• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.903-910
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• 2015

To maintain a predominantly pasture-based system, the large herd milked by automatic milking rotary would be required to walk significant distances. Walking distances of greater than 1-km are associated with an increased incidence of undesirably long milking intervals and reduced milk yield. Complementary forages can be incorporated into pasture-based systems to lift total home grown feed in a given area, thus potentially 'concentrating' feed closer to the dairy. The aim of this modelling study was to investigate the total land area required and associated walking distance for large automatic milking system (AMS) herds when incorporating complementary forage rotations (CFR) into the system. Thirty-six scenarios consisting of 3 AMS herds (400, 600, 800 cows), 2 levels of pasture utilisation (current AMS utilisation of 15.0 t dry matter [DM]/ha, termed as moderate; optimum pasture utilisation of 19.7 t DM/ha, termed as high) and 6 rates of replacement of each of these pastures by grazeable CFR (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) were investigated. Results showed that AMS cows were required to walk greater than 1-km when the farm area was greater than 86 ha. Insufficient pasture could be produced within a 1 km distance (i.e. 86 ha land) with home-grown feed (HGF) providing 43%, 29%, and 22% of the metabolisable energy (ME) required by 400, 600, and 800 cows, respectively from pastures. Introduction of pasture (moderate): CFR in AMS at a ratio of 80:20 can feed a 400 cow AMS herd, and can supply 42% and 31% of the ME requirements for 600 and 800 cows, respectively with pasture (moderate): CFR at 50:50 levels. In contrast to moderate pasture, 400 cows can be managed on high pasture utilisation (provided 57% of the total ME requirements). However, similar to the scenarios conducted with moderate pasture, there was insufficient feed produced within 1-km distance of the dairy for 600 or 800 cows. An 800 cow herd required 140 and 130 ha on moderate and high pasture-based AMS system, respectively with the introduction of pasture: CFR at a ratio of 50:50. Given the impact of increasing land area past 86 ha on walking distance, cow numbers could be increased by purchasing feed from off the milking platform and/or using the land outside 1-km distance for conserved feed. However, this warrants further investigations into risk analyses of different management options including development of an innovative system to manage large herds in an AMS farming system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.475-480
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• 1992

The effect of mechanical factors and season of the year on milking characteristics (milk yield, time of milking, rate of milk flow, stripping time and tripping milk) were studied on 26 Holstein Friesian cows, raised under Saudi Arabia environmental conditions. Cows were in the third and fourth lactation and reached the peak. Cows milked twice a day with equal intervals. Three vacuum levels (34, 38 and 42 cfm) and two pulsation ratios were used to form six vacuum-pulsation combinations. The study was carried during two seasons Autumn-Winter (S1) and Spring-Summer (S2). After absorbing the cow equations least square analysis was used to analyze the data. Vacuum level 38 cfm and pulsation ratio 70:30 was the best among all combinations of vacuum level-pulsation ratio. No significant effect (p < .01) for season, up to the seventh half minute, on the rate of milk flow. However, season of the year has a significant effect on total milk yield, stripping time and stripping milk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 1995

An experiment was conducted at Pabna milkshed area under Bathan condition during November, 1992 to February 1993 with 16 milking cows fed legume forage with straw supplementation (treated group) and 8 milking cows fed legume forage only (control group). From the study, the results revealed that supplementation of straw with leguminous diet increases the total dry matter intake (DMI) of 11.83 kg/d/cow for the treated group and 11.53 kg/d/cow for the control group. The average daily legume forage intake was $37.39{\pm}8.67kg/d/cow$ and $49.62{\pm}10.57kg/d/cow$ for the treated and control group respectively and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The results also exhibited that due to the supplementation of straw, the legume forage intake reduced by 12 kg/d/cow. The forage dry matter intake (DMI) kg/d/cow for the treated and control groups were $6.18{\pm}1.44kg$ and $8.38{\pm}1.95kg$ respectively. The milk production was $8.64{\pm}1.15litre/day$ for the treated group which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control group ($7.74{\pm}1.24litre/day$). The average initial body weight of the supplemented and control groups were $338.06{\pm}39.32kg$ and $329.87{\pm}48.03kg$ respectively. Whereas, the final body weight of supplemented group was $344.33{\pm}35.90kg$ and control group was $330.35{\pm}37.28kg$. It may be concluded that straw supplementation with legumes diet could save legume forage for further use as well as increase milk production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.418-420
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• 1989

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.136-138
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• 2008

