• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2006

Tooth morphology is the most important scientific aspect of dental medicine in regards to the treatment and study of teeth attrition relating to the absence of teeth due to dental caries or the occlusion of teeth due to external force. Most of the studies have focused on the external morphology in cutting teeth regardless of sex and age. However, the importance of internal morphology in the treatment of damaged teeth has been increased. Therefore, this study established the measurement criteria for the morphology of the mandibular first premolar which had never been presented, in order to investigate the external and internal morphologies of mandibular first premolars, and introduced a non-destructive method such as a microcomputed tomogrphy. Mandibular first premolars in superlative state were taken from molars of middle aged males and females and used as specimens for this study. Criteria relating to the internal and external morphology measurements were established to quantify the length of the teeth in identical state. Two dimensional image data for the selected mandibular first premolar were obtained by taking the image of each O.022mm section, which is perpendicular to the vertical direction using the microcomputed tomography. The Vworks program was applied to measure the length of each morphological part according to the set measurement criteria. These measured data were compared with the data presented by G. V. Black and the internal and external morphologies of the teeth of middle aged Koreans were also compared according to gender. In addition, the methodology for measurement of the mandibular first premolar was presented and according to this, the standardized mandibular first premolars of middle aged Korean males and females were made by using a rapid prototyping system.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.396-405
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• 1997

We performed this study to understand the health status and food intake of North Koreans. Information was collected by individual closed in-depth interviews of 11 escapers from North Korea as well as books, newspapers and North Korean movies. Interviews were done from October, 1996 to May, 1997, covering their heights and weights, their appearance and disease, food system and intake of various main/side foods, concern about health and hygiene. North Korean's height and BMI were lower than those of South Koreans. Difference of BMIs between North and South Koreans was profound in middle aged women than in other age groups. Childrem showed many malnutrition appearances of moon face, large abdomem, arrow-like legs, flaky skin, decolored hair, etc.. Main foods in North Korea were rice-shaped corn, corn flour, wheat flour and wet noodle, and side foods were kimchi and/or soups and steamed soy paste. Food supply system there seemed not to work normally for many years, so foods, especially in cities, has been extremely short in government-operating shops, but some in private market. Many housewives were eager to make and sell simple snack food products, We noticed that North korea schools didn't check students' health even though their medical policy was based on preventive medicine. Their living environmental hygiene was shown to be oyt of control.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.432-439
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• 2015

This study was conducted to assess joint effect of body mass index (BMI) and physical activity with risk of hypertension in middle-aged Koreans. The effects of BMI and physical activity on risk of hypertension were studied using data set of 10,020 subjects aged 40~69 years in a Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). About 31.8% of men and 30.2% of women had hypertension. Higher BMI was associated with increased risk of hypertension in men and women. However, diverse association of physical activity with hypertension was only detected in women. Inactive women with a BMI${\geq}25$ were more likely to have hypertension than active women with a BMI<23 (ORs=3.96, 95% CI; 2.77~5.67). The present study indicates that regular physical activity and weight control can reduce risk of hypertension in Korean middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for healthy Korean adults by measuring the maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip, and cheek, and to examine correlations between these measurements. Materials and Methods: This study included 120 subjects that were divided into three groups according to age: young (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years), and older (over 60 years); and by gender. Measurements were taken using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Results: The mean maximal tongue strengths were as follows: young men ($46.7{\pm}10.2kPa$) and women ($32.1{\pm}7.9kPa$), middle-aged men ($40.9{\pm}9.3kPa$) and women ($36.9{\pm}8.6kPa$), and older men ($35.2{\pm}9.0kPa$) and women ($34.5{\pm}6.9kPa$). The mean tongue endurance scores were: young men ($28.8{\pm}12.6$ seconds) and women ($20.8{\pm}13.5$ seconds), middle-aged men ($17.0{\pm}8.5$ seconds) and women ($15.3{\pm}5.2$ seconds), and older men ($15.8{\pm}6.7$ seconds) and women ($17.9{\pm}8.1$ seconds). The mean maximal lip strengths were: young men ($11.6{\pm}3.0kPa$) and women ($11.4{\pm}3.8kPa$), middle-aged men ($11.4{\pm}4.2kPa$) and women ($11.1{\pm}5.1kPa$), and older men ($14.5{\pm}3.9kPa$) and women ($11.7{\pm}2.6kPa$). The mean lip endurance scores were: young men ($41.1{\pm}23.9$ seconds) and women ($22.4{\pm}21.7$ seconds), middle-aged men ($24.3{\pm}10.3$ seconds) and women ($30.5{\pm}13.4$ seconds), and older men ($24.9{\pm}11.0$ seconds) and women ($12.8{\pm}7.6$ seconds). The mean maximal cheek strengths were: young men ($24.5{\pm}4.6kPa$) and women ($20.5{\pm}4.3kPa$), middle-aged men ($25.2{\pm}6.4kPa$) and women ($21.2{\pm}5.5kPa$), and older men ($22.4{\pm}5.3kPa$) and women ($18.0{\pm}4.8kPa$). The mean cheek endurance scores were: young men ($47.8{\pm}24.4$ seconds) and women ($43.9{\pm}25.0$ seconds), middle-aged men ($27.3{\pm}11.3$ seconds) and women ($20.0{\pm}14.6$ seconds), and older men ($21.7{\pm}14.5$ seconds) and women ($17.2{\pm}11.4$ seconds). Conclusion: The data collected in this study will provide an important database of standardized measurements for maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip and cheek in healthy, normal Koreans.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.65-88
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• 2011

