• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.573-579
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• 2000

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2005년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.302-307
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• 2005

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권sup호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

본 연구는 우리나라 여름철 고온기, 특히 폭염 시에 젖소의 생산성을 유지시켜 주기 위한 방법으로 빗물저장시스템을 이용하여 착유우사 지붕에 저장빗물 관수를 실시했을 때와 실시하지 않았을 때의 우사내외 온도, 착유우 산유량, 호흡수 및 직장온도 등의 변화를 측정하여 비교하였다. 1. 사료섭취량은 옥수수사일리지의 경우, 우사지붕에 관수를 하지 않았을 때는 29.7 kg을 섭취한 반면에 관수를 했을 때는 34.9 kg을 섭취했으며, 농후사료는 각각 9.2, 10.2 kg을 섭취하였다. 2. 우사지붕에 관수를 했을 때와 관수를 하지 않았을 때의 온도를 상호비교를 해 보면, 우사지붕의 온도는 관수를 했을 때는 관수를 하지 않았을 때보다 $3.6^{\circ}C$가 낮았고, 우사 내부의 온도도 $4.4^{\circ}C$가 낮았다. 3. 시험기간 중 두당 일평균 산유량을 보면 우사지붕에 관수를 하지 않았을 때는 24.5 kg으로 조사되었고, 관수를 했을 때는 27.4 kg으로 조사되어 관수를 실시했을 경우, 관수를 하지 않았을 때보다 11.8%의 산유량이 증가하는 효과를 보였다. 4. 착유우 호흡수는 우사지붕에 관수를 하지 않았을 때는 114.0회/분으로 조사되었고, 관수를 했을 때는 96.7회/분으로 조사되었으며, 관수를 실시했을 경우, 관수를 하지 않았을 때보다 호흡수가 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 5. 착유우의 직장온도는 우사지붕에 관수를 하지 않았을 때는 $40.6^{\circ}C$로 조사되었으나, 관수를 했을 때는 $39.8^{\circ}C$로 조사되어 관수를 하지 않았을 때보다 직장온도가 $0.8^{\circ}C$ 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 여름철 폭염기에 착유우의 고온스트레스를 경감시켜 착유우의 생산성을 지속시키기 위해서는 빗물저장시스템을 이용하여 우사 지붕을 관수하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

본 실험은 원유 등급제 실시 이후(1993년 6월), 원유의 유질 개선 실태를 파악하고자 실시하였다. 본 실험을 통하여 제주산 시유를 비롯한 유제품의 청정 고품질 이미지 화산과 국제 자유 도시 계획 수립을 위한낙농 산업 육성 자료로 활용코자 제주산 원유의 화학적 조성과 미생물학적 품질을 조사 분석하였다. 착유시설은 등급제 실시 이후 많이 개선되었고 또한 타도와의 비교에서도 많이 개선되었다. 전착유 실시 및 예냉기 설치와 자가 노동력 비율은 높았으나, 체세포수와 관련이 깊은 유방염 정기 검사 실시 농가 비율은 낮았다. 세균수 등급은 1등급A 출현율이 80.64%로 실시 이전에 비해 많이 개선되었고, 여름철에는 세균이 많이 검출되었으나, 전국 평균치와 별 차이가 없었다. 체세포는 1등급이 38.5%, 2등급이 32.0%로 여름철에 체세포수가 많았으며, 전국 평균치를 약간 상회하는 수준이었다. 일반 성분에서 년평균 지방 함량이 3.90%로 실시 이전보다 향상되었으며, 여름철에 낮았고, 전국 수준과 비슷하였다.

