• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.111-114
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• 1994

This study is aimed for reusing the mine wastes as aggregates for concrete. In this part, the test results by analyzing the several properties in case of reusing the mine waste as mortar and concrete aggregates show that compressive strength has the similar value, although there are a little differences according to the mines and producing areas.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1999

The objectives of this study are to investigate soil contamination in the vicinity of abandoned Au-Ag mine and to apply a remediation technique of liming to tailings. In the study area of the Imcheon Au-Ag mine, soils were sampled in and around the mine the analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry extracted by both 0.1N HCl and aqua regia. Elevated levels of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations extracted by 0.1N HCl were found in soils taken from tailings site. These high contents directly influenced metal concentrations in soils taken in the vicinity of the site. This is mainly due to clastic movement by wind and effluent of mine waste water. In addition, relatively enriched concentrations of the metals were found in soils extrated by aqua regia due to strong decomposition of the samples compared with 0.1N HCl extration. According to the statistical approach, metal concentrations in soils by 0.1N HCl had a positive correlation with those by aqua regia extraction. Mine waste waters and stream waters were also sampled around the mine in spring and summer and analyzed by AAS for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, and by Ion Chromatography for anions. Like soils developed over tailings, significant levels of metals and sulphates were found in the mine waste waters ranging of 0.2~0.3, 0.5~2.0, 0.2~2.8, 30~50 and 1,240~4,700 mg/l of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and $SO_4^{2-}$, respectively. These elevated levels influenced in the stream waters in the vicinity of the tailings site. In seasonal variation of metal and anion contents, relatively high levels were found in waters sampled on summer due to leaching the metals and anions from tailings by rain. This study also examined the possibility of lime treatment for remediation of acid mine tailings and assumed to be 46 tones of pulverized lime for neutralization of the tailings.

• 지질공학
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.411-429
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• 2018

대영광산(일명 대마광산)은 함금은석영맥을 주 대상으로 채광한 금 은광산으로, 주 광해유발요인은 광물찌꺼기 적치장, 폐석장, 갱구 등 이다. 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 주 오염원소는 As와 Pb이다. 특히 As의 경우 3,424.41~3,803.61 mg/kg로 1지역 대책기준의 45배 이상으로 As에 의한 오염이 매우 심각한 것으로 파악되었다. 오염원소를 보면 오염원인 광물찌꺼기가 고농도의 As를 함유하고 있으며, 오염원의 영향을 받는 주변의 매체에서도 공통적으로 As 오염이 확인되고 있다. 이러한 As 오염은 광물찌꺼기 적치장과의 지형적 상관성이나 이격거리에 따라 오염정도가 달라지는 특성을 나타낸다. 즉 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 상류지역은 하류지역에 비해 오염정도가 낮으며, 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 하류지역에서는 광물찌꺼기 적치장과의 거리가 멀어질수록 오염도가 낮아지는 경향을 보인다. 특히 광물찌꺼기 적치장 주변에서 고농도 오염이 집중적으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 특성으로 볼 때, 연구지역의 주 오염경로 중의 하나는 광물찌꺼기의 유실로 볼 수 있다. 광물찌꺼기 적치장 하류수계를 따라 As 오염이 확인되었으며, 이러한 현상은 현 하천보다는 구 하천에서 상대적으로 높게 나타나고 있다. 이는 광물찌꺼기 적치장에 대한 유실방지시설을 설치하기 전에 구 하천으로 다량의 광물찌꺼기가 유실되었음을 의미한다. 또한 광물찌꺼기 적치장의 하류수계 농경지에서 하천 범람 시에 영향을 상대적으로 더 받게 되는 하천변 50 m 이내의 농경지 오염도가 50 m 이상의 농경지에 비해 높게 나타났다. 이러한 특성으로 볼 때, 유실된 광물찌꺼기가 하천을 따라 이동하다가 범람에 의해 농경지로 유입되면서 오염이 발생하는 경로도 주 오염경로로 판단된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2013

