• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.239-246
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• 2004

To improve the durability of concrete structure, we usually consider the reduction of water-cement ratio, the increase of concrete cover depth and the use of mineral admixtures. The use of admixtures make concrete more durable and tighten against water in recent papers so it is needed to study more about the relationship between the admixtures and the chloride ion diffusion. Therefore we analyzed the correlation between chloride ion diffusion and physical properties such as compressive strength, void ratio, air permeability of the concrete, and tried to use them as fundamental data for analyzing chloride ion diffusion mechanism of the concrete mixed with mineral admixtures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.99-102
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• 2001

The soil-to-air fluxes of three PAHs(Phenanthrene, Pyrene, Benzo(a)pyrene) from a laboratory contaminated forest soil were investigated in experimental microcosms. The effects of soil temperature(45$^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, 5$^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity(0%, 100%) were investigated according to existence of the humic layer(O layer) over the mineral layer(A layer). Volatilization flux experiments were carried out for a period of 96 hrs. The resulting PAHs volatilization fluxes from the different conditions were quantified and compared. In the mineral layer, highest volatilization flux among the individual PAHs was Phenanthrene >Pyrene> Benzo(a)pyrene on the conditions of 45 $^{\circ}C$, RH=100%. In the humic layer over the mineral layer, maximum volatilization flux was Phenanthrene on the condition of 45$^{\circ}C$, RH=0%. Results from flux experiments showed that volatilization fluxes of PAHs were dependent on soil temperature. Existance of humic layer over the mineral layer delayed transportation to the air of especially heaveir molecular PAHs. But, if humic layer is contained water sufficiently, it is possible that volatilization fluxes are enhanced by water convective flux according to variation of soil temperature and air relative humidity.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.117-130
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• 2024

The possibility of using lime/mineral solvent solutions has been investigated to effectively remove T-P from wastewater. The lime solvent solution showed an initial T-P removal efficiency of about 90% compared to the less efficient mineral solvent solution removal. High pH and dissolved Ca2+ can form hydroxyapatite minerals (Ca5(PO4)3(OH) or Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and can also remove SS and COD from wastewater. Feldspar dissolution solution can be reused twice because the Ca limited sample content provided, but further research is needed to discover other influencing parameters that control the T-P removal efficiency in real wastewater. Because it plays an important role of alkalinity in T-P removal, the success rate is limited. In practical applications, it is obtained according to the pH value wastewater in the environment. The results obtained in this study can highlight new insights on the use of limestone/dissolved mineral solutions to control T-P in wastewater, instead of directly using commercial chemical agents that can produce large amounts of unreacted chemical sludge.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.345-353
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• 2018

This paper approaches to improve the mechanical and durability properties of low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete with the addition of Alccofine as a mineral admixture. The mechanical and durability performance of GPC was assessed by means of compressive strength, flexural strength, permeability, water absorption and permeable voids tests. The correlation between compressive strength and flexural strength, depth of water penetration and percentage permeable voids are also reported. Test results show that addition of Alccofine significantly improves the mechanical as well as permeation properties of low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete. Very good correlations were noted between the depth of water penetration and compressive strength, percentage permeable voids and compressive strength as well as between compressive strength and flexural strength.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.41-45
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• 1990

This study was performed to analyze for the mineral water (Saeng Su) from 12 pure beverage Co. products, which was obtained during March to May in 1988. The results were as follows: 1. The analytical results of contaminant materials in all the samples were suitable for drinking water standard. The mean value of NH$_{3}$-N, NO$_{3}$-N, Cl-and KMnO$_{4}$ consumption were ND, 49mg/l, 1.08mg/l and 8.14mg/l, respectively. 2. Total bacterial counts were 3/cc in average and Coliforms was negative in all samples. 3. The analytical results of Heavy metals were not detected or detected in a small amount, and the contents were different from each company. The CN, Hg, P were not detected in all the samples and the mean value of Cu, Fe, Mn were 0.0087mg/l, 0.0303mg/l, 0.018mg/l, respectively and it's contents were low. 4. The mean value of Pb, Zn, Cr$^{+6}$, As and Cd were 0.016mg/l, 0.015mg/l, 0.0025mg/l. 0.0059mg/l and 0.0011mg/l respectively.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.87-92
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• 2007

