• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권spc1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2005

1) 현미 품위는 무경운 짚 피복 벼 작부체계(SMNTRCS)와 무경운 짚 피복 벼-자운영 작부체계(SMNTRVCS)가 관햄 벼-보리 작부체계(CRBCS)와 관행 벼 작부체계(CRCS)보다 좋은 경향을 나타내었다. 백미 품위는 SMN TRCS에서 가장 우수하였다. 2) Mg와 K의 함량은 SMNTRVCS에서 가장 높았으며 Na 함량과 Mg/K는 CRCS에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 3) 단백질함량은 SMNTRCS에서 가장 높았으며, SMNTRVCS, CRBCS 및 CRCS순으로 감소하였다. 아밀로스함량은 SMNTRVCS에서 다른 작부체계에 비해 높게 나타났다. 4) 알카리붕괴도는 $1.2\%$ KOH농도에서 작부체계별 품종간 변이가 가장크게 나타났다. 모든 KOH농도에서 알카리붕괴도는 CRBCS에서 가장크게 나타났으며, CRCS가 가장 낮았다. 5) 양질미 생산을 위해서는 유기물 투입으로 질소시비량을 줄일 수 있는 작부 체계인 SMNTRCS 및 SMNTRVCS가 가장 유리 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.182-184
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• 1980

벼를 현미(玄米)와 쌀로 가공(加工)할 때 유의(留意)해야 할 가공(加工) 특성(特性)을 구명(究明)하고저 11개(個) 품종(品種)을 대상(對象)으로 하여 시험(試驗)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 제현시(製玄時) 사용(使用)되는 사목(飾目)의 크기에 따른 제현률차(製玄率差)는 현미립(玄米粒)의 넓이 및 두께와 부(負)의 상관(相關)이 있었다. 2. 현백(玄白) 과정(過程)에서 생기는 쇄미률(碎米率)은 현미(玄米) 입장(粒長)과 상관(相關)이 있었다. 3. 공시(供試) 품종중(品種中) 협형(狹形)과 장립종(長粒種)에 해당(該當)되는 것은 없었다. 4. 쌀의 백도(白度)는 동일(同一)한 수준(氷準)의 도정도(搗精度)에서 $12{\sim}32M$의 범위에 폭(幅)넓게 분포(分布)되어 있었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.331-331
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• 2017

This study was conducted to know the influence of air temperature and sunshine duration on yield, chemical component, pigment color difference and starch characteristics of two colored rice cultivars in the plain area of Yeongnam province in Korea. The $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ value of brown rice in Hongjinju and Josaengheugchal rice cultivars was significantly different at continuous cultivated years, 2015 and 2016. The $L^*$, $b^*$ value of two colored rice was significantly increased in 2016 compared to 2015. The $a^*$ value of Josengheugchal rice cultivar was also significantly higher at 2016 than at 2015. It can be noticed the $a^*$, $b^*$, $L^*$ values in Josaengheugchal varied more than those in Hongjinju. Air temperature during ripening period in 2016 was higher than 2015, especially minimum temperature was too high to proper maturation for rice quality. In Josaengheugchal rice cultivar, sunshine duration after heading was longer in 2016 than in 2015. On the contrary, Hongjinju rice cultivar was ripened under condition of insufficient sunshine duration in 2016. The short growing duration by high temperature and long shiny duration made the lack of pigment for Josaengheugchal brown rice. In Hongjinju rice cultivar, shorten sunshine duration and higher night temperature were the source of the pigment deficiency. The grain size of rice which produced in 2016 was bigger than that of 2015 in both rice cultivars. The 1,000 grain weight of rice from 2016 was also bigger than that of 2015. Head rice ratio was high in the rice cultivars produced in 2015. Protein of milled rice in 2016 was more decreased than that of 2015 in Josaengheugchal rice cultivar, it showed reverse result in Hongjinju rice cultivar. Amylose contents of milled rice in 2016 were more decreased than that of 2015 in Hongjinju rice cultivar. Branch chain length distribution of amylopectin was shown a distinct difference between Josaengheugchal and Hongjinju rice flours by each produced year. Josaengheugchal rice cultivar produced in 2015 had a higher amount of short chains than that of 2016 rice starches. In Josaengheugchal rice cultivar, the pasting temperature and peak, trough, breakdown, final viscosity increased in rice flour which produced at 2016, whereas the setback viscosity and peak time showed lower value than those of rice from 2015. The most pasting properties (except of setback viscosity) of rice starch in Hongjinju rice cultivar grown in 2015 were higher than those of rice cultivar produced in 2016.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.327-327
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• 2017

