• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2012

In this research, mechanical buckling of hybrid functionally graded plates is considered using a new four variable refined plate theory. Unlike any other theory, the number of unknown functions involved is only four, as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. The theory presented is variationally consistent, does not require shear correction factor, and gives rise to transverse shear stress variation such that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness satisfying shear stress free surface conditions. The plate properties are assumed to be varied through the thickness following a simple power law distribution in terms of volume fraction of material constituents. Governing equations are derived from the principle of minimum total potential energy. The closed-form solution of a simply supported rectangular plate subjected to in-plane loading has been obtained by using the Navier method. The effectiveness of the theories is brought out through illustrative examples.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.192-195
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• 2007

Structural and electronic properties of bulk GaN with nitrogen vacancy($V_N$), oxygen substitution on nitrogen site($O_N$), and complex of nitrogen vacancy and oxygen substitution on nitrogen site($V_N-O_N$) were investigated using the first principle calculations. It was found that stability of defect formation is dependent on the epilayer growth conditions. The complex of $V_N-O_N$ is energetically the most favorable state in a condition of Ga-rich, however, oxygen substitution in nitrogen site is the most favorable state in N-rich condition. The electronic property of complex with negative charge states at $\Gamma$ point was changed from semiconductor to metal. On the contrary, the properties of nitrogen vacancy except for neutral charge state have shown the semiconductor characteristics at $\Gamma$ point. In the oxygen substitution on nitrogen site, the energy differences between conduction band minimum and Fermi level were smaller than that of defect-free GaN.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권10C호
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• pp.999-1006
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• 2005

차분 문턱값 검정에서는 (difference threshold test: DTT) 에너지 검파기 출력들 가운데 가장 큰 출력과 둘째로 큰 출력의 차이가 문턱값을 넘지 않으면 심벌을 잃음으로 본다. 변조 크기와 다양성 차수가 유한하면, M진 주파수 편이 신호를 검파할 때 차분 문턱값 검정이 비율 문턱값 검정보다 (ratio threshold test: RTT) 성능이 좋다는 것을 보이고, 변조 크기와 다양성 차수가 무한히 클 때의 점근 성능을 알아본다. 차분 문턱값 검정을 쓰거나 비율 문턱값 검정을 쓰거나 잘못 없이 통신할 수 있는 가장 작은 신호대잡음비는 같다는 것을 보인다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2004

Various kinds of systems, that can do target recognition and position detection simultaneously by using infrared sensing detectors, have been developed. In this paper, the detection system TRSS (Thermal target Recognition by Spiral Scanning) adopts linear array shaped uncooled IR detector and uses spiral type fast scanning method for relative position detection of target objects, which radiate an IR region wavelength spectrum. It can detect thermal energy radiating from a 9 m-size target object as far as 200 m distance. And the maximum field of a detector is fully filled with the same size of target object at the minimum approaching distance 50 m. We investigate two types of lens systems. One is a singlet lens and the other is a doublet lens system. Every system includes one aspheric surface and free positioned aperture stop. Many designs of F/1.5 system with ${\pm}5.2^{\circ}$ field at the Efl=20, 30 mm conditions for single element and double elements lens system respectively are compared in their resolution performance [MTF] according to the aspheric surface and stop position changing on their optimization process. Optimum design is established including mechanical boundary conditions and manufacturing considerations.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.574-578
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• 1993

Laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopy (LIPAS), which utilizes the photothermal effect that results from nonradiative relaxation of excited state molecules, was used in the speciation analysis of the complexes of neodymium(III) and water soluble synthetic polyelectrolyte, poly methacrylic acid (PMAA), in 0.1 M $NaClO_4$ at pH of 6.0. The minimum detection limit of Nd(III) by LIPAS was $5.O{\times}10^{-6}$ M. Experiment was carried out at low concentration ratio of Nd(III) to PMAA to assure that 1 : 1 complexes predominate. The bound and free Nd(III) species were characterized by measuring nonradiative relaxation energy of the excited states $(^2GM{7/2}\;and\;^4G_{5/2})$ to the metastable state $(^4G_{3/2})$. Two species were quantified by deconvolution of the mixed spectrum using their respective reference spectra. The conditional stability constant measured by LIPAS was 5.52 L$mol^{-1}$.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.409-426
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• 2019

