland and a duct. The body of gland consisted of the glandular epithelial and the myoepithelial cells. 2. The light, the dark, the mitochondria-rich, the endoplasmic reticulum-developed, the secretory granule-containing and the vesiculated cells were observed in the mucous glandular epithelium. 3. It is supposed that the light, the dark and the mitochondria-rich cells are undifferentiated cells, the endoplasmic reticulum-developed cell is pre-secretory cell, the secretory granule-containing cell is mature cell and the vesiculated cell is evacuated cell.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2011

Gill morphology and ultrastructure of the spiny top shell, Batillus cornutus were described using light and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The spiny top shell, Batillus cornutus has bipectinate gill. The epithelial layer of gill filament was simple and composed of columnar epithelium, ciliated cell, mitochondria-rich cell and secretory cell. Microvilli were well-developed on the free surface of columnar epithelial cell. The epithelial cells are connected to the neighboring cells with intercelluar junctions at the apico-lateral surface. The cilia and microvilli were commonly observed on the free surface of ciliated cell. Tubular mitochondria appeared in the apical cytoplasm, and connected ciliary rootlet. Mitochondria-rich cells contained a oval-shaped nucleus in the basal area. And majority of cytoplasm was occupied by well-developed mitochondria. Result of AB-PAS (pH 2.5) and AF-AB reaction showed that secretory cells contained mainly acidic carboxylated mucosubstances. Secretory cells are unicellular glands and can be divided into four types (A, B, C and D) depending on the cell shape and ultrastructure of secretory granules.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2004

Integumentary structures of the rockfish, Sebastiscus tertius were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscopy. Stratified epidermal layer consists of supporting cells, unicellular glands, granular cells and mitochondria-rich cells. The epidermal layer could be classified into superficial, intermediate and basal layer by morphology and structure of the supporting cells. Mucous cells of unicellular gland were observed in the superficial and intermediate layer of the epidermis. The mucous materials were identified as acidic and carboxylated mucosubstance by histochemical methods. Club cell has well-developed central vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi complex in the cytoplasm. Granular cells were observed in the superficial layer and contained numerous granules of high electron density. Mitochondria-rich cells are characterized by well-developed microfilaments in cortex and numerous tubular mitochondria in medullar cytoplasm. Three types of pigment cells in the dermal layer could be distinguished with electron density of cytoplasmic inclusions.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 1998

The glandular secretory system of the capitate gandular trichomes in leaf of Thymus quinquecostatus Celakovsky was examined by transmission electron microscope. The glandular trichome was consisted of three cell layers; an basal cell layer, a stalk cell with single-celled intermediate layer and a discoid secretory layer with thickened cuticle. The secretory cell was dense, rich in mitochondria, rER, plastds, Golgi complex and had many vesicular structure. Typical plastids with reticulate body and plastoglobule were present in glandular trichome. The tytoplasm of secretory cell was filled with osmiophilic secretory materials. The secretory vesicles, originated from Golgi complex, appeared as membrane bounded vesicles and secreted to the outer wall surface. The presences of well developed rER, mitochondria, Golgi complex, and membrane-bounded vesicles fused with plasmalemma in the secreting cells indicate that the granulocrine mechanism of secretion was occurring in T. quinquecostatus. Subcuticular cavity was developed between the cuticular layer and the secretory cell wall, and it formed above the secretory cell upon separation of cuticle-wall.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1992

Parenchyma of the cat pineal body consisted of pinealocytes and glial cells. The pinealocyte, predominant cell type, was characterized by having large mitochondria with pale matrix, abundant polyribosomes, moderately-developed Golgi apparatus, centrioles and occasional cilia. The pinealocyte had one thick and long cytoplasmic process at the one pole of the cell, and slender and shorter processes at the other pole, and in addition occasional short processes from the cell body. These processes contained longitudinally arranged microtubules, and a few mitochondria. Thick processes teminated as bulgings either in the intercellular process-rich area, or in the perivascular border which was formed by glial cell processes. These endings of pinealocyte processes had many small vesicles, mitochondria, and occasional dense bodies. Glial cells with abundant filaments of intermediate type and clear cytoplasmic matrix were fibrous astrocyte. Perikarya of the astrocytes had small and dense mitochondria, moderately developed Golgi apparatus, dense bodies and variable amount of intermediate filaments. Glial cell processes run through the intercellular spaces among the pinealocyte processes. Glial cell of protoplasmic type had no or a few filaments, but it had well-organized rough endoplasmic reticulum, dense mitochondria, well developed Golgi apparatus and many dense granules. Intercellular canaliculi formed by adjacent pinealocytes and glial cell processes were often noted. Within the parenchyma, sympathetic and parasympathetic axons and their endings were noted. These endings were present mostly in the intercellular spaces without having membrane specialization, however, in rare instances, ending with small clear and dense cored vesicles, and large dense cored vesicles formed specialized synapse with a pinealocyte process. Within the perivascular spaces nerve fibers and endings, Schwann cells and pericyte were noted. In rare case pinealocyte process penetrated into the perivascular space through the interuptions of glial border. These results suggest that pinealocyte of the cat has less significance in secretory function and is rather neural type of cell.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.86-95
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• 1995