• 산업공학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2004

It is widely known that labor costs are continuously and rapidly growing in terms of the raw cost of products in Korea. The increased labor costs are degrading the competitiveness of dairy industry sector as in the other major industrial fields. Furthermore, the number of dairy farms is constantly decreasing while that of dairy cattle is increasing. Thus, mechanized and/or automated stockbreeding management systems are crucially required to support professional stockbreeding management, as well as to enhance the productivity of the sector. Hence this paper develops an IIS (Integrated Information System) for dairy cattle stockbreeding management. IIS is composed of five application modules and associated utility programs. The five modules are individual stock management, milking management, feeding management, propagation management, and disease management. The utility programs are involved in stock farm accounting, and handy unloading of individual stock data into a personal data acquisition device. Compared with existing foreign products, the developed system takes advantages of various stock body measurement data such as body weight, body temperature, milk conductivity, milking amount, and the number of walking steps. All the measured data are transmitted into a programmable logic controller that monitors and controls measurement devices. The transmitted data are finally aggregated into an integrated database located in the main personal computer. The integrated data are analyzed and reformed in the five modules of IIS, then, used for providing farmers with various farm states and information through application module scenes. Hence, IIS keeps the each module work in a systematic and compatible manner, while supervising the whole stockbreeding management system.

• 산업공학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.193-207
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• 1998

The agriculture and fishery share in the Korean GDP is continuously decreasing after 1960s. Furthermore the proportion of these industries in the GDP has diminished as low as 10 percent in recent years. However, the stockbreeding sector in these industries are considerably expanded. More than 50 percent of the whole farmhouses are involved in the livestock farming, and the stock farming portion is steadily increased in its size and scope. Thus, the mechanization and the automization of stockbreeding equipments are greatly required to reduce down production cost, as well as to win the competitiveness in the global market. From this aspect, developed in this paper is a stockbreeding management system (SMS) for dairy cattle, which can be used in small and medium sized dairy farms. First, the basic schema of the stockbreeding management system are addressed in view of stockbreeding management for individual dairy cattle. Electronic identification (EI) systems and sensory devices have changed stockbreeding management strategy from group stock control into individual stock control manner. The SMS receives stock body measurement data through the sensory devices such as weight, temperature, and milk conductivity meters. A common database then integrates those measuring data together so that the SMS can determine the appropriate solution on each stock's breeding such as feeding and milking. Thus, each stock can be supervised by a sophisticated SMS that provides the best solution to the stockbreeding throughout the stock's whole life-cycle. Secondly. six major submodules of the SMS, based on the EI and sensory devices, are proposed. They are individual stock management, disease management, health management, feeding management, milking management, and a propagation management submodule. Finally, a prototype system for the SMS is demonstrated. The system is developed using Delphi 2 client-server system run under the Windows 95 environment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.896-902
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• 2015

Milking center wastewater (MCW) has a relatively low ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N ratio), which should be separately managed from livestock manure due to the negative impacts of manure nutrients and harmful effects on down-stream in the livestock manure process with respect to the microbial growth. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) is linked to inhibition of the second nitrification and reduces around 40% of the carbonaceous energy available for denitrification. Thus, this study was conducted to find the optimal operational conditions for the treatment of MCW using an attached-growth biofilm reactor; i.e., nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 0.14, 0.28, 0.43, and $0.58kg\;m^{-3}\;d^{-1}$ and aeration rate of 0.06, 0.12, and $0.24\;m^3\;h^{-1}$ were evaluated and the comparison of air-diffuser position between one-third and bottom of the reactor was conducted. Four sand packed-bed reactors with the effective volume of 2.5 L were prepared and initially an air-diffuser was placed at one third from the bottom of the reactor. After the adaptation period of 2 weeks, SND was observed at all four reactors and the optimal NLR of $0.45kg\;m^{-3}\;d^{-1}$ was found as a threshold value to obtain higher nitrogen removal efficiency. Dissolved oxygen (DO) as one of key operational conditions was measured during the experiment and the reactor with an aeration rate of $0.12\;m^3\;h^{-1}$ showed the best performance of $NH_4-N$ removal and the higher total nitrogen removal efficiency through SND with appropriate DO level of ${\sim}0.5\;mg\;DO\;L^{-1}$. The air-diffuser position at one third from the bottom of the reactor resulted in better nitrogen removal than at the bottom position. Consequently, nitrogen in MCW with a low C/N ratio of 2.15 was successfully removed without the addition of external carbon sources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.509-514
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• 1993

