• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2005

남한강 상류지역의 금속광산인 거도, 만정, 조일광산은 1988년 석탄광산합리화 사업과 더불어 폐광되었으며, 휴$\cdot$폐광된 이후 다량의 광산 폐기물을 방치하여 주변환경을 오염시키고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 광미, 폐석 등의 이동에 의한 주변의 토양오염에 대한 정량적 평가가 없기 때문에 이들 광산폐기물에 의한 오염정도를 확인하기 어렵다. 따라서 폐광된 거도, 만정, 조일 광산의 광산 폐석에 의한 수질 오염 가능성 평가를 위해 각 광산에서 폐석 시료를 채취하였으며, HCl 처리 농도에 따라 지화학적 농축 계수(Index of geoaccumulation), 중금속 존재 형태와 이동성에 관하여 조사하였다. 카드뮴, 납, 아연, 구리, 니켈 그리고 크롬의 지화학적 농축 계수는 각각 6, $4\~6,\;0\~6,\;4\~5$, 2, 0을 나타냈다. 광산 폐석에서 카드미뮴, 납, 아연, 구리의 지화학적 농축계수 분석을 통하여 이러한 지역이 상당한 오염 가능성을 알 수 있었다. 광산 폐석에서 중금속의 존재 형태는 구리의 경우 유기물 형태, 납은 탄산염 형태, 니켈과 아연은 잔류상 형태로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.667-676
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• 2012

This research investigated to reduce mass of heavy metals in AMD(acid mine drainage) by microbial mats formed on the channel bed. As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn components were monitored in water and microbial mats, at three points (AMD1, AMD2 and AMD3), in a total of six times. Average daily discharge mass of heavy metals was highest in July, Fe component contained more than 76% of total discharge mass. Discharge mass of heavy metals of AMD and heavy metal contents in microbial mats decreased with downstream at channel. Heavy metal components that average daily discharge mass is over 0.5 kg were Fe, Cu and Zn, and they were highest in July. Average removal efficiency of heavy metals in AMD was highest about 21% in Fe, this microbial mats were due to form from precipitation of Fe component in AMD by aerobic iron bacteria. Relative content for As component in microbial mats than AMD was over 16 times, this As components were due to absorb at iron oxide and iron hydroxide on the surface of microbial mats.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2010

The contaminated soils near abandoned mine area can threaten human's health and natural ecosystems through multiple pathways. Remediation of contaminated soil using physicochemical technologies are expensive and destructive of soil environments. On the other hand, environmentally friendly approach that maximize biological remediation, that is, phytoremediation, attracts attention as a low carbon green growth technology. This research is a field demonstration study, focused on the enhanced phytoremediation by bioaugmenting PGPR(Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria)that is helpful on the growth of and heavy metal removal by Echinochloa frumentacea, at a Zn contaminated paddy soil near SamBo mine at Hwasung, Kyunggi. The results showed that the zinc removal by the plant with PSM(Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria), a kind of PGPR, was three times higher than that by the control. The results are valuable as it is a result from the field-scale technology demonstration. The results also implies that application of PGPR can enhance heavy metal removal from contaminated soil in full scale phytoremediation using Echinochloa frumentacea.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2011

This study had been carried out to investigate spatial and temporal variations of the concentrations of trace metals for contaminated surface water in creek affected by leachate from the tailings impoundment of the Yeonhwa II mine for about 2 years. It was also to ascertain the metal removal efficiency for potentially deleterious metals by the artificial and natural attenuation processes such as retention ponds and hydrologic mixing of uncontaminated tributaries. The concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, and Cu for leachate in the rainy season were not detected. On the other hand, the concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Al, and $SO_4^{2-}$ in the rainy season for leachate were 2-66 times higher than those in the dry season, due to the oxidation of the sulfide minerals and the dissolution of the secondary minerals. The concentrations of Zn and Cd for leachate and surface water of the upper creek in the rainy season exceeded the criteria of River Water Quality and Drinking Water Quality but in the dry season, those of analyzed all the metals (As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Al) for surface water sampled at the study area were below the criteria of River Water Quality and Drinking Water Quality. In regard of the attenuation efficiency for the concentrations of metals, Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Cd, As, and Cu were removed highly at retention ponds, while the removal efficiency for major cations and sulfate ($SO_4^{2-}$) were related to mixing of the uncontaminated tributaries. Therefore, the major attenuation processes of the metal and sulfate contents in creek affected by leachate from a tailing dump were precipitation (accompanied by metal co-precipitation and sorption), water dilution, and neutralization.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998년도 공동 심포지엄 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.183-188
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• 1998

The efficiency of removing cadmium, copper, and lead from a contaminated soil of abandoned metal mine was studied in a laboratory investigation where citric acid were used to extract the metal from the soil. The contamination level of Pb, Cu in the soil A were 875.5, 667.5mg/kg respectively. The mobility and bioavailability of the metals in soil were also estimated by Sequential Chemical Extractions. Citric acid were examined for its potential extractive capabilities. Concentrations of the acid examined in this study ranged from 0.025 to 0.15M. The pH of the suspensions and S/S ratio in which the extractions were performed ranged from 2.4 to 8.1, and from 2.1:1 to 20:1. Results showed that the removal of contaminant using citric acid was pH and S/S raton dependent.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2014