The effect of different seedling ages and transplanting times on the growth and yield of Indica ${\times}$ Japonica rice for noodle processing was evaluated to develop a high yielding cultivation technology for increasing the competition against the imported foreign rice. Four seedling ages (10-, 20-, 30- and 33-day old) of two Indica ${\times}$ Japonica rice cultivars (cvs. Saemimyeon and Palbangmi) and three transplanting dates (May 20, May 30 and June 9) were used in the study. Our results showed that the growth and rice yield of the two cultivars were significantly affected by the different seedling ages and transplanting times. Dry matter production at the panicle heading of the two rice cultivars were generally higher in the 30-day old seedling than the other seedling age treatments and then gradually decreased as the transplanting time was delayed from May 20 to June 9. Similar high panicle number per square meter were recorded at the 30-day old seedling between May 20-May 30 transplanting times. In contrast, other yield parameters that includes spikelet number per panicle, 1,000-brown rice weight, and ripened grain ratio (except for the June 9 transplanting time of Palbangmi) were not significantly affected. The milled rice yield of Saemimyeon was higher than that of the Palbangmi regardless of seedling ages and it was also the highest at the 30-day old seedling with four seedling ages. The milled rice yield of Saemimyeon was only slightly decreased as the transplanting time was delayed from the May 20 to June 9 but Palbangmi had a significantly lower milled rice yield at June 9 transplanting due to the low ripened grain ratio. The result indicates that the most suitable seedling age for the cultivars tested was at 30-day old seedling for noodle processing rice and recommended transplanting times were between May 20 and May 30 for the high rice yield in the Yeongnam plain area.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2008

쌀 수입 개방과 소비량이 감소되고 국민의 생활수준이 향상 되면서 소비자는 고품질의 농산물을 추구하게 되었고, 밥맛이 좋은 품종 및 재배방법 개발에 대한 연구가 필요하게 되었다. 이와 같은 노력의 결과 일품벼를 육성하여 농업인에게 보급하였고 밥맛이 좋으면서 단위면적당 쌀수량이 많아서 농업인이 선호하게 되었다. 하지만 일품벼에 대한 선호도가 향상되는 단계에서 농협 및 지자체에서 쌀을 브랜드화 하면서 대형 미곡종합처리장이 설립되고 시설이 좋아지면서 벼를 산물로 수매하게 되고, 도정률에 의한 차등수매 체제로 변화되었다. 이러한 상황변화는 도정률이 낮은 품종을 미곡종합처리장 에서 수매를 기피하게 (RPC) 되고 이는 농업인이 외면하는 상태가 되었다. 그래서 본 연구는 도정률에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하여 일품벼의 도정률을 향상시키고, 품종육성 및 재배기술 개발에 기초자료를 제공 하고자 수행하여 얻은 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 1. 이삭당 영화수는 일품벼가 105개, 추청벼가 70개로 일품벼가 35개 많았으며, 지경별로 보면 1차지경의 벼알수 비율은 일품벼 56.2%, 추청벼 61.4%로 추청벼가 많고, 2차지경의 벼알수 비율은 일품벼가 43.3%, 추청벼가 37.9%이었다. 2. 등숙정도를 정조의 비중선에 의하여 분류하면 일품벼가 추청벼보다 충실도가 낮았는데, 일품벼와 추청벼의 차이는 정선 후에 0.47%, 비중 1.00에서 1.28%, 비중 1.10에서 6.27%, 비중 1.20에서 31.67% 낮았다. 3. 왕겨 1개의 무게는 일품벼 4.16 mg, 추청벼 3.92 mg이었으며, 정조 1 kg의 왕겨 무게는 일품벼 157.36 g, 추청벼 151.31 g으로 왕겨비율은 일품벼는 15.74%, 추청벼는 15.13%로 일품벼가 추청벼보다 0.61% 높았다. 4. 도정률은 콤바인 수확 산물벼의 정현비율은 일품벼가 81.22%, 추청벼가 82.52%로 일품벼가 추청벼보다 1.30% 낮았고, 현백비율은 일품벼가 92.14%, 추청벼가 92.51%로 일품벼가 추청벼보다 0.37% 낮았다. 5. 일품벼가 추청벼보다 도정률이 1.67% 낮은데 요인별로 분석 하면 왕겨의 무게 0.61%, 현백비율 0.37% 및 등숙정도 0.69%이다. 이는 왕겨무게와 현백비율은 유전적인 요인으로 극복하기 어렵지만 등숙정도에 영향하는 0.69%는 재배 및 수확 후 관리를 철저히 할 경우 경감시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2001

Milling the rice with low moisture requires more energy, produces more cracked rice, and results in reducing taste of cooked rice. Accordingly, it is necessary to add moisture to the rice with low moisture to obtain optimum moisture level for milling and taste of rice. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of initial moisture content and absorption rate on rice crack, milling energy and whiteness of milled rice and to obtain the information for design of rewetting system mounted on stirring device in grain bin. The tests were conducted for the four levels of initial moisture content in the range of 11.4 to 14.5%(w.b.) and six levels of absorption rate in the range of 0.04 to 1.0%, w.b./hr. In the case of lower moisture content below 12%(w.b.), crack ratios of brown rice were remarkably high regardless of initial moisture contents. Therefore, it was found that rough rice below 12%(w.b.) in initial moisture content could not rewetted by spraying water without crack generation of low level. Absorption rate must be below 0.3%, w.b./hr to maintain crack ratio increase of less than 1% regardless of initial moisture contents. In the case of allowable crack ratio increase of 2% and 5%, it was found that the maximum absorprion rate was respectively 0.6%, w.b./hr and 1.0%, w.b./hr in the initial moisture content of above 13.5%(w.b.). Rewetting the rough rice in moisture content of 11.4 to 14.5%(w.b.) to 14.3 to 16.9%(w.b.) decreased milling energy consumption by 15.9 to 22.3%. The effect of energy saving was higher in the samples of higher initial moisture content. Whiteness of milled rice was decreased by 0.5 to 1.5.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.15-15
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• 1976

In analyzing the operational characteristics of a rice whitening machine, the internal radial pressure of the machine was measured using strain gage equipment. Changes in cylinder and feed screw configurations, screen type, cylinder speed and counter-pressure levels were examined to determine their impact on the quality and quantity of milled rice and the performance of the machine. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The internal radial pressure in the whitening chamber varied with the surface condition of the grain being processed. During the first or second pass through the machine, pressure was relatively low, reached a maximum after two to three passes with combinations I and II, three to six with combination III and then began to fall. 2. The pitch of the feed screw and the size of the feed gate opening which determine the rate of entry of grain into the whitening chamber, appeared to be the most important factor aff-::cting the degree of radial pressure, quality and quantity of milled rice and the efficiency of the machine. Using a feed screw with a wide pitch (4.8cm), radial pressure was relatively high and head rice recovery ratio \vere quite low. In this case capacity and machine effic?iency were much higher than obtained when using a feed screw with a narrow pitch (2.3cm). Very significant responses in radial pressure, head rice recovery rates and machine capacity were observed with changes in cylinder speed and counter-pressure levels when using the wide pitch feed screw. 3. The characteristics of the screen which surrounds the whitening chamber had an important effect on whitening efficiency. The existence of small protuberances on the original screen resulted in significant increases in both machine capacity and efficiency but without a significant decrease in head rice recovery or development of excessive radial pressure. Further work is required to determine the effects of screen surface conditions and the shape of the cylinderical steel roller on the rate of bran removal, machine efficiency and recovery rates. The size of the slotted perforations 0:1 the screen affects total milled rice recovery. The opening size on the original screen was fabricated to accommodate the round shape of Japonica rice varieties but was not suitable for the more slender Indica type. Milling Indica varieties with this screen resulted in a reduction in total milled rice recovery. 4. An increase in cylinder speed from 380 to 820 rpm produced a positive effect on head rice recovery for all machine combinations at every level of counter-pressure used in the tests. Head rice recovery was considerably lower at 380rpm using a wide screw pitch when compared to the results obtained at speeds from 600 to 820 r.p.m. The effects of cylinder speed On radial pressure, capacity and machine efficiency showed contrasting results, depending on the width of the feed screw pitch. With a narrow feed screw pitch (2.3cm), a direct proportional relationship was observed bet?ween cylinder speed and both radial pressure