• Title/Summary/Keyword: Minimum tillage

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Physicochemical Properties of Soils as Affected by Minimum Tillage and Direct Seeding Cultivation on Dry Rice Paddy

  • Seo, Myung-Chul;Seong, Ki-Yeong;Cho, Hyeon-Suk;Kim, Min-Tae;Park, Tae-Seon;Kang, Hang-Won
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.47 no.1
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    • pp.8-15
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    • 2014
  • In order to evaluating physiochemical properties of soil under minimum tillage and direct seeding cultivation on dry rice paddy, we conducted to analyze the soil physiochemical characteristics in treatment with 2-year minimum tillage and dry direct seeding (2MT), 3-year minimum tillage and dry direct seeding (3MT), and tillage transplanting cultivation (TT). As results of analyzing soil organic matter (OM) contents with 2 cm soil depth of interval from surface to 30 cm, OM contents with surface soil from 0 to 2MT and 3MT were higher than TT, recorded 34.6, 28.1 and $19.8gkg^{-1}$, respectively. But until 20cm in soil depth, it was not so large on the deviation of OM contents among the 3 treatments comparing with 2cm surface. Beneath 20 cm in soil depths, 2- and 3-year, OM contents in TT were distributed to be lower than 2MT and 3MT. The contents of total nitrogen in 2MT and 3MT were higher than the content in TT across the soil profile. Consequently, though minimum tillage and direct seeding farming is obviously the practice to saving of machinery work and labor, other practices such as continuously input OM should be needed to achieve carbon sequestration goal through minimum tillage and direct seeding on dry paddy.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MINIMUM TILLAGE BY ROTARY TILLER FOR DIRECT RICE SEEDER

  • Park, S. H.;Lee, K. S.;Lee, C. S.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 2000.11b
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    • pp.154-161
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    • 2000
  • A series of soil bin experiment was carried to investigate the effects of rotary blade shape, rotational direction of rotary blade, number of blade and soil cutting disk blade on the characteristics of partial tillage. Among the three types of rotary blades, rotary blade for cultivator was considered to be proper for partial tillage of direct seeder considering the torque requirements and ratio of soil breaking. There is no need to attach so many blades to the rotary shaft. Four rotary blades were enough for efficient partial tillage by rotary tiller. Though soil cutting disk blade assisted the better formation of seedbed furrow, attachment of the soil cutting disk blade increased torque requirements.

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Development of recognition system of field shape and tillage characteristics for autonomous tractor (자율 주행 트랙터를 위한 포장형상 및 경운작업특성 인식시스템 개발)

  • Seo, Il-Hwan;Seo, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Man-Soo;Chung, Sun-Ok;Kim, Ki-Dae
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.343-347
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    • 2011
  • Precise traveling and tillage operation using an autonomous tractor is difficult with the data from the Geographic Information System(GIS) because it does not include the data of the width and inclination of the field to work. The minimum turing radius of the tractor could be different from the value presented by the tractor maker due to the moisture content of the field soil or operators' skill. Two programs were developed to process data obtained with the tillage path measuring system: one for recognizing coordinates of the 4 field corners, and the other for recognizing the minimum turning radius of the tractor.

Effect of Tillage Methods of Paddy Field on Yearly Changes of Rice Yield and Soil Properties (논의 경운방법이 년차간 벼수량과 토양특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Bong Koo, Hur;Bong Ki, Yun;Kwan Soon, Choi
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 1996
  • Field experiment was carried out to investigate the annual changes of rice yield and soil properties. Hwaseongbyeo was cultivated by different tillage methods and fertilizer levels for 5 years in the paddy soil. Tilth efficiency of power tiller(PT) rotary plot was higher by 74.8%, but that of tractor tillage plot was lower by 59.0%. Water requirement in depth of no-tillage plots after rice transplanting was highest and also those of the early growing stage was higher than those of the middle growing stage. Rice yield of PT rotary plot by recommended fertilizer application was increased by 17% than that of no-tillage plot by conventional fertilizer application. By the rotary of PT and tractor, rice yield increased by 6-17% than those of no-tillage. In case of cultivating years, rice yield of 2nd year was highest, but that of 4th year was lowest. Soil bulk density and solid phase of no-tillage plot which took not tillage were highest than the other plots. The changes of soil chemical properties in the all treatments had not definite tendency.

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Effects of Tillage and Cultivation Methods on Carbon Accumulation and Formation of Water-stable Aggregates at Different Soil Layer in Rice Paddy

  • Kim, Sukjin;Choi, Jong-Seo;Kang, Shingu;Park, Jeong-Hwa;Hong, Sunha;Kim, Tae-su;Yang, Woonho
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.50 no.6
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    • pp.634-643
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    • 2017
  • No-tillage is an effective practice to save labor input and reduce methane emission from the paddy. Effects of tillage and cultivation methods on carbon accumulation and soil properties were investigated in the treatments of tillage-transplanting (T-T), tillage-wet hill seeding (T-WS), minimum tillage-dry seeding (MT-S) and no-tillage dry seeding (NT-S) of rice. Soil carbon was higher in NT-S and MT-S, compared to T-T and T-WS. In NT-S and MT-S, soil carbon contents were the highest in the top soil (5 cm depth) and decreased with soil depth. In T-T and T-WS, however soil carbon contents showed no significant difference up to soil depth of 15 cm from the top. Carbon content was the highest in the soil particle size under $106{\mu}m$ and decreased as the soil particle size increased. Contents of water-stable aggregates in NT-S and MT-S were higher than those of T-T and T-WS. In NT-S and MT-S, contents of water-stable aggregates were the highest in the top soil and significantly decreased with soil depth while no significant difference up to the soil depth of 15 cm in T-T and T-WS. Available $SiO_2$ contents in the top soil were the highest in NT-S and MT-S while the lowest in T-T and T-WS. It is concluded that minimum or no disturbance of soil in rice cultivation can increase carbon accumulation in the soil, especially in the top layer, and subsequently contribute to the formation of the water-stable soil aggregates.