This work describes the installation and preliminary measurements of an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) system to monitor the injection of recycled water into a confined aquifer in the area of Sindos (Thessaloniki N. Greece). The aim is to provide, through time-lapse ERT measurements and processing, geoelectrical images of rather increased volumetric sampling around and between the holes and to obtain improved understanding of the flow and transport of the injected water. The details about the general setting, the construction and installation of the ERT cables into the boreholes are explained in full. Preliminary measurements involving single and cross-hole ERT measurements were obtained and processed with a 2D inversion algorithm to produce images of the subsurface. Results depict a very good correlation between ERT images and the lithology and resistivity logs; an indication of the reliability of the approach.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2000

A rearing experiment of the olive flounder was performed in a set of water-reuse system to test the reusability of the water in culture system with (i) a foam fractionator to separate particles from water and (ii) a culture tank contain mineral particles to filter the metabolic wastes by adsorption and/or decomposition. Two kinds of commercially processed loess particles and a dolomite particle (all 50 ${\mu}$diameter) were tested. The mineral particles were suspended in the culture tank and the water was pumped into the foam fractionator, where the particles were separated and drained out with foam from the system. In a circular culture tank of 4.8 m in diameter with 10 d water, the juvenile olive flounders (23.1 g/fish, 5,555 fish, 128 kg total body weight) were stocked. 90 % of the rearing water was reused and turnover rate of the water in the tank was two times per hour. Water temperature was maintained 17${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$. At the end of 75 day-experimental rearing, 5,532 flounders, weighing 468 kg, were harvested. An individual flounder grew to 84.6 g of body weight. The final stocking density was 26.0 kg/$m^2$. No diseases were observed during the experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.460-466
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• 2014

To evaluate wood charcoal as raw material for mineral water production, dissolution of inorganic ions from charcoal to water, pH and adsorption ability of chlorine in water were investigated as main variables. More potassium ion was dissolved in water as higher temperature manufactured charcoal but other ions showed no difference with different charcoal making temperatures. Highest dissolved cation was potassium followed by calcium and sodium. Among wood species, charcoal from Quercus variabilis and Platanus occidentalis showed significantly higher potassium content in water than that of larch, red pine and white pine. Other cations had similar pattern to the potassium but their difference was not apparent as much as potassium. pH value of water treated with charcoal was higher for wood charcoals from Platanus occidentalis (pH 8.5) and Quercus variabilis (pH 8.4) which contained higher inorganic cations. In chlorine removal in water by charcoal, all wood charcoals showed greater chlorine removal than that of the control, but softwood charcoals resulted in higher removal than those of hardwoods. There was no significant difference in the dissolution of cations and pHs between particle charcoal and whole charcoal. With easy of control, whole charcoal is better for mineral water making raw material than particle charcoal does.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.235-246
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• 2009

High-saline ground water, whose eclectrical conductivity value ranges from 12,000 to 21,000 $\mu$S/cm, occurs at the small catchment of Gilsan stream near Geum-river estuary dike. These high-saline ground water comes form three different aquifers consisting of two horizons of sand sediments and one weathered zone with top part of unconformity. For these three aquifers showing mutual independence in terms of hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical connection, we examined characteristics of aqifer occurrences and their water chemistry, and observed and analyzed the fluctuations of the ground water level and electrical conductivity. Our study results indicate that the high-saline characteristics of ground water in this study area should not come from dynamic recent seawater intrusion, but might be due to the fossil saline water included and isolated within the paleo-sediments or weathered zone and their upper unconformity part. This high-saline water seems to be now partially mixed and affected by freshwater in the higher inland reach of Gilsan stream.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.252-259
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects of ion water and premixed mineral supplementation on the growth performance, carcass, and meat quality parameters in finishing pigs ($LY{\times}D$). Each 20 pigs were randomly allotted to three treatments; CON (basal diet), T1(CON diet added with active water), T2 (T1 diet added with 1.0% premixed mineral). Used ion water and premixed mineral were consisted mainly of Zn and Si, respectively. Daily weight gain feed efficacy were the highest in T2, while fat content was the highest in control (p<0.05) than the others. However, the slaughter qualities including dressing percent, backfat thickness, marbling score, meat color, meat texture, drip loss, meat separation and meat qualities including pH, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), shear force, meat color, backfat color, meat texture were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the treatment groups. Panel test scores of tenderness were the highest in T2 compared to the others.