• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 1982

Removal of urea and vitamin B12 was simulated using two pool models with closed loop dialysis, open loop dialysis, and hemodiafiltrations with predilution and postdilulion. It was found that urea removal was limited by dialyzer clearance, however B12 removal was limited both by the resistance between ECF and ICF and by dialyzer clearance. Open loop dialysis was better than closed loop dialysis in terms of dialysate requirement and removal efficiency. Residual renal function plays an important role in removing vitamin B12. Dialysis frequency more than twice/wide does not have great effect on removal efficiency, but has the effect of reducing the difference between maximum and minimum cancentrations during dialysis period.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.251-264
• /
• 1992

In this study, the size effect in measuring the fracture toughness of rock was investigated using the ISRM Suggested Method for Fracture toughness using Chevron Bend Specimens. Total 58 specimens were prepared with 4 different diameters, 29, 42, 54, 68mm and center cut-chevron notch. In addition to this, to evaluated the effect of anisotropy of Jecheon granite, which is the sample for this study, core drilling direction was adjusted perpendicular(short transverse) and parallel(arrester) to the rift plane in the sample and the measured fracture toughness for each direction were compared. Important results obtained from this study are as follows. Level ll test condition is more adequate than l, because of low data scattering and precision and corrected fracture toughness of Jechoen granite measured and 2.2MPa{{{{ SQRT { m} }}}} for arrester direction with minimum initial crack length 0.7cm. From the relationship between core diameter and initial crack length presented in the ISRM testing method, the specimen diameter should be bigger than 47mm. The fracture toughnesses measured for arrester and short transverse directon show 10% difference. This is to the anisotropy of Jecheon granite possessing rift plane.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.367-372
• /
• 2012

In nuclear plants, UVR (under voltage relay, 27r) of 1E bus, which protected and supplied power to essential loads, to safety trip of reactor and supplied to starting signal of EDG (emergency diesel generators) automatically. therefore UVR tolerances setting and calculation method has been important to nuclear facility. If calculation and tolerances values differ or ignore, may induced power loss and economical loss by protective failure. This paper show results for calculation methods, and whether dependant or independent methods for factors. included whether PT (potential transformer/voltage transformer) tolerance or not adapted, and based on UVR setting method within a difference minimum and maximum of rated voltage to safety operation in nuclear plants.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.154-164
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide total information for elderly women\`s clothing construction by classifying and analyzing the characteristics of their lower body types. Three hundred three subjects, between the ages of 60 and 82, were chosen. The data were collected from 37 anthropometric measurements of each subject and analyzed by the multivariate method. Through the factor analysis of principal component model, eight factors were extracted from anthropometric measurements. The most important factors were obesity, vertical size, and shape of below waistline to hip. The subjects were classified into 5 types according to cluster analysis by Ward\`s minimum variance method. The dominent types were type 1, 2. The chracteristics of type 1 are average height and sized tyoes, a greater difference between hip and waist. The charateristics of type 2 are shorter height and comparatively fat types, fatness of the waist and abdomen.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.409-417
• /
• 1994

In extracting contours from elevation matrix, the most important problem is to solve the degenerate case where four cross point arise in a grid. This paper describes a technique which performs the checking of degenerate case and determination of next point simultaneously. It requires minimum number of array indexing. Also this paper proposes a technique which reduces the number of array indexing by using LOWER/HIGHER information of a cross point designated according to height difference of grid vertices. In addition, we describe a data structure which is proper for representing cross points and tracing them.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 2000

Building structures which are in need of large open space make the damping effect of the structures decrease greatly. Assembly and office buildings with a lower natural frequency have a higher possibility of experiencing excessive vibration induced by human activities. These excessive vibration make the residents uncomfortable and the serviceability deterioration. The loads induced by human activities were classified into two types. First type is in place loads as like jumping, foot stamping and body bouncing. The other type is moving loads as like walking, running and dancing. A series of laboratories experiments had been conducted to study the dynamic loads induced by human activities, The earlier works were mainly concerned to parameters study of dynamic loads as like activity type, weight, sex, surface condition of structure and etc. In this paper, we have measured directly the walking loads by using the platform. And we have evaluated and analyzed load-time history of walking loads. One of the most important parameter is pacing rate (walking speed) in the walking loads. The difference between the maximum value and minimum value of walking loads depends on the walking speed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1993.07b
• /
• pp.905-907
• /
• 1993

