• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.450-459
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to grasp the welfare service for the demented people staying at home and the service that caregivers want to use. Therefore, we are going to develop a Korean senile dementia-care management model. Method; It analyzed the data of 185 demented people and caregivers, who registered in 16 public dementia care centers in B city since June 2002. Results: 1) The types of services used by the aged people with dementia staying at home were, in the order of frequency of use, the day-care center(26.5%), and home-help service (21.6%). 2). The types of services according to the degree of dementia were as follows; mild cases: home care service (5.4%), moderate cases: day-care service (40.0%) and severe cases: day-care service (26.0%). 3). The caregivers who want to use senile welfare institutions accounted for 23.3%, and the major reason they could not use the institutions was due to their economic situation. 4) The Korean senile dementia care management system must be excuted, considering caregivers' economic state and severity of dementia. Since the system was actively operated, many small sized welfare service institutions showed development. Conclusion: The welfare services appropriate to the severity of dementia should be provided. With the model developed in this study, the dementia management requires sufficient care and should be achieved to reduce the caregivers burden.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2018

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of iPad applications on improvement of attention and short-term memory in mild dementia. Methods : A single-case experimental study using A-B-A design was conducted. A total of 20 sessions, including 5 each for baseline phase A and A' and 10 for the intervention phase, were provided to the subject. Interventions were only provided during the intervention phase and were iOS-based iPad applications named "Memorado-Moving Balls" and "Circles." "Fit Brains-Matching Pairs" and "Fit-Brains-Spot the Difference" were used for each session to evaluate attention and short-term memory. MMSE-K, K-TMT-e A and B, and DST assessment tools were used pre- and post-intervention to assess attention and memory. Result : Fit Brains scores indicated improvement in both attention and memory during the intervention phase. K-TMT-e A showed 3 increased correct points and 3 reduced error points, and B showed 7 increased correct points and 2 reduced error points in post-tests, but the DST and MMSE-K showed no meaningful change. Conclusion : This single-case study identified improvements in attention and short-term memory in a person with mild dementia using iPad applications. Further studies regarding different applications and larger samples with long-term designs are necessary.

• Journal of Society of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a group occupational therapy program on the depression and quality of life of the elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI). Method : The elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment were selected based on the Mini Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening(MMSE-DS). The group occupatinal therapy program consisted of various cognitive domains and was performed 12 times for 6 weeks. The Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS-K) and Quality of Life(QOL) were used to assess depression and quality of life of the subjects before and after the intervention. Result : The elderly with MCI improved significantly on the SGDS-K and QOL after the intervention program(p<0.05). Particularly, in some items of the QOL, there was a statistically significant difference, but the results of the SGDS-K and QOL did not show any correlation(p>0.05). Conclusion : In the case of the elderly with MCI, the QOL scale and the depressive symptom test were statistically significant when the group occupational therapy program was applied for 6 weeks.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.209-219
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• 2020

This study was conducted to find out the differences in cognitive function, self-esteem, and life satisfaction of the elderly with mild dementia according to the cognitive intervention program. From July to October 2018, 30 minutes of computerization, cognitive integration program, computer recognition program, and cognitive integration program were applied to 30 patients in a nursing hospital located in G city for a total of 12 weeks, and 15 minutes of computerization recognition program and cognitive integration program were applied at the same time, 15 minutes of computerization recognition program and 15 minutes of cognitive integration program were applied. Pre- and post-evaluation tests were conducted for cognitive function, self-esteem, and life satisfaction of living. After examining the three groups' cognitive functions, self-esteem, and life satisfaction by applying the cognitive intervention program, it was improved to a significant level in all categories. As a result of examining the differences in cognitive function, self-esteem, and life satisfaction of the elderly with mild dementia according to the cognitive intervention program, the group applied both computerized and cognitive integration programs in all categories showed high effects. Therefore, if various cognitive intervention programs are applied according to the characteristics of the subjects to improve the cognitive function, self-esteem, and life satisfaction of the elderly, it will be an effective intervention in occupational therapy.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.227-234
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effects of participating in an aerobic exercise program three days a week and 50 minutes a day on dementia related factors and cognitive function in elderly women with mild dementia. For this, among 17 elderly women aged 65 and above, 10 elderly women were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 7 elderly wonmen to the control group. As a result of comparative analysis, conclusions were drawn as follows: There was a significant difference (p<.05) in the DHEA-s change between the two groups according to whether or not the aerobic exercise program was performed. Changes in cognitive function did not show any significant difference in the interaction effects of group, period, period${\times}$group. These results suggest that the aerobic exercise program did not show statistically significant effects on the dementia related factors and cognitive function changes of the elderly women with mild dementia. The reason for this is that the followings should be analyzed in more detail, but the lack of control on the daily life (diet) of the study subjects, which was considered as a limitation in this study, seems to be the biggest cause. Based on the results of this study, we hope that this study will be used as a basic data for improving the quality of dementia.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.247-262
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• 2019

