• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.637-645
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• 2019

Due to the transformation to the intelligent information society, the rapid change of our life and environment is expected. The Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) and the National Research Council of Science and Technology (NST) introduced a five-year government supported research institution's planning and evaluation based on the mid-to long-term perspective. This study collects international benchmarking information including industry, academia, and research fields by collecting mid- and long-term strategy reports from public research institutes, surveys by experts from abroad universities and research institutes, and analyzing overseas market information reports. The British Geological Survey (BGS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the japanese geological survey related institutes (AIST-GSJ) plans for three-dimensional national geological information, predictions of geological environmental disasters, and development of important metals and material in the low carbon economic transformation and in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The mid- and long-term program emphasizes basic and public research on geological information through abroad experts survey such as the IPGP-CNRS etc. The market analysis of the mining automation and digital map sectors has been able to derive the fields in which the role of public research institutes by the market is expected such as data collection on land and in the air, mobile or three-dimensional information production, smooth/fast/real-time maps, custom map design, mapping support to various platforms, geological environmental risk assessment and disaster management information and maps.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2023

The nucleation mechanism was studied using a calcium ion selective electrode (Ca ISE) to observe the formation of CaCO₃, a representative mineral in the CO2 cycle, and to analyze the effect of the Mg/Ca-ratio and temperature on the formation of pre-nucleation cluster (PNC) and CaCO₃. As a result of the experiment, a small amount of crystal was formed. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used for surface element analysis, and a field emission scanning-electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used for the morphology analysis of synthesized carbonates. These results showed that various shapes of crystalline CaCO₃ (calcite, aragonite, etc.) were observed for each Mg/Ca ratio and temperature. In addition, the calibration plot obtained from Ca ISE showed information on the formation process of CaCO₃. Our results showed that as magnesium ions interfered with the binding of calcium and carbonate ions and delayed the aggregation between PNCs, the nucleation and formation of CaCO₃ were delayed. On the other hand, the temperature showed an opposite trend as compared to the effect of magnesium under our experimental conditions, indicating that temperature accelerated the formation of CaCO₃. Furthermore, the morphology of CaCO₃ clearly changed according to the Mg/Ca ratio and temperature, and it was confirmed that the two factors are very important for CaCO₃ formation in that they could affect the overall process.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 1999

Spatial data integration using multiple geo-based data sets has been regarded as one of the primary GIS application issues. As for this issue, several integration schemes have been developed as the perspectives of mathematical geology or geo-mathematics. However, research-based approaches for statistical/quantitative assessments between integrated layer and input layers are not fully considered yet. Related to this niche point, in this study, spatial data integration using multiple geoscientific data sets by known integration algorithms was primarily performed. For spatial integration by using raster-based GIS functionality, geological, geochemical, geophysical data sets, DEM-driven data sets and remotely sensed imagery data sets from the Ogdong area were utilized for geological thematic mapping related by mineral potential mapping. In addition, statistical/quantitative information extraction with respective to relationships among used data sets and/or between each data set and integrated layer was carried out, with the scope of multiple data fusion and schematic statistical assessment methodology. As for the spatial integration scheme, certainty factor (CF) estimation and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied. However, this study was not aimed at direct comparison of both methodologies; whereas, for the statistical/quantitative assessment between integrated layer and input layers, some statistical methodologies based on contingency table were focused. Especially, for the bias reduction, jackknife technique was also applied in PCA-based spatial integration. Through the statistic analyses with respect to the integration information in this case study, new information for relationships of integrated layer and input layers was extracted. In addition, influence effects of input data sets with respect to integrated layer were assessed. This kind of approach provides a decision-making information in the viewpoint of GIS and is also exploratory data analysis in conjunction with GIS and geoscientific application, especially handing spatial integration or data fusion with complex variable data sets.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

There are many natural hot springs and mineral springs as well as the cultural heritage of the three kingdoms period in the Geum River basin including Chungcheong region. No specific regeneration and publicity plans for deteriorated facilities in this area has been presented. This study aims to suggest promising hot spots and complex water culture belt in the Chungcheong region and Geum River basin through the spatial interpretation of resources. The northern part of the Geum River basin is expected to become a therapeutic spring belt with many hot springs and CO₂-rich springs. In the central and southern parts of the Geum River basin, it is considered that it will be possible to promote convergence publicity by using groundwater resources and cultural assets.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2013

In this study, we tried to define the origin of fine-grained sediments in Southwestern Cheju Island Mud (SWCIM) using principal component analysis. We used relative clay mineral compositions using 138 marine surface sediments, 4 Huanghe sediments and 3 Changjiang river sediments by the semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. We made bioplot diagram using R program with principal component 1 and component 2 because they might contain more than 90% of all data. Although the distribution pattern of each clay minerals in SWCIM is so intricate, smectite and kaolinite contents are high in the west region, but illite and chlorite contents are rich in the east region. In the biplot, the east region of SWCIM distribute around Changjiang river, whereas west region of SWCIM disperse around Huanghe. Our results might reveal that west region of SWCIM is mainly originated by Huanghe, but east region of SWCIM by Changjiang River.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2005

