• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antioxidative and antimicrobial properties of ethanolic extracts from Allium victoriallis L. var. platyphyllum (AVP) with 6 different parts. The antioxidative activities of these samples were determined using the 4 separate methods that involved reducing power, DPPH, hydrogen radical scavenging, and lipid peroxidation with use of a $\beta$-carotene/linoleic acid system. The leaf part ethanolic extracts (1,000 ppm) showed the strongest inhibitory potential for reducing power, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals to 99.8, 49.4, and 52.8%, respectively. Inhibition values of linoleic oxidation were calculated as 58.0, 39.5, and 38.0% for seed, flower, and leaf ethanolic extracts (1,000 ppm), respectively, from AVP. In addition, the ethanolic extracts of the root part showed the most effective antimicrobial activity. The inhibition zones of the root ethanolic extracts ($200\;{\mu}g/disc$) of AVP against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were 17 and 14 mm, respectively. In a micro-dilution assay, B. cereus, S. aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus exhibited sensitivity to root part ethanolic extracts with an minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 20, 28, and 18 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the AVP extracts may be suitable as antimicrobial and antioxidative agents in the food industry.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2009

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution manufactured with freezing dryness method to use eye drop. To identify the use of it as eye drop, the eye irritation test of rabbits and the antibacterial test of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans were performed. Methods : 1. The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 2. After administering Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis, MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) and the size of inhibition zone were measured. Anti-bacterial potency was also measured using the size of inhibition zone. Results : 1. After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, it was found that none of nine rabbits have abnormal signs and weight changes. 2. After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, no eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 3. There was no response to MIC on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) after Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated. Conclusions : The present study suggests that Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution is a nontoxic and non-irritant medicine, which does not cause eye irritation in rabbits, but dosen't have antibacterial effects on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that more research on other herbal medicines of eye drop for Keratitis are required.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.358-361
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• 2008

미나리(Oenanthe stolonifera) 발효액이 장내 병원성 미생물과 유익균의 생육, 그리고 장내 세균효소에 미치는 영향을 in vitro 에서 조사하였다. 고상 배지 (Agar plate) 에서의 clear zone 형성에 의한 생육저해를 측정한 결과, Vibro, Salmonella 등의 유해 미생물에 대해서 강한 생육저해 효과를 보였으며 Bifidobacterium longum 에 대해서는 생육저해 효과가 크지 않았다. 액체배지에서의 최소저해농도(MIC) 측정에서도 고장배지에서와 같은 경향을 보여 상대적으로 B. longum 에 대한 생육저해가 가장 적었다. 발효 기간에 따른 영향을 보면 발효 기간이 길수록 적은 양으로도 유해한 균들의 생육을 잘 저해할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 장내 세균 효소인 ${\beta}$-glucuronidase와 tryptophanase의 활성에 대해 미나리 발효액은 발효하지 않은 액에 비해 저해효과가 컸으며 발효기간이 길수록 저해효과도 증가하였다. 이상의 실험 결과로서 미나리 발효액은 유해세균에 대한 생육저해능이 크고 상대적으로 유익균인 B. longum에 대한 저해는 적어, 음용 시 정장 효과가 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2012

Objective: This experimental study was designed to investigate the safety and the effectiveness of Samjeong pharmacopuncture solution (SPS) manufactured by using a the lowtemperature extract on process. Methods: To identify the safety and the effectiveness of using SPS as eye drops, we performed applied eye irritation tests on rabbits and antibacterial tests for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans. The eye irritation test was performed according to the toxicity testing regulation of the Korea Food & Drug Administration (2009. 8. 24, KFDA 2009-116). After SPS had been applied on the left eye of the rabbits, eye irritation in the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th & 7th day. After SPS had been dropped on bacterial species that cause keratitis, the minimum inhibition concentration and the size of the inhibition zone were measured. The anti-bacterial potency was also measured by taking the size of inhibition zone. Results: After SPS had been administered on the left eye of the rabbits, none of nine rabbits were found to show abnormal signs or weight changes. After SPS had been administered on the left eye of the rabbits, no eye irritation in the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th & 7th day. No specific response was detected in MIC for bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans after SPS had been applied. Conclusions: This study suggests that SPS is a non-toxic and non-irritant medicine that does not cause any of eye irritation in rabbits, but it has no antibacterial effects on bacterial species that are well known to cause keratitis. These results suggest that more research is required on extracts from herbal medicines for treating keratitis.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2009

