• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3267-3272
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• 2015

Purpose: To retrospective assess the potential predictors for relapse and create an effective clinical mode for surveillance after orchidectomy in clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell testicular tumors (CSI-NSGCTs). Materials and Methods: We analyzed data for CSI-NSGCTs patients with non-lymphatic vascular invasion, %ECa < 50% (percentage of embryonal carcinoma < 50%), and negative or declining tumor markers to their half-life following orchidectomy (defined as low-risk patients); these patients were recruited from four Chinese centers between January 1999 and October 2013. Patients were divided into active surveillance group and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) group according to different therapeutic methods after radical orchidectomy was performed. The disease-free survival rates (DFSR) and overall survival rates (OSR) of the two groups were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: A total of 121 patients with CSI-NSGCT were collected from four centers, and 81 low-risk patients, including 54 with active surveillance and 27 with RPLND, were enrolled at last. The median follow-up duration was 66.2 (range 6-164) months in the RPLND group and 65.9 (range 8-179) months in the surveillance group. OSR was 100% in active surveillance and RPLND groups, and DFSR was 89.8% and 87.0%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between these two groups ($X_2=0.108$, P=0.743). No significant difference was observed between the patients with a low percentage of embryonal carcinoma (<50%) and those without embryonal carcinoma (87.0% and 91.9%, $X_2=0.154$, P=0.645). No treatment-related complications were observed in the active surveillance group whereas minor and major complications were observed in 13.0% and 26.1% of the RPLND group, respectively. Conclusions: Active surveillance resulted in similar DFSR and OSR compared with RPLND in our trial. Patients with low-risk CSI-NSGCTs could benefit from risk-adapted surveillance after these patients were subjected to radical orchidectomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2011

Background: Selective antegrade perfusion via axillary artery cannulation along with circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia has became a recent trend for performing surgery on the ascending aorta and aortic arch and when direct aortic cannulation is not feasible. The authors of this study tried using moderate hypothermia with right brachial and femoral artery perfusion to complement the pitfalls of single axillary artery cannulation and deep hypothermia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 36 patients who received ascending aorta or aortic arch replacement between July 2005 and May 2010. The adverse outcomes included operative mortality, permanent neurologic dysfunction and temporary neurologic dysfunction. Results: Of these 36 patients, 32 (88%) were treated as emergencies. The mean age of the patients was 61.9 years (ranging from 29 to 79 years) and there were 19 males and 17 females. The principal diagnoses for the operation were acute type A aortic dissection (31, 86%) and aneurysmal disease without aortic dissection (5, 14%). The performed operations were ascending aorta replacement (9, 25%), ascending aorta and hemiarch replacement (13, 36%), ascending aorta and total arch replacement (13, 36%) and total arch replacement only (1, 3%). The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was $209.4{\pm}85.1$ minutes, and the circulatory arrest with selective antegrade perfusion time was $36.1{\pm}24.2$ minutes. The lowest core temperature was $24{\pm}2.1^{\circ}C$. There were five deaths within 30 post-op days (mortality: 13.8%). Two patients (5.5%) had minor neurologic dysfunction and six patients, including three patients who had preoperative cerebral infarction or unconsciousness, had major neurologic dysfunction (16.6%). Conclusion: When direct aortic cannulation is not feasible for ascending aorta and aortic arch replacement, the right brachial and femoral artery can be used as arterial perfusion routes with the patient under moderate hypothermia. This technique resulted in acceptable outcomes.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2004