본 연구는 패널조사에 기초한 다중상태 생명표 모형을 활용하여 우리나라 중고령층의 근로와 은퇴 그리고 사망으로 이어지는 생애과정을 분석하고 있다. 또한 기존의 생명표 분석이 성별 차이만을 고려하였음에 비해 본 연구는 교육수준을 추가적으로 고려하여 생명표를 작성함으로써 근로 및 은퇴 생애과정에서 관측되는 사회계층별 이질성을 추가적으로 고려하고자 하였다. 분석 결과는 근로 및 은퇴 생애과정이 성별 그리고 교육수준별로 매우 이질적인 패턴을 보이고 있음을 보여 주었다. 성별 차이와 관련하여 여성은 남성에 비해 생존기간이 길지만 취업 기대여명이 낮음과 동시에 미취업 기대여명이 높게 나타남으로써 전체 생존 기간에서 미취업 기간이 차지하는 비중이 매우 높은 모습을 보여 주었다. 교육수준별 차이와 관련한 분석 결과는 전반적으로 취업 기대여명에서는 뚜렷한 차이가 관측되지 않는 반면, 미취업 기대여명에서의 격차가 유의미하게 나타남으로써 교육수준별 근로생애 차이는 대체로 미취업 기대여명에서의 차이임을 보여 주었다. 보다 구체적으로, 교육수준이 낮은 개인들은 교육수준이 높은 개인들과 유사한 수준의 취업 기대여명을 갖고 있지만, 미취업 기대여명이 유의미하게 낮음으로 인해 생존 기간의 보다 큰 비중을 노동시장에서 체류하고 있음을 보여 주었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1998

This study was peformed by questionnaire to investigate the recognition, preference and intake of calcium and related food behaviors of middle-aged people (males 600, females 550) in Daegu area. The daily intake was determined by 24-hr dietary recall method. The results were summarized as follows: The meal skipping, diet and nutrition consideration ratio of the subjects were 40.6, 11.1, 34.6% respectively. The recognition scores of calcium of the subjects were 14.3 for male and 15.1 for female, respectively. Also the preference scores of calcium source foods of the subjects were 3.6 for male and 3.5 for female. They preferred laver, cabbage, bean curd and lettuce, in that order, but they disliked cheese and ice cream. The variety of calcium source foods was remarkably low. Milk products were the lowest preferred and eaten calcium source foods. A day's calcium intake was 68.4% (478.6 mg) of the RDA for Koreans. There were significant positive correlations among the recognition, preference and intake scores of calcium.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence rate, surgery tendency, and risk factors of cataracts among the elderly in Korea. The subjects were 40-95 years old men and women using the National Health Services' surgical statistics. Among the 33 major surgeries, which increased by 1.1% per year for the last 20years (1.6 million), the most operated surgery in 2020 was cataract surgery (454,000), the number of which was 858.8 per 100,000 people. Among the surgical patients, cataract patients (7.9% increased) was the third largest among the top (2016-2020) constantly with annually 2.2% increasing for 20 years (19.95 million). The medical expenses of major surgeries (excluding non-benefit) increased by an average rate of 9.3% per year over the 20 years (7,204 billion won) out of a total medical expenses of 7.2 trillion won, and the cataract surgery (813.2 billion won) was the second largest among the medical expenses in 2020 (top 3). This study showed that there was a high correlation between cataract and smoking, low income, and low-educated, whereas being no concentration of cataract patient in tertiary hospitals.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.539-548
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• 2006