National Research Lab Project 'Optimal Data Fusion of Geophysical and Geodetic Measurements for Geological Hazards Monitoring and Prediction' supported by Korea Ministry of Science and Technology is briefly described. The research focused on the geohazard analysis with geophysical and geodetic instruments such as superconducting gravimeter, seismometer, magnetometer, GPS, and Synthetic Aperture Radar. The aim of the NRL research is to verify the causes of geological hazards through optimal fusion of various observational data in three phases: surface data fusion using geodetic measurements; subsurface data fusion using geophysical measurements; and, finally fusion of both geodetic and geophysical data. The NRL hosted a special session 'Geohazard Monitoring with Space and Geophysical Technology' during the International Symposium on Remote Sensing in 2004 to discuss the current topics, challenges and possible directions in the geohazard research. Here, we briefly describe the special session papers and their relationships to the theme of the special session. The fusion of satellite and ground geophysical and geodetic data gives us new insight on the monitoring and prediction of the geological hazard.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.132-134
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• 2003

The likelihood ratio, logistic regression and artificial neural networks methods are applied and verified for analysis of landslide susceptibility in Yongin, Korea using GIS. From a spatial database containing such data as landslide location, topography, soil, forest, geology and land use, the 14 landsliderelated factors were calculated or extracted. Using these factors, landslide susceptibility indexes were calculated by likelihood ratio, logistic regression and artificial neural network methods. Before the calculation, the study area was divided into two sides (west and east) of equal area, for verification of the methods. Thus, the west side was used to assess the landslide susceptibility, and the east side was used to verify the derived susceptibility. The results of the landslide susceptibility analysis were verified using success and prediction rates. The v erification results showed satisfactory agreement between the susceptibility map and the exis ting data on landslide locations.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.306-309
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• 2004

The susceptibility of landslides and the effect of landslide-related factors at Penang in Malaysia using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing data have been evaluated. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and from field surveys. Topographical and geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. The factors chosen that influence landslide occurrence were: topographic slope, topographic aspect, topographic curvature and distance from drainage, all from the topographic database; lithology and distance from lineament, taken from the geologic database; land use from Landsat TM (Thermatic Mapper) satellite images; and the vegetation index value from SPOT HRV (High Resolution Visible) satellite images. Landslide hazardous areas were analysed and mapped using the landslide-occurrence factors employing the probability-frequency ratio method. To assess the effect of these factors, each factor was excluded from the analysis, and its effect verified using the landslide location data. As a result, land 'cover had relatively positive effects, and lithology had relatively negative effects on the landslide susceptibility maps in the study area. In addition, the landslide susceptibility maps using the all factors showed the relatively good results.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.132-142
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• 2004

Nutritional factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in the different age groups of Korean men were investigated to obtain baseline data for maintaining bone health. Information on diet and anthropometry was collected in 80 elementary school children, 83 high school students, 87 adults aged 25 to 35 years and 98 elderly people over 60 years of age. Data for food and nutrient intake were obtained by 24-hour recall method. BMDs of lumbar spine (L$_2$- L$_4$) and femoral neck were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The relationship between BMD and nutritional factors were analyzed. In the femoral neck, 5.7% of adults was classified as osteopenia and 47.9% and 37.8% of the elderly were classified as osteopenia and osteoporosis. It was shown that plant protein, Ca, p, Fe, thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin C intakes were related with BMD in all age groups. As for the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of nutrients, the lowest quartile group of BMD showed significantly lower MAR among children. The RDA percent of nutrients was a strong influential factor on BMD. Subjects who consumed below 75% of Korean RDA in energy, vitamin A, thiamin, and vitamin C showed lower BMD. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that MAR in children, vegetable Ca in adolescents, and vitamin C in adults and elderly people were the highest influential factor on BMD. Therefore, the above results demonstrated that not only calcium but also other nutrients such as protein, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, and vitamin C were necessary in order to keep the healthy bone status. In addition, although there were various dietary factors that influenced bone density, MAR was identified as the major factor that affected bone density. Thus, a balanced diet that includes all nutrients is necessary for a healthy bone density. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2) : 132-142, 2004)

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.493-502
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• 2007

Measurements of hydraulic conductivity are point or interval values, and are highly limited in their number. Meanwhile, results of geophysical prospecting can provide the information of spatial variation of geology, and abundant in number. In this study, it was aimed to develop a data integration tool for constructing a hydraulic conductivity map by integrating geophysical data and hydraulic conductivity measurements. The developed code employed a geostatistical optimization method, simulated annealing (SA), and consists of 4 distinct computation modules by which from exploratory data analysis to postprocessing of the simulation were processed. All these modules are equipped with Graphical User Interface (GUI). Validation of the developed code was evaluated in-situ in characterizing hydraulic characteristics of highly permeable fractured zone.