• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 1994.12a
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• pp.15-26
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• 1994

Bovine somatotropin(bST) or bovine growth hormone (bGH) is a protein of 191 amino acids produced by the anterior pituitary gland of cattle. Recombinant bovine somatotropin(rbST) is biosynthetic versions of the naturally occurring pituitary hormone in cows. The use of rbST in dairy cows promises to improve the efficiency of milk production around the world. Using recombinant DNA technology, bST can now be produced in commercial quantities. The recombinant bST(rbST) is biologically identical to the found in the bovine pituitary. Milk from rbST-treated cows has been found to have the same nutritional value and composition as milk from untreated cows. In November of 1993, rbST finally was approved by the FDA, nearly 10 years after filing a licence applica-tion. rbST has been one of the most extensively studied animal drug products to be reviewed by the agency. Three scientific facts will help to reassure the public about the safety of the milk suppy.: 1. rbST has no biological activity in humans when indigested orally or when given by intramuscular injection. 2. Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) is not orally active. Any changes in IGF-1 levels in milk are well within normal variation and are lower than those reported in human milk. 3. All cow's milk contains bST, and no significant change in bST levels in milk occurs as a result of giving cows supplemental bST. Based on the scientific evidence, the public can be confident that milk and meat from rbST-treated cows is safe to consumers.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1994

Two human lactoferrin expression vectors(pCChcLf and pCChcLf-1) were constructed using rat $\beta$-casein gene and human lactoferrin cDNA. The recombinant DNAs containing human lactoferrin cDNA were microinjected into the fertilized eggs of hybrid mice (BDF1 : C57BL$\times$DBA) and the DNA-injected eggs were treansferred into the oviducts of foster mothers. Genomic DNAs were isolated from the tails of mice born from the microinjected eggs and analyzed by Southern blot analysis. As a result, 5 and 9 transgenic mice with CChcLf and CChcLf-1 gene were produced, respectively. To determine tissue-specificity of transgene expression, Northern blot analysis was performed. Female transgenic mice were killed at day 10 of lactation and total RNAs from various tissues were isolated. Based on Northern blot analysis, it was shown that transgene was mainly expressed in the mammary glands of transgenic mice. In addition, the human lactoferrin in milk was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For this study, milk was obtained from the mammary glands of the transgenic mice at day 10 of lactation. In line #2 of CChcLf and line #7 of CChcLf-1 transgenic mice, human lactoferrin was secreted into the milk at concentration levels of 340ng/ml and 60ng/ml, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 1985

Changes in fatty acid composition of phospholipids from human milk during the course of lactation were determined in milk from Korean lactating mothers giving birth at term. The levels of 8 : 0 increased significantly from colostral to transitional stages with a further small decrease at mature stage. The proportions of 10 : 0, 12 : 0 and 14 : 0 increased markedly from colostrum to transitional to mature milk. The w6-derived long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, 20 : 2w5, 20 : 4w6 and 22 : 4w5, were decreased with time of lactation. The levels of 24 : 1w9 were significantly higher in transitional milk than in colostrum and then significantly decreased to lowers than the colostral levels at mature milk.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.612-619
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• 1995

This study was to investigate the intake of human milk, sodium and potassium of breast-fed infants at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum. Milk samples were obtained from 20 healthy lactating women living in In-Cheon area. Milk intakes of 20 breastfed infants were determined by the test-weighing method and soldium and potassium contents of human milk were analyzed by Atomic Absorptin Spectrophotometer after Wet-Digestion. Infant milk intakes per day tended to increase during lactation. The mean($\pm$SD) intakes at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 day were 460(164), 547(202), 626(199), 718(139) and 688(162)g/day, respectively. The sodium contents decreased significantly from 9.7(1.1)mEq/kg at 7 day to 6.3(1.8)mEq/kg at 90 day(p<0.05). The sodium intakes of infants were 100.8(39.6), 103.3(46.7), 107.2(47.9), 115.5(41.5) and 105.2(41.2)mg/day, respectively and average intake was 107.2(43.9)mg/day. The potassium contents were ranged from 10.5(1.3) to 13.3(2.3) mEq/kg and the potassium intakes of infants were 241.8(11.2), 267.8(98.8), 314.1(98.6), 318.0(66.1) and 276.1(62.6)mg/day, respectively and average intake was 288.3(91.8)mg/day. The mean sodium and potassium intakes of infants between boys and girls were not significantly different at 5% level.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.733-739
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• 2012