and machine efficiency. In contrast, using a 4.8 centimeter pitch feed roller produced a series of inverse relationships between the above variables. Based on the results of this study it is recommended when milling Indica type long grain rice varieties that the cylinder speed of the original machine be increased from 500-600 rmp up to a minimum of 800 rpm to obtain a greater abrasive effect between the grain and the screen. The pitch of the feed screw should be also reduced to decr?ease the level of internal radial pressure and to obtain higher machine efficiency and increased quality of milled rice with increased cylinder speeds. Further study on the interaction between cylinder speed and feed screw pitch is recommended. 5. An increase in the counter pressure level produced a negative effect On the head rice recovery with an increase in radial pressure, capacity, and machine efficiency over all combinations and at every level of cylinder speed. 6. Head rice recovery rates were conditioned primarily by the pressure inside the whitening chamber. According to the empirical cha racteristics curve developed in this study, the relationships of head rice recovery ($Y_h$) and machine capacity ($Y_c$/TEX>) to internal radial pressure ($X_p$) followed an inverse quadratic function and a linear function respectively: $$Y_h^\Delta=\frac{1}{{1.4383-0.2951X_p^\ast+0.1425X_p^{\ast\ast}}^2} , (R^2=0.98)$$$$Y_c^\Delta=-305.83+374.37X_p^{\ast\ast}, (R^2=0.88)$$The correlation between capacity and power consumption per unit of brown rice expressed in the following exponential function: $$Y_c^\Delta=1.63Y_c^{-0.7786^\{\ast\ast}, (R^2=0.94)$$These relationships indicate that when radial pressure increases above a certain range (1. 6 to 2.0 kg/$cm^2$ based On the results of the experiment) head ricerecovery decrea?ses in a quadratic relation with a inear increase in capacity but without any decrease in power consump tion per unit of brown rice. On the other hand, if radial pressure is below the range shown above, power consumption increases dramatically with a lin?ear decrease in capacity but without significant increases in head rice recovery. During the operation of a given whitening machine, the optimum radial pressure range or the correct capacity range should be selected by controlling the feed rate and/or counter-pressure keeping in mind the condition of the grain, particulary the hardness. It was observed that the total number of passes is related to radial pessure level, feed rate and counter-pressure level. The higher theradial pressure the fewer num?ber of pass required but with decreased head rice recovery. In particular, when using high feed rates, the total number of passes should be increased to more than three by reducing the counter-pressure level to avoid decreaseases in head rice recovery (less than 65 percent head rice recovery on the basis of brown rice) at every cylinder speed. 7. A rapid rise in grain temperature seemed to have a close relationship with the pressure generated inside the whitening chamber and, subsequently with head rice reco?very rates. The higher the rate of increase, the lower were the resulting head rice recoveries.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.17-48
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• 1976

In analyzing the operational characteristics of a rice whitening machine, the internal radial pressure of the machine was measured using strain gage equipment. Changes in cylinder and feed screw configurations, screen type, cylinder speed and counter-pressure levels were examined to determine their impact on the quality and quantity of milled rice and the performance of the machine. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The internal radial pressure in the whitening chamber varied with the surface condition of the grain being processed. During the first or second pass through the machine, pressure was relatively low, reached a maximum after two to three passes with combinations I and II, three to six with combination III and then began to fall. 2. The pitch of the feed screw and the size of the feed gate opening which determine the rate of entry of grain into the whitening chamber, appeared to be the most important factor aff-::cting the degree of radial pressure, quality and quantity of milled rice and the efficiency of the machine. Using a feed screw with a wide pitch (4.8cm), radial pressure was relatively high and head rice recovery ratio \vere quite low. In this case capacity and machine effic\ulcorneriency were much higher than obtained when using a feed screw with a narrow pitch (2.3cm). Very significant responses in radial pressure, head rice recovery rates and machine capacity were observed with changes in cylinder speed and counter-pressure levels when using the wide pitch feed screw. 3. The characteristics of the screen which surrounds the whitening chamber had an important effect on whitening efficiency. The existence of small protuberances on the original screen resulted in significant increases in both machine capacity and efficiency but without a significant decrease in head rice recovery or development of excessive radial pressure. Further work is required to determine the effects of screen surface conditions and the shape of the cylinderical steel roller on the rate of bran removal, machine efficiency and recovery rates. The size of the slotted perforations 0:1 the screen affects total milled rice recovery. The opening size on the original screen was fabricated to accommodate the round shape of Japonica rice varieties but was not suitable for the more slender Indica type. Milling Indica varieties with this screen resulted in a reduction in total milled rice recovery. 4. An increase in cylinder speed from 380 to 820 rpm produced a positive effect on head rice recovery for all machine combinations at every level of counter-pressure used in the tests. Head rice recovery was considerably lower at 380rpm using a wide screw pitch when compared to the results obtained at speeds from 600 to 820 r.p.m. The effects of cylinder speed On radial pressure, capacity and machine efficiency showed contrasting results, depending on the width of the feed screw pitch. With a narrow feed screw pitch (2.3cm), a direct proportional relationship was observed bet\ulcornerween cylinder speed and both radial pressure and machine efficiency. In contrast, using a 4.8 centimeter pitch feed roller produced a series of inverse relationships between the above variables. Based on the results of this study it is recommended when milling Indica type long grain rice varieties that the cylinder speed of the original machine be increased from 500-600 rmp up to a minimum of 800 rpm to obtain a greater abrasive effect between the grain and the screen. The pitch of the feed screw should be also reduced to decr\ulcornerease the level of internal radial pressure and to obtain higher machine efficiency and increased quality of milled rice with increased cylinder speeds. Further study on the interaction between cylinder speed and feed screw pitch is recommended. 5. An increase in the counter pressure level produced a negative effect On the head rice recovery with an increase in radial pressure, capacity, and machine efficiency over all combinations and at every level of cylinder speed. 6. Head rice recovery rates were conditioned primarily by the pressure inside the whitening chamber. According to the empirical cha racteristics curve developed in this study, the relationships of head rice recovery ($Y_h$) and machine capacity ($Y_c$/TEX>) to internal radial pressure ($X_p$) followed an inverse quadratic function and a linear function respectively: $$Y_h^\Delta=\frac{1}{{1.4383-0.2951X_p^\ast+0.1425X_p^{\ast\ast}}^2} , (R^2=0.98)$$ $$Y_c^\Delta=-305.83+374.37X_p^{\ast\ast}, (R^2=0.88)$$ The correlation between capacity and power consumption per unit of brown rice expressed in the following exponential function: $$Y_c^\Delta=1.63Y_c^{-0.7786^\{\ast\ast}, (R^2=0.94)$$ These relationships indicate that when radial pressure increases above a certain range (1. 