This paper is mainly on the rsearch of the prescriptions of "Sanbeon-bang(刪 繁方)". For the research of prescription, investigated "Sanbeon-bang" from the side of symptoms of a disease, number of drugstuffs, table of contents, drugstuffs and acupuncture and moxibustion. With these investigation, made out a few tables, and with these tables made an attempt to understand the whole prescriptions of "Sanbeon-bang". "Sanbeon-bang" is of rich contents in internal medicine. Among internal medicine, related to Oro-Yukgeuk-Chilsang(五勞-六極-七傷) was most abundant. So we can guess "Sanbeon-bang" was a medical book specialized in exhaustion syndromes. It also deals with the Samcho-syndromes, as investigate from medical comments, has the perfect system of prescription in relative. From the investigation of the combination of drugstuffs, ascertained that, the number of simple prescription composed of one drugstuff was 38, combinational prescription composed of two drugstuffs was 9, minor prescription composed of three to five drugstuffs was 47, midum prescription composed of six to ten drugstuffs was 95, major prescription composed of eleven to twenty drugstuffs was 45, and mixed prescription composed over twenty drugstuffs was 1. Mentionable unique prescriptions in internal use were the forms of keeping in mouth. In external use they were fumigants, suppositories, powdered medicines, spraying the granular medication into the nasal cavity and eyedrops. And were abundant in soft extract(ointment) and plaster. In addition, there were the recordings of 18 types of cellulitis, types of incurable cellulitis and curing an illness by a charm. By the way, when comparing "Sanbeon-bang" with "Cheongeum-bang", all of which was quoted a lot in "Oedaebiyo-bang", "Cheongeum-bang" rather took medical comments of "Sanbeon-bang" than prescription. Although there were some prescriptons in "Sanbeon-bang" at the same category, "Cheongeum-bang" took another prescriptions which are more complexed than those of "Sanbeon-bang". In the same way, when comparing "Cheongeum-bang" with "Sonjinin-Cheongeum-bang(孫眞人千金方)", which didn't go through the correction of GyojeongUiseoguk of Bug-Song goverment, "Cheongeum-bang" often didn't take the prescriptions of "Sonjinin-Cheongeum-bang". Hence we can guess, "Cheongeumyo-bang" may have added a lot of prescriptions when undergoing the correction of of GyojeongUiseoguk. The total number of species of drugstuffs in "Sanbeon-bang" from the investigation was 284. The plant drugs were 208 species, the animal were 31 species, the minerals were 19 species and the other were 26 species. The prescriptions related to acupuncture and moxibustion in "Sanbeon-bang" were only moxibustional prescriptions. Which appeared one time per exhaustion and steaming of bone syndrome, Oro-Yukgeuk-Chilsang and Samcho syndrome. Appeared six times in muscle syndromes. But I cannot imagine the original form of acupuncture and moxibustion in "Sanbeon-bang" for deficiency of data.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1981

The objective of the study is to measure the changes in measles infection and measles vaccination rates for the past 10 years in a rural area, Kang Wha. The study population were the entire children who were born between 1971 and 1950 in three townships (Sunwon, Naegae, Buleun) in Kangwha County. Two interview surveys were carried out during the 10 years of period, one in 1977 and the other in 1981. The data were collected by Family Health Workers through interview with structured questionnaires. The diagnosis of measles was mainly based on histories, symptoms and sighs of the disease. If a mother had reported measles history of her child, a public physician reviewed and decided the final diagnosis of the reported case. A retrospective cohort observation was done in order to see the trends of measles infections and measles vaccinations. The major findings were as follows; 1. The 5 year prevalence rate of measles vaccinations was 51.3% between 1971 and 1975 and 71.9% between 1976 and 1980 respectively. The difference between two periods was statistically significant (P<0.05). The secular trend of measles vaccinations showed increasing tendency from 1971 to 1978 and since then kept maintained. 2. In the birth cohort analysis of measles vaccinations, the vaccination rates, in general, were higher in the later cohort groups than that of earlier cohort groups. 9. The 5-year experience rates for measles infections were 24.3% between 1971 and 1975 and 17.2% between 1976 and 1980 respectively. This difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The secular trend of experience rates for measles infections showed decreasing tendency from 1971 to 1980 except an outbreak in 1976. 4. The birth cohort analysis of experience rates for measles infections showed that the rate was higher in the later cohort groups than that of the earlier cohort groups. This decreasing tendency was prominent between $1973{\sim}1974$ and $1976{\sim}1977$. 5. The distribution of age specific incidence rates for measles infections showed unimodal curve with the peak at the age of 12 to 18 months. This findings were same in both two surveys. 6. Seasonal variations of the measles infections showed two peaks, one major peak in March through May and the another minor peak in September through December. 7. The 5-year reduction rate for measles infections among those vaccinated was 90.4% between 1971 and 1975 and 88% between 1976 and 1980.

