• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 2021

In this paper, I present the technique of subxiphoid single-port video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) thymectomy for thoracic surgeons to perform this procedure safely. This procedure is indicated for all anterior mediastinal masses and may be extended to lung cancer. The patient is placed in the lithotomy position, and the operator should be on the midline. Below the xiphoid process, a skin incision is made 4-5 cm horizontally at a single thumb's width down. Under two-lung ventilation, CO₂ is insufflated, maintaining 10 mm Hg. The fat tissue and thymic tissue are all resected from the sternum and pericardium between both phrenic nerves using an articulated grasper and an energy device. After retrieval of the mass with a wrap bag, a Jackson-Pratt drain is inserted instead of a chest tube. One of the advantages of this procedure is less postoperative pain than intercostal VATS. The subxiphoid approach can be used for bilateral pneumothorax, bilateral pulmonary metastasectomy, and simple lobectomy for both upper lobes and the right middle lobe.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2022

In Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), a rare congenital disease, lower lip pits (LLPs) can cause an aesthetically significant deformity. Surgical treatment of LLPs is necessary if they cause recurrent inflammation or aesthetic problems. Intraoperatively, surgeons should keep in mind the possibility of deep extension of the sinus tract and the relative deficiency of the midline in VWS, which increases the risk of lip disfigurement. Herein, we emphasize the importance of using a tissue-preserving technique to improve aesthetic results in VWS patients with a sinus tract.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.648-651
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• 2022

Nasal dermoid cysts are rare congenital anomalies that affect one in 20,000 to one in 40,000 individuals. Herein, we report a case of an initially misdiagnosed nasal dermoid cyst with intracranial extension. Among nasal dermoids, the lesion of the nasal tip is considered uncommon. Therefore, this should always be considered as a differential diagnosis of midline nasal masses, and a proper diagnostic approach should be taken.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.284-288
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• 2023

In this article, a phyllidiid nudibranch which is distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific region, Phyllidia varicose Lamarck, 1801, is reported based on a specimen collected from Seopseom Islet, Jeju Island, Korea. This species is characterized by bluish-gray dorsal tubercles with a yellow cap and three distinct ridges consisting of dorsal tubercles going from the anterior to posterior region, the presence of bluish-black pigment between the dorsal ridges, and a characteristic black longitudinal stripe along the midline of the sole. In this study, we provide a key to species belonging to the genus Phyllidia discovered in Korea, the morphological descriptions, photographs, and a sequence of partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of P. varicosa. Currently, four species of the genus Phyllidia have been reported to be present in Korea, including P. varicosa.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.419-422
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• 2023

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare congenital anomaly that is clinically defined by developmental delay and characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, including optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary hormone abnormalities, and midline brain defects. The occurrence of SOD is generally sporadic; however, it can be inherited rarely. Although an association with HESX1, SOX2, and SOX3 mutations has been identified, the detailed etiology is multifactorial and unclear. Here, we present the case of a 7-year-old girl who was clinically diagnosed with SOD and 15q13.3 duplication. Patients with duplication at chromosome 15q13.3 were reported to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and schizophrenia in previous studies. The relationship between SOD and the microduplication of 15q13.3 has not yet been explored. In this study, we suggest that there may be an association between chromosome 15q13.3 microduplication and SOD.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.1 s.84
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• pp.71-83
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to Prove that the medial edge epithelial cells covering the secondary palatal shelves were removed by apoptosis during palatal fusion. 12 mature female rats (Suprague-Dawley) were mated overnight with male rats and sacrificed on days 15.0, 16.5, 16.75, 17.0 of pregnancy. The embryos were removed from the uterus and the heads were embedded in paraffin. The paraffin blocks were sectioned and the sections were undergone H-E staining for general histologic feature and TdT staining for detection of apoptotic cells. The obtained results were as follows. k. In the section of 16.0 and 16.5 day embryos, the palatal shelves were prior to contact and no apoptotic cells wereobserved in the medial edge epithelium. At the initial contact of Palatal shelves, there was a few apoptotic cells in the fusing epithelium. 2. In the 16.75 day embryos, the samples that epithelial seams did not lost there continuity, apoptotic cells were rarely seen at the midline epithelial seam. In contrast, a lot of apoptotic cells were observed at epithelial triangles and the junction between palatal shelves and nasal septum. 3. In the 16,75 day embryos, the samples that epithelial seams lost their continuity and disrupted to epithelial islands, large number, of apoptotic cells were observed at epithelial islands and epithelial triangles. Some apoptotic cells were also observed at the oral, nasal epithelium near the midline. 4. In the 17.0 day embryos, most of epithelial islands were disappeared and mesenchymal confluence was achieved. Apoptotic cells were rarely observed in the mesenchymal tissue which replaced epithelial islands, but there were some apoptotic cells at the epithelial triangles, oral and nasal epithelium. From the results of the study, it was revealed that medial edge epithelial cells of fusing palate were removed by apoptosis. Apoptotic cells were found mainly in the disappearing midline epithelial seam and the oral and nasal epithelial triangles at some late stages of palatal fusion.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2011