6 to 2.0 kg/$cm^2$ based On the results of the experiment) head ricerecovery decrea\ulcornerses in a quadratic relation with a inear increase in capacity but without any decrease in power consump tion per unit of brown rice. On the other hand, if radial pressure is below the range shown above, power consumption increases dramatically with a lin\ulcornerear decrease in capacity but without significant increases in head rice recovery. During the operation of a given whitening machine, the optimum radial pressure range or the correct capacity range should be selected by controlling the feed rate and/or counter-pressure keeping in mind the condition of the grain, particulary the hardness. It was observed that the total number of passes is related to radial pessure level, feed rate and counter-pressure level. The higher theradial pressure the fewer num\ulcornerber of pass required but with decreased head rice recovery. In particular, when using high feed rates, the total number of passes should be increased to more than three by reducing the counter-pressure level to avoid decreaseases in head rice recovery (less than 65 percent head rice recovery on the basis of brown rice) at every cylinder speed. 7. A rapid rise in grain temperature seemed to have a close relationship with the pressure generated inside the whitening chamber and, subsequently with head rice reco\ulcornervery rates. The higher the rate of increase, the lower were the resulting head rice recoveries.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to determine amino acid and protein contents of brown and milled non-glutinous rice of 13 cultivars in Korea. Protein contents of MRs (milled rices) were in order of Haepum (7.27%) > Hanareum No. 4 (7.14%) > Odae (6.84%). Protein contents of BRs (brown rices) were in order of Haepum (7.68%) > Odae (7.63%) > Hanareum No. 4 (7.60%). The amino acid content was the highest in Haepum (MR 5.76%, BR 6.49%), followed by Haedeul (MR 5.71%, BR 6.30%), and Odae (MR 5.63%, BR 6.29%). The essential amino acid contents of non-glutinous rices were in order of Haepum (MR 2.34%, BR 2.57%) > Haedeul (MR 2.31%, BR 2.48%) > Odae (MR 2.20%, BR 2.56%). The contents of amino acid and protein in BRs were considerably higher than those in MRs. Protein and most of amino acid contents were higher in Haepum than the other cultivars. The certificated reference material (CRM) 1849a (infant/adults nutritional formular) from National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) was used as the test sample to determine the precision and accuracy of the analytical method. The regression analyses revealed good correlations (correlation coefficient), greater than 0.99. The recovery values of the amino acids ranged from 93.17 to 99.59%. The limit of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.01 - 0.07 mg·100 g^-1 and the limit of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.03 - 0.21 mg·100 g^-1 for all analytes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.145-149
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• 1997

쌀의 저장시 지방질의 가수분해나 산화에 의해 off flavor를 생성하여 쌀의 품질을 저하시키는데 있어 촉매작용을 하는 lipoxygenase 활성을 비색법으로 측정하였다. 기질농도와 효소반응속도와의 상호관계를 검토하고, 최적 pH를 조사하였으며, 도정도에 따른 현미 각 부분의 효소활성을 알아보았다. 0.2 mM의 linoleic acid/phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)와 반응시켰을 때 반응시간에 따른 효소활성은 동진이 3시간, 금오가 4시간, 간척이 5시간까지 효소활성이 증가하였다. 기질의 농도와 효소액과의 반응속도 관계를 Lineweaver-Burk plotting으로 해석한 결과 $V_{max}$는 동진, 금오 및 간척벼는 각각 57.89, 19.85, 31.38 unit/mg protein이었고, $K_m$은 동진, 금오 및 간척벼 각각 0.054, 0.045, 0.035 mM이었다. 현미의 lipoxygenase의 활성은 동진벼의 경우 pH 7.6, 간척벼는 pH 7.0, 금오벼는 pH 7.0에서 최적의 활성을 나타내었다. 도정도에 따른 현미 각 부분의 효소활성 및 비활성은 동진, 금오 및 간척벼 모두 획분 II에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였으며 획분 IV에서 가장 낮은 값의 활성을 보였다. 세 품종의 현미에 microwave로 0, 30, 60, 90초간 가열처리하였을 때 효소활성 및 효소의 비활성은 대조구에 비해 90초간 가열처리했을 때 효소활성의 경우 동진, 금오 및 간척벼는 27.4%, 52.2%, 17.1%로 감소하였으며, 효소의 비활성도 42.6%, 76.7%, 23.4% 정도로 감소하였다.