Demand for electricity is increasing annually. Especially, the daytime demand grawth shows higher than any other time period. So the big difference between maximum and minimum electrical demand becomes another important problem to be solved. The Battery Energy Storage System is chosen as one of the solutions among the sevral methods. The purpose of utilization of Battery Energy Storage System is to improve the daily load factor. Also, Battery Energy Storage System may be used for the load levelling or the load shifting as well as the spinning reserve. Up to now, only the pumped hydro power plant system has been operated on the commercial basis, but this system has so many constraints such as site, environmental effects, construction period, ect. Being considered current electrical power situation the development of electric storage system is in need latly. Among the various electric storage systems, Battery Energy System is chosen with the top priority because it has sevral merits to cover such as the short construction period, the demand site installation, and the food environmental characteristics.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This paper examines whether foreign aid influences public sector efficiency in policy areas of administration, education, and stability. Research design, data and methodology: The study uses panel data of 77 aid recipient developing countries over the period 2000-2020 and employs various panel data techniques to estimate. Results: We found that a percentage change in foreign aid increases administrative efficiency by 0.02 to 0.04 on average ceteris paribus in the short run. On the other hand, a percentage increase in foreign aid decreases education efficiency by 0.005 to 0.006 on average. While the impact of foreign aid on the policy area of stability is insignificant. Conclusions: The empirical results of this study have important implications for both donors and aid recipient countries. It suggests that to get positive influence from foreign aid, in the area of education and stability, the recipient countries need to increase accessibility of secondary schools with quality education especially; technical and vocational. Also, the donor should provide a minimum threshold amount of foreign aid to developing countries for reforming the institutions' capacity building.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.673-681
• /
• 2014

Due to the increased demand for safety and security requirements on the port infrastructure, the harbor tranquility is one of the important parameter in the mooring basin of harbor. It relates keenly to berthing/unberthing and cargo handling works but also it is an important indicator to get the minimum water area as the safe refuge. Hupo harbor is a national coastal harbor located in east coast of Korea and a development plan for a new marina near the entrance is being carried out including berth layouts, breakwater extensions, 300m marina berths, dredging and land reclamation works. The new plan will impact on calmness of the existing port. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze in complex the variation of wave height and direction caused by wave refraction, diffraction, shoaling and reflection from the incident waves from outside the harbor. In order to check the calmness inside a harbor, the numerical models are being used currently need fundamental reviews according to the difference of results which depend on their respective features. In this study, hence, it was introduced the validity of numerical models by comparing the computational results with the hydraulic model experiment. The current investigations contribute to the existing development recommendations and provide further solutions for port planning.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.396-405
• /
• 2019

The speech privacy of closed office rooms located in a university campus was measured and assessed in terms of SPC (Speech Privacy Class) values. The measurements of two quantities, the LD (Level Difference) between a source and a receiving room, and the background noise level ($L_b$) at the receiving room were carried out in 5 rooms located in 3 different buildings in the university campus. Each of the 5 rooms was adjacent to both offices and corridors through walls. The TL (Transmission Loss) between the source and the receiver room was also measured to compare the difference of two standard methods, ASTM E2836-10 and KS F 2809. The present results show that the speech privacy of the 5 office rooms is not met the requirement for a minimum SPC values of 70. A minimum LD value of 41 dB between the source and the receiver room should be achieved for having a SPC value of 70 when the mean measured value of $L_b$ at the receiving room is 29.2 dB. That is, the TL(avg) value averaged over the octave bands from 160 Hz to 5000 Hz between the source and the receiver room should be or greater than 40 dB. The most important architectural factor influencing the LD value is the presence of openings, such as doors, and windows, on the adjacent walls between the source and receiving room. Therefore, if the opening of the adjacent wall is replaced by an opening with high sound insulation, the appropriate SPC value of the research and office rooms can be achieved.