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the safety of Soyeom Pharmacopunture solution manufactured by extraction of alcohol and water. To identify the use of it as eyedrops, the eye irritation test of rabbits and antibacterial test of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans was performed. Methods : 1. The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 2. After administering Soyeom Pharmacopuncture solution on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis, MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) and the size of inhibition zone were measured. Anti-bacterial potency was also measured using the size of inhibition zone. Results : 1. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, it was found that none of nine rabbits have abnormal signs and weight changes. 2. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, no eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 3. There was no response to MIC on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) after Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated. Conclusions : The present study suggests that Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution is a non-toxic and non-irritant medicine, which does not cause eye irritation in rabbits, but dosen't have anti-bacterial effects on bacterial species which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that more research on other herbal medicines of eye drop for Keratitis are required.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 1996

Precipitation was formed during the preparation of decoction from a mixure of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma or Phellodendri Cortex according to the prescription of Hwang-ryean-hae-dog-tang. Baicalin and berberine, the active ingredients of the two herbal medicine were identified in coprecipitated product. Pills were prepared using the coprecipitated product and various binders. The dissolution rate of baicalin and berberine from pills was increased in at pH1.2 when acacia or tragacanth was used. The absorption rate of baicalin from the coprecipitated product was faster than that from Scutellaria extract, but the absorption of berberine from CPP was slower in stomach, duodenum and jejunum of rats compared with Coptis extract. The time required for the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of baicalin and berberine from CPP in mice were 150 and 200 min after oral administration, respectively. The maximum serum concentration of baicalin from CPP in mice was higher than Scutellaria extract, but the concentration of berberine was lower compared with Coptis extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration of CPP was below $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ against gram positive bacteria, and was higher than that against gram negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of CPP was lower than that of herberine, but was more potent than Scutellaria extract. It was found that the inhibition rates of growth by CPP against S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae, B. cereus and S.aureus were 60.0, 51.1, 45.4 and 39.9%, respectively.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권
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• pp.54-62
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• 2004

본 연구는 해양 식물플랑크톤에 대한 지속성 유기오염물질의 영향을 이해하기 위한 목적으로, 우리나라 연안역에서 연간 우점적으로 나타나는 식물플랑크톤 주요 5종 즉, 규조류 Skeletonema costatun, 침편모조류 Heterosigma akashiwo, 와편모조류 Prorocentrum dentatum, P. minimum, Akashiwo sanguinea를 이용하여 benzo〔a〕pyrene(PAHs)에 72시간동안 노출시킨 다음 각 종의 성장 및 저해, 회복능력 등을 조사하였고, benzo〔a〕pyrene의 농도 0.1, 1, 5, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$에 H. akashiwo (Raphidophyceae)를 노출시켜 시간에 따른 광합성률의 변화를 측정하였다. Benzo〔a〕pyrene에 72시간 노출시킨 후 S. costatum, P. minimum, P. dentatum의 세포수는 1∼10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$의 농도사이에서 급격한 감소를 보였고, A. sunguinea, H. akashiwo는 0.1∼1 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$의 낮은 농도범위에서 지수함수적인 감소를 나타냈다. 성장저해 농도 ($IC_{50}$/) 는 A. sanguinea가 0.10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$로 가장 낮았고, H. akashiwo (0.74 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$) S. costatum (1.68 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$), P. dentatum (2.14 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$), P. minimum (6.20 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$)의 순서로 성장저해농도가 높게 나타났다. Benzota〔a〕pyrene 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$ 이하의 농도에 노출되었던 세포들은 5종 모두 시간이 경과함에 따라 회복하는 경향을 나타냈으나 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$이상의 농도에 노출시에는 P. minimun을 제외하고는 회복되지 않았다. 이러한 결과들은 조사된 5종 중에서 유각 와편모류 P. minimum이 benzo〔a〕pyrene에 가장 내성이 강하며, 무각 와편모류 A. sanguinea가 가장 약함을 의미한다. Benzo〔a〕pyrene 0.1, 1, 5, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$ 농도에 Heterosigma akashiwo를 노출시킨 다음 성장에 따른 단위세포 당 광합성률은 0.1, $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$의 benzo〔a〕pyrene에 노출시킨 세포의 경우 지수성장기에 단위세포 당 탄소동화율(dpm cells$^{-1}$)이 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었고 안정기에 들어가 면서 점차 감소하여 대조군과 유사한 양상을 나타내었으나, 전체적으로 대조군보다 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 반면에 5, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$의 농도에 노출된 세포는 초기에 매우 낮은 탄소동화율을 보였으며, 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$의 농도에 노출시킨 세포의 경우 12일째부터 단위세포 당 탄소동화율이 매우 크게 증가하였다. 본 연구의 결과들은 연안해역에 benzo〔a〕pyrene과 같은 지속성 유기오염물질이 유입되었을 때 내성여부에 따라 식물플랑크톤 군집내 종 천이와 일차생산력에 크게 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2009