Analysis of the axle load of an agricultural tractor during plow tillage and harrowing

  • Hong, Soon-Jung;Park, Seung-Je;Kim, Wan-Soo;Kim, Yong-Joo;Park, Seong-un
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.665-669
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    • 2016
  • Analysis of the load on the tractor during field operations is critical for the optimal design of the tractor. The purpose of this study was to do a load analysis of an agricultural tractor during plowing and harrowing. First, a load measurement system was developed and installed in a 71 kW agricultural tractor. Strain-gauges with a telemetry system were installed in the shaft located between the axles and the wheels, and used to measure the torque of the four driving axles. Second, field experiments were conducted for two types of field operations (plowing, harrowing), each at two gear levels (M2, M3). Third, load analysis was conducted according to field operation and gear level. At M2 gear selection for plowing, the maximum, minimum, and average (S. D.) torque values were 13,141 Nm; 4,381 Nm; and 6,971 Nm (${\pm}397.8Nm$, respectively). For harrowing, at M2 gear selection, torque values were, 14,504 Nm; 1,963 Nm; and 6,774 Nm (${\pm}459.4Nm$, respectively). At M3 gear selection for plowing, the maximum, minimum, and average (S. D.) torque values were,17,098 Nm; 6,275 Nm; and 8,509 Nm (${\pm}462.4Nm$, respectively). For harrowing at M3 gear selection, maximum, minimum, and average (S. D.) torque values were, 20,266 Nm; 2,745 Nm; and 9,968 Nm (${\pm}493.2$). The working speed of the tractor increased by approximately 143% when shifted from M2 (7.2 km/h) to M3 (10.3 km/h); while during plow tillage and harrowing, the load of the tractor increased approximately 1.2 times and 1.5 times, respectively.

Control of Weedy Rice Using Minimum Tillage Direct Seeding of Rice on Dry Paddy (벼 최소경운 건답직파재배를 이용한 잡초성벼 방제)

  • Seong, Ki-Yeong;Lee, Jeong-Tae;Park, Tae-Seon;Cho, Hyeon-Suk;Seo, Myung-Chul;Kim, Mi-Hyang;Kang, Hang-Won
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.322-326
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    • 2013
  • This study was tried to control the weedy rice using minimum tillage direct seeding of rice on dry paddy. Minimum tillage direct seeding on dry paddy is tilled with 4 cm in width at 27 cm intervals by 1-shaped rotary blade. Using this cultivation method can control weedy rice effectively by minimizing the soil disturbance. In this study, weedy rice was firstly emerged at April 28 in 2012. After 11 days emergence rate of weedy rice at May 9 was 61.9%. At this time rice was sown and then herbicides was treated at 10 and 15 days after sowing. When herbicides was treated at 10 days after sowing the control effect was 89-96%, and when treated at 15 days the control effect was 97-99%. However emergence of weedy rice differ according to the year and year. It was thought to be affected by April average temperature and total precipitation. So, for effective weedy rice control and stable rice yield, it was considered that irrigation at April 15-20 to induce the emergence of weedy rice is required.

Changes in Methane Emissions from Paddy under Different Tillage and Cultivation Methods (벼 재배 시 경운 및 재배방법에 의한 메탄발생 양상)

  • Kim, Sukjin;Cho, Hyun-Suk;Choi, Jong-Seo;Park, Ki Do;Jang, Jeong-Sook;Kang, Shin-gu;Park, Jeong-Hwa;Kim, Min-Tae;Kang, In-Jeong;Yang, Woonho
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.61 no.4
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    • pp.251-256
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    • 2016
  • The increase in carbon stock and sustainability of crop production are the main challenges in agricultural fields relevant to climate change. Methane is the most important greenhouse gas emitted from paddy fields. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tillage and cultivation methods on methane emissions in rice production in 2014 and 2015. Different combinations of tillage and cultivation were implemented, including conventional tillage-transplanting (T-T), tillage-wet hill seeding (T-W), minimum tillage-dry seeding (MT-D), and no-tillage-dry seeding (NT-D). The amount of methane emitted was the highest in T-T treatment. In MT-D and NT-D treatments, methane emissions were significantly decreased by 77%, compared with that in T-T treatment. Conversely, the soil total carbon (STC) content was higher in MT-D and NT-D plots than in tillage plots. In both years, methane emissions were highly correlated with the dry weight of rice ($R^2=0.62{\sim}0.96$), although the cumulative emissions during the rice growing period was higher in 2014 than in 2015. T-T treatment showed the highest $R^2$ (0.93) among the four treatments. Rice grain yields did not significantly differ with the tillage and cultivation methods used. These results suggest that NT-D practice in rice production could reduce the methane emissions and increase the STC content without loss in grain yield.