The gingival zenith is the most apical point of the gingival outline. This study aimed to quantify the mesio-distal and apico-coronal displacements of gingival zenith in maxillary anterior dentition. 50 healthy patients, who ranged in age from 25 to 36 years were recruited for the study. Alginate impressions of the study group were made and poured with the type III stone. The gingival zenith positions of maxillary anterior teeth were measured in a mesial-lateral direction from the vertical bisected midline. The apico-coronal displacements of the gingival zenith of lateral incisors were measured from a line joining the gingival zeniths of the central incisor and canine. The gingival zeniths were distally displaced in 90%, 53% and 23% of the maxillary cetral incisors, lateral incisors and canines respectively. The mean distal displacements of the gingival zeniths to the vertical bisected midline of central incisors, lateral incisors and canines were 0.90 mm, 0.29 mm and 0.06 mm respectively. The gingival zeniths of lateral incisors were positioned $0.73{\pm}0.43$ mm coronally to the line joining the gingival zenith of central incisors and canines. Consideration of these findings may improve restorative procedures in the anterior maxillary dentition.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2016

Background: Position of the facial foramina is important for regional block and for various maxillofacial surgical procedures. In this study, we report on anthropometry and morphology of these foramina using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) data. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for all patients who have undergone 3D-CT scan of the facial skeleton for reasons other than fracture or deformity of the facial skeleton. Anthropometry of the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina (SOF, IOF, MF) were described in relation to facial midline, inferior orbital margin, and inferior mandibular margin (FM, IOM, IMM). This data was analyzed according to sex and age. Additionally, infraorbital and mental foramen were classified into 5 positions based on the anatomic relationships to the nearest perpendicular dentition. Results: The review identified 137 patients meeting study criteria. Supraorbital foramina was more often in the shape of a foramen (62%) than that of a notch (38%). The supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina were located 33.7 mm, 37.1 mm, and 33.7 mm away from the midline. The mean vertical distance between IOF and IOM was 13.4 mm. The mean distance between MF and IMM was 21.0 mm. The IOF and MF most commonly coincided with upper and lower second premolar dentition, respectively. Between the sex, the distance between MF and IMM was significantly higher for males than for female. In a correlation analysis, SOF-FM, IOF-FM and MF-FM values were significantly increased with age, but IOF-IOM values were significantly decreased with age. Conclusion: In the current study, we have reported anthropometric data concerning facial foramina in the Korean population, using a large-scale data analysis of three-dimensional computed tomography of facial skeletons. The correlations made respect to patient sex and age will provide help to operating surgeons when considering nerve blocks and periosteal dissections around the facial foramina.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.267-276
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• 2018

Objective : The beneficial effect of hypothermia after hemicraniectomy in malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction has been controversial. We aim to investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of hypothermia after hemicraniectomy in malignant MCA infarction. Methods : From October 2012 to February 2016, 20 patients underwent hypothermia (Blanketrol III, Cincinnati Sub-Zero, Cincinnati, OH, USA) at $34^{\circ}C$ after hemicraniectomy in malignant MCA infarction (hypothermia group). The indication of hypothermia included acute cerebral infarction >2/3 of MCA territory and a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score <11 with a midline shift >10 mm or transtentorial herniation sign (a fixed and dilated pupil). We retrospectively collected 27 patients, as the control group, who had undergone hemicraniectomy alone and simultaneously met the inclusion criteria of hypothermia between January 2010 and September 2012, before hypothermia was implemented as a treatment strategy in Dong-A University Hospital. We compared the mortality rate between the two groups and investigated hypothermia-related complications, such as postoperative bleeding, pneumonia, sepsis and arrhythmia. Results : The age, preoperative infarct volume, GCS score, National institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and degree of midline shift were not significantly different between the two groups. Of the 20 patients in the hypothermia group, 11 patients were induced with hypothermia immediately after hemicraniectomy and hypothermia was initiated in 9 patients after the decision of hypothermia during postoperative care. The duration of hypothermia was $4{\pm}2days$ (range, 1 to 7 days). The side effects of hypothermia included two patients with arrhythmia, one with sepsis, one with pneumonia, and one with hypotension. Three cases of hypothermia were discontinued due to these side effects (one sepsis, one hypotension, and one bradycardia). The mortality rate of the hypothermia group was 15.0% and that of the control group was 40.7% (p=0.056). On the basis of the logistic regression analysis, hypothermia was considered to contribute to the decrease in mortality rate (odds ratio, 6.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 37.05; p=0.045). Conclusion : This study suggests that hypothermia after hemicraniectomy is a viable option when the progression of patients with malignant MCA infarction indicate poor prognosis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 1999

Authors evaluated 152 patients at the department of Pediatric Dentistry in Seoul National University Hospital through clinical records and radiographs. And the following features were studied ; age, sex distribution, number of mesiodens per patients, location, status of eruption, shape and orientation of crown, and complication. From the above results, the relationship between features of mesiodens and complications were evaluated using chi-square analysis. 1. Complications due to the presence of mesiodens did not occur in 31.6%, delayed eruption of adjacent teeth was observed in 33.6%, midline diastema in 22.4%, rotation in 8.6%, displacement in 3.3%, and crowding in 0.7% of all evaluated patients. 2. As compared with the above 8.5 year group, in the under 8.5 year group, the frequency of complications was significantly higher(P<0.05). As compared with those positioned lingually, in mesiodens labially or within the arch the frequency of complications was significantly higher(P<0.01). Also, the frequency of complications was significantly higher when the mesiodens was tuberculate in form(P<0.05). 3. Of the 104 patients with complications, the frequency of delayed eruption was significant higher in the under 8.5 year group, and in above 8.5 year group, the frequency of malocclusion was significantly higher(P<0.05). When mesiodens were located in the midline region, the frequency of malocclusion was significant higher, while in case with laterally positioned mesiodens the frequency of delayed eruption was significantly higher(P<0.01).