• 식물병연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.130-133
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• 2009

Nano-silver 용액의 식물병원성 세균에 대한 항균 활성 검정을 하기 위해 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis를 포함한 10가지 균주를 대상으로 실험을 수행 하였다. Nano-silver용액은 바이오 (주)플러스에서 제공된 WA-CV-WA13B, WA-AT-WB13R과 WA-PR-WB13R용액을 사용하였으며, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm 농도로 nano-silver 용액을 배지에 첨가하여 nano-silver 배지를 제조한 후 실험대상 세균 균주를 72 h 배양 후 생장억제 정도를 관찰하기 위하여 세균의 colony 수를 세었다. 실험 결과, WA-CV-WA13B 용액의 경우 C-1에 대하여 10 ppm에서도 높은 생장 억제 효과를 나타냈고, P-6, X-1, 그리고 X-2에 대해서도 생장억제 효과를 나타냈고, WA-AT-WB13R용액의 경우 10 ppm의 농도에서 P-6에 대하여 살균효과가 나타났다. 10 ppm의 농도에서는 C-1, X-1, 그리고 X-2에 대해서 약간의 생장억제 효과가 관찰 되었다. WA-PR-WB13R용액의 경우 10 ppm 혹은 그이상의 농도가 P-5, P-6, 그리고 X-2 균주에 대하여 살균효과를 나타내었다. 실험에 사용된 3가지 nano-silver 용액 모두 25 ppm 이상에서 모든 실험대상 식물병원성 세균에 대하여 살균효과를 나타내었으며, 이러한 결과는 nano-silver 용액을 식물병원성 세균의 방제제로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주는 결과라고 판된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2002

양기와 음기를 보하는 약재로 알려진 양기석과 음기석 및 연옥에 대한 의료적 활용을 파악하고, 광물학적 특성, 분광학적 및 자기적 특성을 규명하기 위하여 X선 형광분석, X-선 회절분석, 주사전자현미경, 적외선 분광분석, 핵자기 공명분석 및 감응자기력을 실시하였다. 광물성 한약으로 사용되는 양기석은 양기석으로 확인되었으뗘, 연옥은 투각섬석으로 구성되었다. 또한, 음기석은 주로 질석으로 구성되며, 소량의 카올리나이트와 할로이사이트를 함유하였다. 사슬형 규산염 중 각섬석군에 속하는 이들 연옥과 양기석은 유사한 범위의 분광학적 특성을 가지며, 연옥은 4$0^{\circ}C$에서 방사에너지가 큰 반면, 양기석은 15$0^{\circ}C$에서 방사에너지가 크다 음기석은 각섬석군의 광물보다 4$0^{\circ}C$와 15$0^{\circ}C$에서 모두 낮은 방사에너지를 나타내었다. 광물성 한약을 증류수에 20일간 침적한 후에 측정한 NMR분석에서의 선폭은 음기석, 양기석, 연옥의 순으로 감소되나, 80일이 경과한 후의 결과는 음기석, 연옥, 양기석 순으로 감소하였다. 양기석과 음기석은 가열 온도가 높아짐에 따라 감응 자기력 값이 대체적으로 증가하고, 연옥은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 광물별로는 상온과 가열시 모두 음기석, 양기석, 연옥의 순으로 감소하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2000