This study has shown the screening of anti-bacterial activity of three Indian medicinal plant choloroform : methanol (50:50) solvent leaf extracts (i.e. Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, and Curcuma longa) with different concentrations (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, and 0.156 mg/ml) under in vitro conditions against fish pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio harveyi, V. anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda isolated from olive flounder farms, Jeju Island, South Korea. The anti-microbial activity of the A. indica and O. sanctum extracts yielded the zones of growth inhibition (ZI) was 3 and 1mm against A. hydrophila at concentration of 0.156 mg/ml when compared to that of tetracycline standard (3 mm). At highest concentration (10 mg/ml) of A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa, high inhibition was 9, 7, and 6 mm when compared to that of tetracycline (11 mm) against A. hydrophila. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa at 0.156 mg/ml that yield 9, 10, and 13 CFU/ml for A. hydrophila, 16, 22, and 25 CFU/ml for S. iniae and 18, 22, and 23 CFU/ml for E. tarda compared to the tetracycline. At highest concentration (10 mg/ml) of the three extracts was better inhibiting the growth of A. hydrophila, S. iniae and E. tarda. A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa were determined to the potential antioxidant activityon the basis of their scavenging activity of the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. A. indica extract was 0.625 mg/ml which indicated that the strong anti-oxidant activity. However, O. sanctum and C. longa extracts showed weak anti-oxidant activity at this concentration. Hence, in vitro assay among the pathogens, A. hydropila is better inhibitory activity of the extracts. It is evident that the Indian medicinal plants extracts were subjected to its effectiveness against A. hydrophila, S. iniae, and E.tarda at low concentrations. The obtained results in the present study suggested that the Indian plant extracts is a prevention tools for Korean olive flounder aquaculture pathogens and its need further advance investigation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2007

토마토시들음병 방제균주인 Bacillus thuringiensis BK4의 항진균성 항생물질의 대량생산조건을 확립하였고, 항생물질 BK4를 조정제 수준에서 in vitro, in vivo pot 실험을 통해 실제 토마토 시들음병에 대한 토양내 방제력을 검증하였다. B. thuringiensis BK4는 탄소원으로 0.5% xylose, 질소원으로 0.2% peptone No. 3, 5 mM $CaCl_2$를 첨가하였을 때 토마토 시들음병균인 Fusarium oxysoporum에 대한 항진균활성과 균체생산량이 가장 높았으며 또한, B. thuringiensis BK4가 생산하는 항진균성 항생물질 BK4를 조정제 수준에서 in vivo pot 실험을 통해 토마토 시들음병균인 F. oxysoporum에 대한 방제력이 탁월하다는 것을 확인하였다. B. thuringiensis BK4의 균체와 조정제수준의 항생물질 BK4를 병용처리 하였을 경우 각각을 단독으로 처리하였을 때와 비교하여 상가(相加)효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 기대했던 상승(相乘)효과는 확인하지 못하였다. B. thuringiensis BK4가 생산하는 항생물질 BK4를 Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography와 prep-HPLC를 통해 retention time이 38min인 단일물질로 정제할 수 있었으며, 정제된 항생물질의 MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration)를 측정한 결과 50${\mu}$g/ml이었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-rigor salting level (0-4% NaCl concentration) on physicochemical and textural properties of pre-rigor chicken breast muscles. The pre-rigor chicken breast muscles were de-boned 10 min post-mortem and salted within 25 min post-mortem. An increase in pre-rigor salting level led to the formation of high ultimate pH of chicken breast muscles at post-mortem 24 h. The addition of minimum of 2% NaCl significantly improved water holding capacity, cooking loss, protein solubility, and hardness when compared to the non-salting chicken breast muscle (p<0.05). On the other hand, the increase in pre-rigor salting level caused the inhibition of myofibrillar protein degradation and the acceleration of lipid oxidation. However, the difference in NaCl concentration between 3% and 4% had no great differences in the results of physicochemical and textural properties due to pre-rigor salting effects (p>0.05). Therefore, our study certified the pre-rigor salting effect of chicken breast muscle salted with 2% NaCl when compared to post-rigor muscle salted with equal NaCl concentration, and suggests that the 2% NaCl concentration is minimally required to ensure the definite pre-rigor salting effect on chicken breast muscle.