This study is aimed to prepare the effective detail survey methods(Phase II) of abandoned metal mines through the contamination assessment for mine types and facilities in the abandoned metal mine areas. The study sites of 12 abandoned mines are located in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do and those were chosen among 310 sites that the Phase II survey was conducted from 2007 to 2009 after considering the results of Phase I for abandoned mines scattered all over the country. 12 study sites were classified into four types; Type I sites only have pit mouth. Type II sites have pit mouth and mine-waste field. Type III sites have pit mouth and tailing sorting field. Type IV sites have pit mouth, tailing sorting field and concentrator(s). In forest land, paddy soil and farm land of Type I, As and Cd were showed average concentration, and Cu and Pb were high on the pit mouth area in one mines where the pit mouth was developed within 500 m. In the mines of Type II, Cu and Pb were showed average concentration too, but As and Cd were slightly high in pit mouth and mine-waste field. The mines of Type III which had grinding particle process through physical separation milling or hitting showed similar tendency with Type II. However, mines of Type IV pit mouth, mine-waste field and showed various results depending on defining the contamination sources. For example, if contamination source was pit mouth, the mixed results of Type I, II, II were showed. In tailing sorting field which was regarded as the most important source and having high mobility, however, if there were no facilities or it was difficult to access directly, field sampling was missed occasionally during phase I and phase II survey. For that reason, the assessment for tailing sorting field is missed and it leads to completely different results. In the areas of Type I mines, the concentration of heavy metals exceeded precautionary standards of soil contamination or not within 1,000 meters of pit mouth. Nickel(Ni) was the largest factor of the heavy metal contamination in this type. The heavy metals except Arsenic(As) were shown high levels of concentration in Type II areas, where pit mouth and mine-waste field were operated for making powder in upriver region; therefore, to the areas in the vicinity of midstream and downstream, the high content of heavy metals were shown. The tendency of high level of heavy metals and toxic materials contained in flotation agent used during sorting process were found in soil around sorting and tailing field. In the abandoned-pit-mouth area, drygrinding area and tailing sorting field area, the content of Cupper(Cu) and Zinc(Zn) were higher than other areas. Also, the contaminated area were larger than mine reclamation area(2,000 m) and the location of tailing sorting field was one of the important factors to estimate contaminated area.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2003

폐석회석을 투수 콘크리트용 골재로 활용하여 콘크리트의 공극률, 연속공극률, 투수계수, 압축강도 및 휨강도 등을 측정하였으며,투수 콘크리트의 공극특성과 강도와의 관계에 대하여 고찰하였다. 투수 콘크리트의 공극 및 강도특성은 폐석회석 혼합률에 의한 영향 보다는 골재입자의 크기 및 골재입자 사이의 공극에 의한 영향이 크게 작용하였다. 투수 콘크리트의 공극률과 연속공극률과의 관계 및 공극특성과 강도와의 관계도 양호한 선형관계를 나타내었다. 또한, 폐석회석을 사용한 투수 콘크리트의 투수계수는 0.2cm/sec 이상의 양호한 결과로 보통골재에 비하여 투수성능이 우수하였으며, 강도결과와 종합해 보면 폐석회석을 보도용 콘크리트 또는 식생, 수자원 정화 콘크리트 등으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

This study was carried out to leach valuable metal ions from the mine waste ore using the adapted indigenous bacteria. In order to tolerance the heavy metals, the indigenous bacteria were repeatedly subcultured in the adaptation-medium containing $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ for 3 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively. As the adaptation experiment processed, the pH was rapidly decrease in the adaptation-medium of 6 weeks more than the 3 weeks. The result of bioleaching with the adapted bacteria for 42 days, the pH value of leaching-medium in the 3 weeks tend to increased, whereas the pH of the 6 weeks decreased. In decreasing the pH value in the adaptation-medium and in the leaching-medium, it was identified that the indigenous bacteria were adapted $Cu^{2+}$ the ion and the mine waste ores. The contents of Cu, Fe and Zn in the leaching solution were usually higher leached in 6 weeks than 3 weeks due to the adaptation. Considering the bioleaching rates of Cu, Fe and Zn from these leaching solutions, the highest increasing the efficiency metal ion were found to be Fe. Accordingly, it is expected that the more valuable element ions can be leached out from the any mine waste, if the adapted bacteria with heavy metals will apply in future bioleaching experiments.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOIL & GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT
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• pp.59-61
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• 2005

In Korea, hundreds of abandoned and closed coal and metallic mines are present in the steep mountain valleys due to the depression of the mining industry since the late 1980s. From these mines, enormous amounts of coal waste were dumped on the slopes, which causes sedimentation and acid mine drainage (AMD) to be discharged directly into streams causing detrimental effects on soil and water environments. A limestone slurry by-product (lime cake) is produced from the Solvay process in manufacturing soda ash. It has very fine particles, low hydraulic conductivities ($10^{-8}{\sim}10^{-9}cm/sec$), high pH, high EC due to the presence of CaO, MgO and $CaCl_2$ as major components, and traces of heavy metals. Due to these properties, it has potential to be used as a neutralizer for acid-producing materials. A field plot experiment was used to test the application of lime cake for reclaiming coal wastes. Each plot was 20 x 5 m (L x W) in size on a 56% slope. Treatments included a control (waste only), calcite ($CaCO_3$), and lime cake. The lime requirement (LR) for the coal waste to pH 7.0 was determined and treatments consisted of adding 100%, 50%, and 25% of the LR. The lime cake and calcite were also applied in either a layer between the coal waste and topsoil or mixed into the topsoil and coal waste. Each plot was hydroseeded with grasses and planted with trees. In each plot, surface runoff and subsurface water were collected. The lime cake treatments increased the pH of coal waste from 3.5 to 6, and neutralized the pH of the runoff and leachate of the coal waste from 4.3 to 6.7.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2015