The aim of the present work is to study the nonlinear behavior of the laminated composite plates under transverse sinusoidal loading using a new inverse trigonometric shear deformation theory, where geometric nonlinearity in the Von-Karman sense is taken into account. In the present theory, in-plane displacements use an inverse trigonometric shape function to account the effect of transverse shear deformation. The theory satisfies the traction free boundary conditions and violates the need of shear correction factor. The governing equations of equilibrium and boundary conditions associated with present theory are obtained by using the principle of minimum potential energy. These governing equations are solved by eight nodded serendipity element having five degree of freedom per node. A square laminated composite plate is considered for the geometrically linear and nonlinear formulation. The numerical results are obtained for central deflections, in-plane stresses and transverse shear stresses. Finite element Codes are developed using MATLAB. The present results are compared with previously published results. It is concluded that the geometrically linear and nonlinear response of laminated composite plates predicted by using the present inverse trigonometric shape function is in excellent agreement with previously published results.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2022

One of the recent proposals with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a multi-bore NMR which consists of array of magnets which could present possibilities to quickly cope with pandemic virus by multiple inspection of virus samples. Low temperature superconductor (LTS) can be a candidate for mass production of the magnet due to its low price in fabrication as well as operation by applying the helium zero boil-off technology. However, training feature of LTS magnet still hinders the low cost operation due to multiple boil-offs during premature quenches. Thus in this paper, LTS magnet with low mechanical stress is designed targeting the "training-free" LTS magnet for mass production of magnet array for multi-bore NMR. A thorough process of an LTS magnet design is conducted, including the analyses as the followings: electromagnetics, mechanical stress, cryogenics, stability, and protection. The magnet specification was set to 4.7 T in a winding bore of 85 mm, corresponding to the MR frequency of 200 MHz. The stress level is tolerable with respect to the wire yield strength and epoxy crack where mechanical disturbance is less than the minimum quench energy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.3549-3558
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• 2023

The jet pump can be used in a test device of a nuclear reactor for high flow amplification as it reduces inlet flow requirement and thereby size of the process components. In the present work, a miniature jet pump was designed to meet high flow amplification greater than 3. Subsequently, experiments were carried out using a test setup for design validation and performance evaluation of the jet pump for different parameters. It was observed that a minimum pressure of 0.6 bar (g) was required for the secondary fluid inside the jet pump to ensure cavitation free performance at high amplification. Spacing between the nozzle tip and the mixing chamber entry point had significant effect on the performance of the jet pump. Variation in primary flow, temperature and area ratio also affected the performance. It was observed that at high flow amplification, the analytical solution differed significantly from experimental results due to very large velocities encountered in the miniature size jet pump.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2017

In this paper, size dependent bending and free flexural vibration behaviors of functionally graded (FG) nanobeams are investigated using a nonlocal quasi-3D theory in which both shear deformation and thickness stretching effects are introduced. The nonlocal elastic behavior is described by the differential constitutive model of Eringen, which enables the present model to become effective in the analysis and design of nanostructures. The present theory incorporates the length scale parameter (nonlocal parameter) which can capture the small scale effect, and furthermore accounts for both shear deformation and thickness stretching effects by virtue of a hyperbolic variation of all displacements through the thickness without using shear correction factor. The material properties of FG nanobeams are assumed to vary through the thickness according to a power law. The neutral surface position for such FG nanobeams is determined and the present theory based on exact neutral surface position is employed here. The governing equations are derived using the principal of minimum total potential energy. The effects of nonlocal parameter, aspect ratio and various material compositions on the static and dynamic responses of the FG nanobeam are discussed in detail. A detailed numerical study is carried out to examine the effect of material gradient index, the nonlocal parameter, the beam aspect ratio on the global response of the FG nanobeam. These findings are important in mechanical design considerations of devices that use carbon nanotubes.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.773-779
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• 2011

자유전단류(Shear free flow) 가정을 이용한 수상함 항적모델을 잠수함에 적용 결과 잠수함 난류항적 지름은 $x^n,\;({\frac{1}{5}}{\leq}n\;<{\frac{1}{2}})$ 에 비례하였으며, 난류항적의 최소 확산을 가정할 때(${\sigma}=50.25$, 즉 ${\infty}\;x^{1/5}$인 경우), 길이65m, 폭 6.5m 속력 6kts 인 잠수함의 난류항적 반지름은 잠수함 함미로부터 1.2Km 후방에서 약 20m, 10Km 후방에서는 약 30m에 달하였고, 해수면에서 관측 가능한 잠수함 난류항적은 잔잔한 해상상태에서 잠수함 후방 약 15Km에 이르는 것으로 나타났으나 쇄파가 발생하는 악천후에서는 해수면에서 난류항적을 관측하기는 매우 제한되었다. 이는 적어도 서해와 같이 얕은 잠수함 작전환경에서는 잠수함 난류항적이 해수면에서 나타나는 것을 의미하며 SAR와 같은 탐지체계를 이용 시 탐색 가능함을 의미한다.