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different fiber levels on milk production of crossbred Holstein milking cows fed urea-treated rice straw (UTS) as a roughage. Eight cows were allotted into 2 squares of 4 cows each with 4 treatments by a balanced design. The treatments were 17%, 22%, and 24% crude fiber (CF) diets and Thai feeding system (free choice of roughage and 1 kg of concentrates/2 kg of milk) as a control. Body weight change was not significantly different among the treatments during the experiment. Milk production (4% FCM) and milk protein content wee not different among the treatments, but milk fat content was low in the 17% CF group and high in the control group. Cows fed the 17% CF diet consumed less UTS and more concentrates than the others, and consequently total DM intake was not different among the treatments. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the control. Feed cost per kg milk was lowest in the control and highest in the 17% CF diet. The fiber content of the diet would be more than 17%, preferably 22-24% for normally producing Thai crossbred Holstein cows when the UTS was fed as a main roughage source.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

본 연구는 로봇 착유시스템의 유두인식을 위한 기초연구로 레이저 스캔 센서를 이용하여 모형유두의 위치정보를 획득 및 분석하고 이를 통하여 로봇 착유시스템에 적용가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 실제유두와 같은 모양과 크기의 모형유두를 제작하였으며, 각 모형의 재질에 따른 특성을 파악하고 센서의 거리에 따른 오차, 각도에 따른 오차를 분석하였다. 또한 4개 유두모형을 이용하여 각 유두의 2차원 거리정보를 동시에 획득하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 모형유두의 재질선택을 위한 실험에서 손가락의 경우 거리오차가 최대 4.3 mm, 최소 1.3 mm, 평균 2.8 mm로 가장 작게 나타났으며, 고무재질의 모형유두가 평균 4.3 mm로 나타나 모형유두로 가장 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 2. 거리에 따른 오차는 기준거리 100 mm에서 가장 크게 나타났으며, 거리가 증가할수록 감소하다 300 mm를 지나 다시 증가한 후 다시 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 각도별 오차는 $170^{\circ}$에서 10.1 mm로 최대오차가 발생하였으며, $70^{\circ}$일 때 0.2 mm로 최소 오차를 나타내었다. 각도에 따른 오차는 특별한 경향을 나타내지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 4. 4개 모형유두에 대한 2차원 위치오차를 측정한 결과 거리오차의 경우 최소 3.8 mm, 최대 7.2 mm로 나타났으며, 각도 오차는 최대 $1.2^{\circ}$로 오차가 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 모든 오차가 센서 정밀도 내에 포함되며, 센서의 측정 속도와 착유컵의 구멍크기 등을 고려해 볼 때 로봇 착유시스템을 위한 유두의 거리측정에 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.626-639
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of photoperiod and light intensity on milk production, milk composition, hormones levels and blood metabolites indices of Korean Holstein dairy cows in automatic milking system (AMS). A total of 24 Holstein dairy cows were selected and used to four subsequent treatments for the experimental periods of 60 days. The light programs consisted of (1) Control: the natural photoperiod with 14.2 h of the light period and 9.4 h of the dark period (below 10 Lux); (2) T1: 16 h of the long day photoperiod (LDPP) with 50 Lux of light; (3) T2: 16 h of LDPP with 100 Lux of light; and (4) T3: 16 h of LDPP with 200 Lux of light, respectively. Importantly, there was a significant difference in the thurl activity of dairy cows between the different light intensity programs (p < 0.05). Milk yield was higher in T1 and T2 (40.80 ± 1.71 and 39.90 ± 2.02 kg/d, respectively) than those of Control and T3 (32.18 ± 1.51 and 35.76 ± 2.80 kg/d, respectively) (p < 0.05), but DMI was lower in T1, T2, and T3 compared to Control (p < 0.05). Also, milk fat percentage, the contents of milk fat and total solids were higher in T2 than those in the others (p < 0.05). The average daily melatonin level in milk was high to T3 (28.20 ± 0.43 pg/mL), T2 (24.62 ± 0.32 pg/mL), T1 (19.78 ± 0.35 pg/mL), and Control (19.36 ± 0.45 pg/mL) in order (p < 0.05). Also, the cortisol levels in milk and blood were lower in treatment groups than in Control (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that it will be effective to improve the milk yield and milk composition, and to reduce the stress of dairy cows when the light conditions regulate to extend the photoperiod to 16 h at a light emitting diode (LED) intensity of 100 Lux under the AMS in dairy farm.