한 유우목장의 착유우군내에서 인터서킹의 행동장애를 지속적으로 보이는 홀스타인 경산우가 있었다. 이것은 대부분 이유 시 잘못된 급여관리로 인해 발생하는 행동 장애 중 하나로 생각되어져왔다. 이러한 행동 장애는 다른 착유우의 유두에 물리적인 손상을 주어 우유 생산을 떨어뜨릴 수가 있다. 혀 복면의 절개된 부분을 봉합해 배면을 둥글게 해주는 혀수술을 통해 외과적으로 교정하였고 이후 수술로 인한 합병증없이 착유우군내에서 인터서킹의 행동장애를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 실험을 통해 PLC와 하부장치들 사이에 RS -485 직렬 통신방식의 네트웍을 이용한 정보 교환에 있어 잡음 손실이나 왜곡현상이 매우 낮다는 것을 보였다. 제시한 네트웍 방법과 알고리즘에 의해 동작하는 PLC의 효율과 작업 능력을 기반으로 작업장을 분화하여 필요한 작업을 배치한 방법은 매우 효과적이고 편리하며 유용한 정보를 제공하였다. 보다 정확한 정보의 축척과 높은 효율을 위해 본 실험에서 제시한 알고리즘과 운용방법을 각 목장에 활용할 때에는 사용자나 관리자의 요구에 따라 데이터를 통한 계측장비의 교정과 함께 수정이 필요하겠다. 하지만 무엇보다 PLC를 이용한 축산자동화를 통해 사양관리에 필요한 생체 계측 정보를 착유와 동시에 자동으로 다량 획득하여 데이터 전자 문서파일로 보관함으로서, 긴 시간의 지연 없이 사양관리 감독자에게 제공할 수 있는 방법적 해결에 유용성과 신속성을 보였고 사용자나 관리자가 필요한 작업을 수행할 때에 매일 반복적인 작업에 대한 보조적 역할을 하거나 착유 시설과 급이 시설에 완전한 자동화 무인화를 위한 보조적 장비로서 필요한 시설과 정보를 제공하는 것이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was the development of a multi-joint robot manipulator for milking robot system. The multi-joint robot manipulator was controlled by 5 drivers with driver controller through the position information obtained from the image processing system. The robot manipulator to automatically attach each teat cup to the teats of a milking cow was developed and it's motion was accurately measured with error rate. Results were as follows. 1. Maximum errors in position accuracy were 4mm along X-axis, 4.5mm along Y-axis and 0.9mm along Z-axis. Absolute distance errors were maximum 4.8mm, minimum 2.7mm, and average 3.6mm. 2. Errors of repeatability were maximum 3.0mm along X-axis, 3.0mm along Y-axis, and 0.5mm along Z-axis. Distance error values were maximum 3.2mm, minimum 2.2mm, and average 2.5mm. It is envisaged that multi-joint robot manipulator can be applicate to milking robot system being developed in consideration of the experiment results.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.450-454
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• 1998

These studies were performed to find out the possibility of automatic detection of the diseased animal with fever by farmers themselves. Firstly, the body temperature of 331 dairy cows was investigated according to major disease symptoms manifested. Secondly, AD 590 thermometer was used to take the teat temperature of the milking cows to determine the possibility of automatic taking of body temperature while milking. The temperatures of scapha of ear and coccygeal artery part were also taken fur the non-milking dairy cows and Korean native cowl 1. The average body temperature of dairy cows associated with respiratory diseases puerperal disease, or mastitis was higher than normal temperature denoting respectively 39.8,39.6, and $39.3{\circ}C.2.$ The teat temperaure of the milking dairy cows with fever($39.5~39.6{\circ}C$) and the cows with mastitis was respectively 1.02 and 0.56${\circ}C$ higher than that of normal cows. 3. The average teat temperature taken by AD 590 was 33.91, 34.93, and 34.50${\circ}C$ in normal milking dairy cows, cows with fever(39.5~39.6${\circ}C$), and cows with mastitis, respectively. 4. The mean temperatures at scapha and coccygeal part of non-milking dairy cows and Korean native cows were 35.62 and 36.63${\circ}C$, respectively. It was concluded that AD 590 thermometer would be usable for the farmers to automatirally detect the body temperature of dairy cows while milking and subsquently to find the diseased cow with fever and that the scapha of ear and coccygeal artery part of the cattle could be the body parts of simply detecting body temperature of non-milking cattle.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was kinematics analysis of the multi-joint robot manipulator for an automatic milking system. The multi-joint robot manipulator was consisted of one perpendicular link and four revolution links to attach simultaneously four teat cups to four teats of a milking cow. The local coordinates of each joints on the robot manipulator was given for kinematics analysis. The transformation of manipulator was able to be given by kinematics using Denavit-Hatenberg parameters. The value of inverse kinematics which was solved by two geometric solution methods. The kinematics solutions was verified by AutoCAD, MATLAB, simulation program was developed using Visual C++.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2001년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.187-192
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• 2001