Iron precipitating organisms play a significant role in the formation of ferric hydroxide precipitate, which acts as strong adsorbent for toxic metal. In this respect four different iron precipitating cultures were isolated from Hutti gold mine surface winze water sample on citrate agar medium. The best isolate was screened out for metal removal study on the basis of fast visual iron precipitation. The selected isolate was identified as Enterobacter sp. based on routine biochemical tests and Biolog GN microplate results and as Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (GenBank accession number EU429448). Influence of medium composition, medium initial pH, the influence of inoculum size, effect of various media and ferric ammonium citrate concentration were studied on metal removal in shake flask experiments. Under the optimized conditions studied, E. cloacae showed $94{\pm}2$, $95{\pm}2$ and $70{\pm}2%$ of cadmium, copper and mercury removal from a simulated waste in shake flask studies. In lab scale column reactor more than 85% of copper and mercury removal was achieved.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 석탄광산 배수(CMD)를 전기정화법으로 처리 시 발생되는 슬러지를 흡착제로 금속광산 산성배수(AMD)중 중금속 처리 시 pH와 온도변화에 따른 중금속 흡착 거동을 연구하고자 하였다. 실험결과 CMDS의 pH$_{zero\;point\; charge}$:(pH$_{zpc}$)는 5로 나타났다. pH영향의 경우 구리, 아연, 카드뮴, 철은 pH 증가에 따라 제거율은 증가하였고, 구리의 경우 흡착량은 pH와 상관없이 0.64 mg g$^{-1}$ sludge로 나타났다. pH 5 이상일 때 기타 중금속 흡착량은 pH3일 때의 1.1 배로 나타났고 크롬의 경우 pH 7 이상에서 다소 증가하였는데 이는 크롬이 $Cr(OH)_{6}^{3-}$형태로 미량 용출되었기 때문이다. 온도의 영향에서 pH3일때 온도증가에 따라 중금속 흡착량은 증가하였고, 선택도Cd>Fe>Zn>Cu순으로 나타났다. pH 5이상에서 최대 흡착량(q$_{max}$)은 Cu와 Zn의 경우 각각 2.747mg g$^{-1}$와 2.525mg g$^{-1}$로 더 이상의 흡착이 일어나지 않아 온도의 영향을 받지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.725-731
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• 2010

This study was to evaluate the ozone oxidation of dissolved Fe, Mn, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ ions and color in abandoned mining drainage by conducting a bench-scale operation at various reaction times in an ozone reactor. The influent was collected from an abandoned mine drainage (AMD) near the J Mine in Jungsungun, Kangwon Province. The ozone reactor was operated at ozone reaction times of 10, 20 and 30 min with ozone doses of 0.0 and $2.4g\;O_3/hr$. Samples from each effluent from subsequent sand filtration were regularly collected and analyzed for pH, Fe, Mn, Al, Cr, Hg, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, alkalinity, color, ORP, TDS and EC. The effluent concentrations of Fe and Mn from the sand filter were less than 0.1 mg/L, which were below the concentrations on Korean drinking water quality standards (Fe, Mn < 0.30 mg/L). The influent $SO{_4}^{2-}$, concentrations were not noticeably changed during this ozone oxidation. Cr and Hg in the raw wastewater from the abandoned mining drainage were not detected in this study. The experimental result shows that the ozone oxidation of dissolved heavy metals and subsequent sand filtration of metal precipitates are desirable alternative for removing heavy metals in AMD.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 석탄 광산배수에 함유된 중금속을 부유선별로 제거하기에 앞서 부유선별 조건에 영향을 미치는 철, 망간, 알루미늄 이온의 침전특성을 알아보았다. Fe(III), Mn(II), Al(III) 이온을 NaOH와 반응시켜 1 h 동안 침전시키면 Fe(III)은 pH 5.0 이상에서, Mn(II)은 pH 10.0 이상에서 그리고 Al(III)은 pH $6.0{\sim}9.0$의 범위에서 대부분 침전되어 여액에 $1.0mgL^{-1}$ 이하로 잔류되었다. Fe(III), Mn(II), Al(III)의 혼합 용액에 포수제인 올레인산나트륨을 첨가하였을 경우, 각각의 중금속 이온은 올레인산나트륨과 반응하여 불용성 염을 거의 형성하지 않았기 때문에 침전 부선법으로 광산배수에 함유된 중금속을 제거해야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.63-75
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 폐탄광폐수를 처리하기 위한 SRB의 탄소원으로 하수슬러지와 제지슬러지를 활용가능성과 아울러 석회석에 의한 영향을 검토하였다. 유입 폐탄광폐수의 pH가 평균 3.3정도로 낮음에도 불구하고 전 실험기간동안에 유출수중 평균 pH는 약알칼리성으로 SRB의 생육에 적합한 pH를 유지하였다. 실험초기에 Washout현상으로 높은 TCODcr농도를 나타내었지만 시간이 경과함에 따라 낮아져 유기물의 상승으로 인한 이차적인 오염문제는 없을 것으로 여겨진다. Mn을 제외한 대부분의 중금속은 ${SO_4}^2$ 환원량이 많아짐에 따라 고정경향이 강하여 유출수 중 낮은 농도를 나타내었으나, Mn의 경우에는 유출수중 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 하수슬러지의 혼합비율이 제지슬러지와 같거나 많은 경우에 비교적 중금속 제거효율과 ${SO_4}^2$ 환원율이 높으나 제지슬러지 보다 단기간 분해가능한 하수슬러지가 2배 정도 많은 경우에 유기물의 지속성 측면에서 적절하지 못하며 오히려 혼합비율이 같은 경우가 더 적절하다고 여겨진다. 석회석과 생물학적 처리에 의한 효율을 비교.검토해본 결과, 생물학적 처리에서 pH 중화와 중금속 제거효율이 높았다.