정상적인 골 조직에서의 성장과는 달리 연부조직에 2차적으로 비정상적인 골 조직이 신생되면서 골화되는 현상을 골화성 근염 또는 화골성 근염이라고 하며, 연부조직에 생긴 골은 가장 안쪽에는 어떤 원인에 의해서 생긴 출혈 또는 괴사 조직의 주위를 섬유모세포가 둘러싸서 생긴 층이 있고, 그 다음으로 골모세포(osteoblasts)로 형성된 미성숙 골조직 충이 있으며, 마지막 주위의 결합조직과 명확한 경계를 이루는 성숙한 골 소주로 구성된 층이 있다. 골화성 근염은 그 원인이 정확히 밝혀지지 않았으나. 혈류의 정체로 인한 저산소증, 비정상적인 칼슘 대사, 미세한 외상의 반복 및 심한 외상, 장기간 고정, 유전적인 원인 등으로 각기 다른 양상의 골화성 근염을 형성할 수 있다. 골화성 근염이라는 단어는 1868년에 Von Dusch에 의해 처음 사용되어 명확한 구분 없이 연부조직에 생긴 비정상 골조직을 일컫는 말로 사용되어져 왔다. 하지만 골화성 근염이라 할지라도 발생 원인과 조직 변화 및 상태 등을 고려한다면 첫째로 선천성 기형과 전신이환을 동반하는 진행성 골화성 근염, 둘째로 신경근과 만성질병, 사지마비, 소아마비, 화상. 다발성 관염 . 파상풍을 가진 환자에게서 발생하는 골화성 근염인 이소성 골화증, 새 번째로 연부조직의 심한 손상 또는 반복적인 손상, 골절, 탈구, 열상 외과적 절개에 대한 부차적인 반응으로 나타나는 외상성 골화성 근염. 네 번째로 위의 세 가지 원인이 아닌 원인으로 발생하는 비외상성 골화성 근염으로 분명히 구분할 수 있다. 때문에 단순히 골화성 근염이란 단어로 연부조직에 생긴 비정상적인 골을 통칭하기보다는 지금까지 언급한 내용을 고려해 보다 구체적인 질환명 즉 골화성 근염이 진행성인지. 이소성인지. 외상성인지. 비외상성인지를 명확히 구분하여 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2017

한국에서 가지 흰가루병균으로 Erysiphe cichoracearum, Leveillula taurica, Sphaerotheca fusca 모두 3종이 기록되어 있다. E. cichoracearum은 1969년에 기록된 이후 한국에서 발생하는 가지 흰가루병균으로 여긴다. 1998년에는 L. taurica가 가지 뒷면흰가루병균으로 기록되었으나, 이후에 추가적인 발생기록은 없었다. 2002년에는 S. fusca가 가지 흰가루병균으로 보고되었다. 필자들은 총22점의 가지 흰가루병균 시료를 채집하여 현미경 관찰 및 염기서열 분석을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 모두 Podosphaera xanthii로 동정하였다. 따라서 한국에서 가지흰가루병균은 P. xanthii로 표기하는 것이 옳으며, 시설재배에서 드물게 발견되는 L. taurica는 뒷면흰가루병균으로 구별하는 것이 맞다. 반면에, E. cichoracearum (= Golovinomyces cichoracearum)은 가지 흰가루병균으로 표본이 보존되지 않았으며 이후에 채집되지도 않았다. 더구나 가지에서 기록한 E. cichoracearum의 기재는 일반적인 형태적 변이의 폭을 크게 벗어난다. 따라서 E. cichoracearum 흰가루병균의 존재에 대한 과거의 기록은 오류로 생각된다. 결국 P. xanthii가 한국의 가지에서 발병하는 흰가루병의 주요 병원균으로 판단되며, L. taurica는 드물게 발생되었던 것으로 판단된다. 이 총설에서는 가지 흰가루병균의 역사와 최신 분류체계에 대하여 자세히 기록하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.443-449
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• 2000