In recent years a concern of excessive intakes of vitamins and minerals from various sources is increasing, since there has been a marked increase in production and consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements and fortified foods. The purpose of this study was to assess the maximum exposure of vitamins and minerals from various sources including diet, fortified foods, and health functional foods among Koreans. As a result, the highest exposure group of most vitamins and minerals from diet was adults (30 - 49 years of age) according to 2001 Korean National Nutrition and Health Survey Report. Maximum dietary intakes of vitamin A, $B_1,\;B_2$, C, nicotinamide, calcium, phosphorus and iron were 0.5 - 7 times of the RDA for Koreans, 7th ed. Maximum intakes of vitamins and minerals from fortified foods by adults (20 - 59 years of age) were 8 - 760% of the Korean RDA. In addition, maximum exposure of vitamins and minerals from vitamin mineral health functional foods by middle aged people was 35 - 140% of the upper limits (UL: DRI for Koreans). As a consequence, maximum combined intakes of vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc from the above sources including diet, fortified foods and vitamin mineral health functional foods were greater than the UL. These results would be applied for determining the safe upper limits of vitamin and mineral of health functional foods.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.493-499
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• 2018

본 연구는 2015년 지역사회건강조사 자료를 사용하여 한국의 40~59세 중년의 대중교통 만족도에 따른 체질량지수(BMI)에 대한 걷기 일수의 매개효과를 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 중장년층의 일상적인 걷기활동 지원 및 증진을 위한 근린환경의 제공, 걷기활동 지원 프로그램 마련에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 지역사회건강조사 원시데이터의 228,558명 중 사용변수에 대해 결측값을 제거하고 40~59세 중년 85,344명을 최종분석 대상자로 선정하였다. 종속변수는 체질량지수(BMI)로 대중교통 만족도를 독립변수로 걷기 일수가 매개효과가 있는지에 대해 자료의 분석은 R 3.4.1로 시행하였다. Sobel test로 매개효과를 검증해 본 결과 대중교통 만족도가 증가하면 걷기 일수는 B=.010(p=.010)만큼 증가하였고, 대중교통 만족도가 증가하면 체질량지수는 B=-.052(p=.021)만큼, 걷기 일수는 B=-.038(p=.001) 감소하였다. 이에 따른 대중교통 만족도와 체질량지수에 대한 걷기 일수의 매개효과는 Sobel z=2.300(p=.021)로 대중교통 만족도가 증가하면 걷기 일수가 증가하고, 그로 인해 체질량지수가 감소하는 매개효과가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 대중교통 만족도를 높여 대중교통 이용을 증가시킴으로서 걷기 일수를 증가시키고 체질량지수를 감소시키기 위해서는 고찰에서 언급했던 대중교통 만족도 중 대중교통 요금의 적절성과 접근편리성을 지금 수준보다 더욱 향상시켜야 한다. 아직까지는 수도권이나 대도시를 벗어나 중소도시로 가게 되면 대중교통으로 목적지에 도달하는 것이 불편한 경향이 나타나므로 건강을 향상시키기 위해서는 대중교통 시스템의 개선이 필요하다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.305-323
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• 2019

본 연구는 좋은 죽음에 대한 사회적 관심을 반영하여 국내에 거주하는 중노년층이 인식하는 좋은 죽음이 무엇인가에 주목하였다. 구체적으로 중노년층의 좋은 죽음 인식을 유형화하고 그 특성을 파악하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 이를 위해 2018년 한국보건사회연구원에서 수집된 '웰다잉에 관한 전국민 인식조사' 데이터를 활용하여 중노년층의 좋은 죽음 인식유형을 잠재집단분석(LCA)을 통해 유형화하였으며, 기술통계 및 교차분석 등을 통해 유형별 인구사회학적 특성을 파악하였다. 연구결과, 소극적 인식형, 다층적 준비형, 현세중심적·죽음준비형의 3개 유형이 도출되었다. 도출된 유형들은 죽음의 가시성, 죽음의 여정에 대한 관점, 마지막으로 죽음이 갖는 사회적 관계성을 바탕으로 다층화 되었으며, 이러한 유형은 성별 및 주관적 건강상태에 따라 차이를 보였다. 이를 통해 우리 사회 웰다잉 구현을 위해 개인적·사회적 차원의 인식개선, 당사자 및 가족의 죽음준비를 위한 종합적 지원, 임종기 의료비 및 간병비 경감 등을 위한 제도 마련, 죽음의 자기결정권 확보를 위한 기반 구축 등의 정책적 제언을 제시하였다.