Objectives : To Compare the degree of survival rate of gingival fibroblasts, which is concerned with teeth adherence based on the type of avulsed tooth's storage solution. Methods : Different media gingival fibroblasts were stored in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium(DMEM), Hank's balanced salt solution(HBSS), milk, saline, and green tea in for 1, 2, 3 hours. And, MTT assay was conducted to compare survival rate of human gingival fibroblasts. Results : 1. The survival rate of gingival fibroblasts in DMEM and HBSS was higher than thoes in other storage media( Milk> Saline> Green tea). 2. The survival rate of gingival fibroblasts in milk, saline and green tea decreased as time passed. 3. Because of low osmotic pressure, green tea showed decrease of survival rate of gingival fibroblasts. Conclusion : DMEM and HBSS were the most effective storage media for gingival fibroblast. Among milk, saline, green tea, milk is most effective storage media for keeping gingival fibroblasts. Milk is recommended for storage media of avulsed tooth for keeping viability of cells.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2010

Recently some negative opinions on milk, for instance, 'don't drink, if you want to live long' 'people who drink milk life-long, they suffer from arteriosclerosis' or 'milk is not helpful to osteoporosis, because it's acid food' etc. are confusing the regular consumers who believe milk is one of the best food, although milk has been used for a longtime since it was proved as the most nutritionally perfect food by many scientific researchers and medical doctors. According to the contents of negative assertion, experiments were carried out mostly targeting western people who are eating bread with butter everyday and taking large quantity of meat & milk, probably 2~3 times more than asian people. So, the probability of suffering from many diseases like obesity, hypertension, arteriosclerosis etc. is naturally high. Therefore, comparison itself between westerner and asian is not reasonable because of quite different food culture and fat intake far less. Milk has been contributing to the health of human for hundreds years supplying many nutrients, and this kind of contribution will last as long as humankind exist on the earth. However, milk is good source of many functional components, there are some people who can not drink milk. As a nutritionist said, milk is a kind of food, the only problem is quantity, people who can not digest milk can choose another and who want to drink milk, drink it as much as they need. That's all.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.23-34
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• 1997

Calcium-stimulated ATPase ($Ca^{2+}$-ATPase) which has optimal pH value at 7.0 was found in the membrane fraction of human milk, and its enzymatic properties were studied. The purified $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase required 0.45 mM Ca ion for maximal activity. Among the nucleosides, $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase showed a higher substrate specificity to ATP and UTP than to CTP and GTP. $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase had apparent Km value of 0.065, and V max of 7.63 mol ATP hydrolyzed/mg pro-tein per min, respectively. $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase was potently inhibited by lanthanide, vanadate, and p-chloromercuribenzoate, and inactivated by EDTA, and CDTA and EGTA, but were unaffected by N-ethylmaleimide, $NaN_3$, ouabain, or oligomycin, and was completely inactivated by heating at $60^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. This enzyme activity was concentrated in the membrane fraction of the cream and skim milk membrane, but not founded in bovine milk.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.sup1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2009

The mainstay in the management of mild to moderately dehydrated children is fast rehydration by using hypotonic ORS (oral rehydration solution) and complete resumption of normal diet, including lactose-containing formula after 4 hours rehydration. Since the majority of young children with uncomplicated acute diarrhea will tolerate large amounts of undiluted non-human milk, withholding food and milk from children during diarrhea is not recommended anymore, regarding time to resolution and diarrhea control. In addition, routine dilution of milk and routine use of lactose-free formula are not necessary after fast ORS therapy. Breastfed infants and children fed with solid foods may safely continue receiving their usual diets during diarrhea instead of gradual reintroduction of feeding. However, young infants or children with severe diarrhea or malnutrition should be carefully treated under supervision if fed with lactose containing, non-human milk exclusively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 1988

The postnatal changes of taurine in human breast milk were examined. Breast milk samples were collected at 3-5 th day and 30 th day after delivery. Taurin content of colostrum and mature milk was 424n mole/ml and 294.4n mole/ml, respectively, The content of taurine was slight decrease during breast- feeding.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 1998

This study was carried out to examine the role soy milk in the preparation of Yukwa, possibility of substitution of soy milk to isolated soy protein and the effect of drying condition of Yukwa dough on the quality of Yukwa for the purpose of standardization of Yukwa preparation process. Although isolated soy protein did not make any particular effect on the gelatinization characteristics of waxy rice flour, soy milk lowered peak viscosity to half of waxy rice flour. The optimum moisture content of dried Yukwa dough was about 25%, and it can be reached by drying at $60^{\circ}C$ under atmosphere pressure for $4{\sim}5$ hours. On the basis of the results of morphological observations, mechanical and sensory measurement of hardness, and sensory test of the internal structure, mouthfeel and overall acceptability, soy milk was more desirable than isolated soy protein for the quality improvement of yukwa.