A three-year-old male jindo with generalized skin lesions (including seborrhea, hyperk- eratosis, alopecia, papules, and ecchymoses), pruritus lymph node enlargement, and fever was brought to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National Uni- versity. There were no laboratory findings for parasites and fungi in the hair and skin But, the com- plete blood counts (CBC) showed leukocytosis and severe cosinophilia, It was suspected to be an inflammatory and allergic dermatitis. Thus, prednisoIone (0.5 mg/kg PO, BID for 1 week) and ampi- cillin (10 mg/kg PO, BID for 1 week given. One week later, pruritus and ecchymoses were reduced. These treatments were repeated for 7 day again. Three months later, the dog was presented again due to the relapse and exacerbation of the clinical signs. The signs were as follows; severe pru- ritus, vesicobullous skin lesions, anorexia, emaciation, lameness, and welling of carpal joints that showed inflammatory skin lesion and draining of synovia-like fluid. The values of WBC counts were returned to normal ranges. In contrast, eosinophilia was still observed. Coombs test for patient RBC and serum were negative. Hypoalbuminemia (2.5g/dl) was shown by serum chemistry. The uri- nalysis revealed and presence of leukocytes. Luxation finding of right radial carpal joint by polyarthritis was shown in radiography of affected joints.Lupus eryhematosus(LE) cells also appeared in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of affected joints. Definitely, antinuclear antibody (ANA) of patient serum using feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by all immu- nofluorescence. Based on these findings such as sedum ANA-Positive. major signs (skin disease, non- erosive polyarthritis with soft tissue swelling. and proteinuria), minor signs (fever), and LE cell-pos- itive, a diagnosis of systemic lupus crythematosus (SLE) was mad\ulcorner in this dog. The dog with SLE was administered with Pre(2.0 mg/kg PO, BID for first 4 week and then QOD) to inhibit the production of autoantibodies and with ampicillin (10 mg/kg PO, BID for first 4 weeks and then QOD) to prevent the secondary infection. The condition of this dog was monitored every 2 weeks by physical examinations, radiography, CBC, serum chemistry and urinalyais. At 8th week of treat- ment, the state of SLE evaluated by physical examinations and laboratory findings was markedly improved except for proteinura.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2012

최근 의료분야에서는 방대한 양의 정보를 효과적으로 처리하기 위하여 의사결정트리, 신경망, 베이지안망 등을 비롯한 각종 데이터마이닝 기법의 적용 방안을 연구하고 있다. 또한 환자의 기본적인 신상정보나 과거력, 가족력과 같은 정보 이외에도 MRI, HRCT 등의 영상정보를 추가적으로 수집하고 진단에 활용함으로써 질병진단의 정확도 향상을 도모하는 것이 일반적인 현황이다. 하지만 실제 상황에서는 결과에 영향을 미치는 다량의 변수가 존재하므로 특정 데이터마이닝 기법을 통하여 얻을 수 있는 정보가 상당히 제한적이라고 볼 수 있다. 그뿐만 아니라 촬영된 의료영상도 부수적으로 진단에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수는 있지만, 주관적인 판단 비중이 높아 자동화된 시스템으로 처리하기가 난해한 문제이다. 이에 따라 현실의 복잡한 상황에서 상대적으로 대처가 유리하고 다변량 확률적인 모델을 기반으로 하는 베이지안망에서 K2나 TAN 등으로 탐색 알고리즘을 개선한 확장 모델이 제안되었다. 이 때, 적용되는 탐색 알고리즘의 종류에 따라 그 성능이 크게 좌우되는 확장 베이지안망의 특성상, 각 기법에 대한 성능과 적합성의 사실적인 평가가 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 확장 베이지안망에서 질병 진단에 대한 동일한 데이터를 이용하여 실험을 수행하였으며, K2, TAN과 같은 탐색 알고리즘에 변화를 주며 분류 정확도를 측정하였다. 실험에서는 10-fold 교차검증을 수행한 결과분석을 기반으로 성능을 비교평가하고, 발병 위험성이 높은 환자에 대한 HRCT 영상을 분류하여 고위험성의 데이터를 식별 가능하도록 하였다.