폐광산에 방치되어 있는 폐광석으로부터 유용금속이온을 그 지역 토착박테리아를 이용하여 효과적으로 용출시키고자 하였다. 토착호산성박테리아를 중금속 이온에 내성이 형성될 수 있도록 중금속 이온에 주기적으로 반복 적응시켰다. 그 결과 적응실험이 진행될수록 성장-배양액의 pH가 더 안정적으로 감소하였다. $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$에 9주와 12주 동안 적응시킨 박테리아를 이용하여 42일 동안 미생물용출을 수행한 결과, 용출-배양액의 pH는 적응 횟수에 비례하여 더 빠르게 감소하였다. 황동석과 Cu 함량이 고성 폐광석에 비하여 상대적으로 적게 포함된 연화 폐광석에서 더 많은 박테리아들이 부착하였고, 또한 Cu와 Fe 함량은 고성 박테리아 시료(각각의 용출률 = 66.77%와 21.83%)에 비하여 연화 박테리아 시료(각각의 용출률 = 92.79%와 55.88%)에서 더 많이 용출되었다. 따라서 중금속으로 오염된 광산에 오랫동안 서식한 토착호산성 박테리아를 이용한다면 또한 이 박테리아들을 목적중금속 이온이 포함된 성장-배양액에 계속하여 주기적으로 적응시킨다면, 폐광석으로부터 유용금속이온을 더 효과적으로 용출시킬 수 있을 것으로 확신한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.771-779
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 국내 광산폐기물 적치장 64개소에서 발생하는 침출수의 사후 관리 우선순위를 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 계층분석법(AHP)을 활용하여 침출수 수질, 유출량, 기타 영향요소 등의 평가항목들과 총 10가지의 세부 요소를 선정하고 각각의 가중치를 산출하였다. 가중치는 침출수의 수질 0.769, 유출량 0.147, 기타영향요소 0.084로 산출되어 관리를 위한 우선순위 선정 시 수질부문이 설문조사 평가자들이 가장 중요하게 생각하는 항목으로 확인되었다. 조사결과를 바탕으로 총 64개 적치장 침출수 평가결과는 관리의 시급성에 따라 I~V 등급으로 구분하였으며, I 등급 10개소, II 등급 1개소, III 등급 1개소, IV 등급 33개소, V 등급 19개소로 평가되었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2007

This study has researched the management status and the pollution level of water, soil, stream sediments of 11 abandoned coal mines out of a total of 12 within Obong-Dam area except Bukyung mine, which was submerged when constructing Obong-Dam, and selected areas which are in needs to have pollution control facilities in the first place. From the results of examination on the runoff at the waste rock pile and mineheads, the runoff from Sueun mine (pH, Fe, Al), Samwon mine (pH, Al), Wangdo mine (pH, Al), Mose mine (pH, Fe, Al) and Daeryeong mine (pH) exceeded the permissible discharge standards of the water quality, but the water at merging point with Obong-Dam after joined with Doma branch satisfied both Water Quality Standards and Drinking Water Quality Standards. In regard to groundwater contamination, it is found that areas where exceeded the Drinking Water Quality Standards are Wangdo mine (pH), Jangjae mine (pH, Zn), Daeryeong mine (pH) whereas all areas satisfied Soil Contamination Warning Standards of Soil Environmental Conservation Law. When comparing a research result on underwater sediments of branches of abandoned mines to the EPA Guidelines for classification of great lakes harbor sediments, Dongguk Gaerim (Fe), Jungwon mine (Fe), Daebo mine (Mn), Samwon mine (Mn) and Daeryeong mine (Mn) showed mid-level of contamination, whereas Sueun (Fe, Mn), Daebo mine (Fe), Woosung mine (Fe, Mn), Wangdo mine (Fe, Mn), Mose mine (Fe) and Daeryeong mine (Fe) showed high-level of contamination. In addition, contamination levels of underwater sediments in Wangsan and Doma branch where abandoned mine's branches merge together, Wangsan branch showed no contamination at all whereas Doma branch shows mid-level of contamination which reflect the Doma branch is affected by waste rock pile and minehead runoff of the abandoned mines in the Doma branch area. It is concluded that Mose mine and Sueun mine required treatment of acid mine drainage. and Wangdo, Jungwon, and Samwon mines were in need of mine tailing and erosion control work. The Samwon mine additionally required a control system for closed minehead runoff. Although the Samwon mine reached a high concentration of Al, Mn $Ca^{2+}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ in the runoff, the levels decreased after it was combined with a tributary. It has been concluded that after further monitoring of the cause of pollution, a preventive measure system may be needed to be built.