This study was accomplished to investigate the ultrastructure of mucous glands in dorsal skin of frog (Rana catesbeiana) by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The dorsal skin of Rana catesbeiana is composed of epidermis and dermis. The cutaneous mucous glands consist of inner glandular epithelial cells and outer myoepithelial cells. Glandular epithelial cells are divided into four types by the microscopic ultrastructure; ER-rich cell, round secretory granule-containing cell, foam-like granule mass-containing cell, mitochondria-rich cell. Myoepithelial cell has a long elliptical nucleus and filled with fibrous materials in the cytoplasm. As a result of scanning microscopic observation, the surface of dorsal skin is covered with cutaneous protrusions. The opening sites of the mucous glands are irregularly distributed in dorsal skin.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1984

The nematode-trapping process by Arthrobotrys conoides was investigated with the aid of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 1. A. conoides captures nematode by means of three-dimensional network. 2. The wall of trap cell was thicker than that of vegetative hypha and the trap cell was more rich in cell organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and electrondense granule. 3. The electron-dense granule, which could be found only in trap organs, gradually disappeared during its penetration into nematode cuticle. 4. The osmiophilic area was found at adhering site between the trap organ and nematode cuticle. 5. In some cases, any appressorium was not found at the site of penetration. 6. When the fungal-nematode culture was conserved for 2~3 weeks, numerous young nematodes were found to be adhered to spores, resulting in death.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2008

Cytochrome-c-oxidase in mitochondria membrane is one of the most important factors for energy generation in the cell. As well as it is electron transfer enzyme, it is also heavily related to the apoptosis and other pathologic conditions. Meanwhile, porin is a protein located in inner and outer membranes of mitochondria, which is assumed to be functionally correlated with cytochrome-c-oxidase. It functions as forming electron transfer chain and conveying ATP. Therefore, using the immune-microscopy, It compared the distribution of cytochrome-c-oxidase and porin to figure out the formation and changes on cytochrome-c-oxidase in mitochondrial cristae. The sarcroplasm of cardic muscle tissue has many mitochondria. They are classified into two groups: the mitochondria with many cytochrome-c-oxidase and the mitochondria with only porins. The mitochondria with porins had few cytochrome-c-oxidases in their membrane; in contrast, the other mitochondria with rich cytochrome-c-oxidase had few porins in their walls. In addition, according to the location of the tissue in bovine heart, distribution of those kind of mitochondria had been clearly separated. As a result, it could be assumed that immature mitochondria has many porins to transfer the protein materials from sarcroplasm through the porins, and they made cytochrome-c-oxidase until it is enough, and then they decreased the porin and maintained minimum number of the porin.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 1995

담수에서 해수로 이동하는 동안 환경의 변화에 적응하는 표피의 점액세포와 곤봉상세포의 구조적 기능적 적응기작을 연구하기 위하여 성숙한 뱀장어를 이용하여 본 실험을 행하였다. 높은 염농도로 외부환경이 변화함에 따라 뱀장어의 점액세포와 곤봉상세 포에서 능동적으로 대응하는 여러 현상들이 나타났다 포피전층에 점액세포의 수가 증가하였으며, 점액세포내에서의 세포소기 관이 활성화 되어 활발히 표피외분비를 하는 것이 관찰되었으며, 기저상피세포층과의 경계부위에서 나타나는 미성숙형 점액세포가 성숙형으로 바뀌는 현상이 나타나는 것으로 보아 표피의 점액질량을 증가시키는 것을 알 수 있었다 그리고 곤봉상세포에서도 염분증가에 따라 세포소기 관의 발달을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 중심포에서의 전자염색성의 변화와 함께 집합소포의 수가 증가하며, 중심포가 세분화되어 크기가 작아지는 현상을 관찰하고 그 기능적 의의에 대하여 논의하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 1995

뱀장어, Anguilla joponicu의 표피를 구성하는 주종 세포인 상피세포는 80남 정도의 많은 당김세사를 함유하고 있어서 표피의 골격 유지에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다 회유행동 특성에 의해. 성숙된 뱀장어는 바다로 나가게 되고 표피는 급격한 환경변화를 서게 되는데 그 현상들을 살펴보면 먼저 상해반응으로 세포 내의 파립 형질내세망의 내강이 확장되는 현상과 다양한 크기의 공포의 증가로 인해 상피세포들 사이의 공간이 확장되며 일부 세포에서는 괴사 또는 변성되는 형태인 다층층판구조를 갖기도 한다. 이에 대한 능동적 대처로 부착반쪽으로 모이는 당김세사들이 일정한 방향성을 갖게 되며, 상피세포 사이의 연접부위에 부착반의 수가 증가되며 미토콘드리아. 형질내세망 등 세포소기 관이 발달되고, 분비과립의 증가 등 분비양상이 증가되고, 능동적인 염배출과 연관된 핵상부의 중앙축을 따라 미토콘드리아 및 과립 형질내세망이 풍부한 세포도 나타났다. 이와 같은 변화는 염분농도의 증가에 따른 환경적요인에 의해 일어나는 상피세포의 기능적 방어기작이라고 사료된다.