This study involved the effects of home-visit program with cognitive-stimulating activities on cognitive function and memory self-efficacy of an elderly with dementia special rating(5rates). The study was conducted from February 11 to April 26, 2019 using a 65-year old woman residing in G Metropolitan City. The individual subject study used an A-B-A design. The subject performed activities that required thinking and resolving in order to stimulate both her body and cognition. The activities chosen were easily accessible to those having a form of mild dementia, rates 5 dementia special rating, and repetitively stimulated the subject's intellectual capacity in an attempt to increase her degraded cognitive functioning. Specifically, the activities exercised both short-term memory and recollection using familiar letters, numbers, and bodily movements frequently encountered in daily life. The program positively affected the subject's memory and concentration. In addition, the program was found to be feasible for home use by those with mild dementia, obviating the need to travel to a location like a welfare center. The author presents specific activities for stimulating cognition that can effectively intervene to positively influence the cognitive functioning and memory of those with rates 5 dementia special rating.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2014

Objectives : Mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and dementia of Alzheimer's type(AD) are characterized by progressive decline of cognitive abilities and a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression. Among various diagnostic tools of AD, many studies showed that elevated levels of serum total homocysteine are associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. We investigated whether elevated homocysteine concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in MCI and AD. Methods : A total of 86 patients diagnosed with MCI or AD participated. Total serum homocysteine levels in fasting blood samples were measured. We examined cognitive symptoms by MMSE-KC, Global Deterioration Scale(GDS), Clinical dementia rating(CDR) and depressive symptoms by Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale(K-GDS). Results : The total serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in MCI with depression than in MCI without depression. There was no significant difference in the mean homocysteine levels between AD patients with depression and AD patients without depression. The total homocysteine levels showed a negative correlation with MMSE-KC and a positive correlation with CDR, GDS. Conclusions : These findings suggest that elevated homocysteine level is a risk factor for the decline of cognitive function and depression. We found a significant relationship between elevated serum homocysteine level and depressive symptoms in MCI. But our study had several limitations, thus more research is needed to confirm this finding.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.345-353
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• 2017

This study attempts to explore changes in the BDNF and blood lipid level through a 12-week aerobic exercise program aimed at the elderly women of a misdemeanor dementia, and was carried out for 3 times a week, 50 minutes each with the exercise angle 9-14. The following conclusions were obtained through this purpose and procedure. First, the results of BDNF showed a significant increase in the exercise group after conducting a 12-week aerobic exercise program. Second, after a 12-week aerobic exercise program in the athletic group, the results of the blood stop has showed the reduction of both total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the amount of high density lipoprotein cholesterol has increased. Therefore, the aerobic exercise program conducted in this study has a positive effect on lipid improvement along with dementia prevention, and through it helps to improve the quality of life of the elderly including significant improvement in physical and mental health.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 1998

45 Dementia of Alzheimer type patients who were treated by the KOMC NP from Jan. 1996 to July. 1997 were recruited for this study in order to prove the effects of the oriental medical treatment on Dementia of Alzheimer type. Patients were strictly classified into Sasang constitutions, and then were given herbal and acupunctural treatment for various length of time. The efficiency of the treatment was assessed by criteria for memory, orientation, registration, attention and calculation, language. The following results were obtained. 1. Out of 45 cases, 14 improved to almost normal state, 13 improved a little, 16 had no change, and 2 became worse. On the whole, 60% of the patients showed improvement. 2. Out of 31 female patients, 17 patients improved, thus the rate of improvement was at 55%. Out of 14 male patients, 10 patients improved, thus the rate of improvement was at 71%. 3. The analysis of the patients constitution resulted in two Soyang-constitution, 23 Soum and 20 Taeum, Soum, Teaum responded to the treatment to an approximately equal extent. 4. Of the demendia patients involved in the study, 9 cases were mild, 14 moderate, and 22 severe, 9 mild cases, 12 moderate cases and 6 severe cases showed meaningful response to the treatment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2024

Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used for prevention and treatment of various diseases as a tonic. Recent scientific cohort studies on life prolongation with ginseng consumption support this record, as those who consumed ginseng for more than 5 years had reduced mortality and cognitive decline compared to those who did not. Clinical studies have also shown that acute or long-term intake of ginseng total extract improves acute working memory performance or cognitive function in healthy individuals and those with subjective memory impairment (SMI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or early Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia who are taking AD medication(s). Ginseng contains various components ranging from classical ginsenosides and polysaccharides to more recently described gintonin. However, it is unclear which ginseng component(s) might be the main candidate that contribute to memory or cognitive improvements or prevent cognitive decline in older individuals. This review describes recent clinical contributors to ginseng components in clinical tests and introduces emerging evidence that ginseng components could be novel candidates for cognitive improvement in older individuals, as ginseng components improve SMI cognition and exhibits add-on effects when coadministered with early AD dementia drugs. The mechanism behind the beneficial effects of ginseng components and how it improves cognition are presented. Additionally, this review shows how ginseng components can contribute to SMI, MCI, or early AD dementia when used as a supplementary food and/or medicine, and proposes a novel combination therapy of current AD medicines with ginseng component(s).