• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.75-92
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the grandparents' clothing image perceived by adolescents. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed and collected from 547 middle school and high school students from March to April in 2000. Frequencies, percentages, mean. and standard deviation were calculated. χ²-test, t-test, F-test, and ANOVA were used for group differences, and Duncan's multiple range test was used. The results were as follows : 1. Grandparents' clothing images were classified into four images of elegant, comfortable, fashionable and active. 2. Adolescents in middle school, in high economic status, in higher academic achievement, and who pursuited fashion perceived favorable grandparents' clothing images as more favorable. Adolescents perceived clothing images of younger grandparents with higher economic status, or grandmother as more favorable. Adolescents who had a good affection and a good-cognition to their grandparents perceived their clothing images as more favorable. Adolescents perceived their mother-side-grandparents clothing images as more favorable. 3. Grandparents were segmented into 3 groups of the fashion pursuit, the utility pursuit, and the stagnated according to their adolescents' clothing image perception. The adolescents in higher economic status, who pursuited fashion, and had a favorable cognition to their grandparents tended to perceive their grandparents as the fashion pursuit. Adolescents who had a high affection to their grandparents tended to Perceive their grandparents as the utility pursuit. Adolescents perceived their mother side grandparents as the utility pursuit.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.563-574
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of the adolescents' attachments to parents, teachers, and friends on delinquencies. Participants were 3449 adolescents in middle and high school (2003-2006 panel 1 in Korea Youth Panel Survey). For analyses of research questions, frequencies, descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, Pearson correlations and multiple regression were used. The results were as follows: For males, attachment to parents most influenced delinquencies in middle school but attachment to friends most influenced delinquencies in high school, however, for females, attachment to parents most influenced delinquencies in middle school and high school. Attachments to parents and teachers influenced delinquencies negatively, however, attachments to friends influenced delinquencies positively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.52-61
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the characteristics between adolescents who have run away from home before and who have contemplated running away from home before, and to find risk factors that predict runaway behavior among them. Methods: The data of 「the survey on adolescents' right to adequate housing and the way to ensure their housing with the focus on social exclusion」 by the National Youth Policy Institute (2020) were analyzed. A total of 494 adolescents were included in the study. Descriptive statistics, x2 test, t-test, and simple and multiple logistic regressions were carried out using SAS 9.2. Results: Gender, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and school level were significantly different between the two groups. From the multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for runaway behavior was significantly higher in male students (AOR: 2.14, p<.001), lower in the middle economic class than in the high economic class (AOR: 0.64, p=.051), lower in the 4th quartile group of self-esteem (AOR: 0.52, p=.041), and higher in high school students (AOR: 1.55, p=.050). Conclusion: Considering that male students, students from wealthier families, students with low self-esteem, and high school students are high-risk groups for runaway behavior, among adolescents who have contemplated running away before, interventions targeting these groups are needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

It is suggested that evaluation of diet quality may be a great indicator of nutritional assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet quality of children and adolescents based on nutrient and food group intake and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). This survey was conducted through questionnaires and diet record survey to 477 students (elementary school students; n = 131, middle school students; n = 136, and high school students; n = 210). The results showed that high school students were significantly more often to skip breakfast compared with the other groups. The middle and high school students consumed significantly higher intakes of food and energy compared to the elementary school students. Also the number of nutrients in Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) < 1.0 of high school students were significantly higher than that of elementary and middle school students. The Korean's dietary diversity score (KDDS) of elementary school, middle school and high school students were 4.1, 4.4 and 4.3 respectively. The average DQI-I of elementary school, middle school and high school students were 66.7, 65.5, and 63.7, respectively and there was significant difference. Also, middle school students showed to have higher score in variety and adequacy category compared with the other groups, and elementary school students appeared to have higher score in moderation category. In conclusion, high school students appeared to have unhealthy dietary habits in terms of high frequency of skipping breakfast and lower INQ and DQI-I score compared to the elementary school and middle school students. Therefore, the proper dietary management should be needed for high school students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between school adjustment and stress-coping styles among adolescents. Methods: This is a descriptive correlation survey using a convenience sample of 701 middle school students in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, Jeonbuk, and Gangwon province, Korea. The study's questionnaire included a scale of school adjustment and a scale of stress-coping style. The data analysis, using the SPSS 19.0 program, involved frequency, the mean and standard deviation, the t-test, ANOVA, the scheffe test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Positive correlations were identified between positive stress-coping styles and the adjustment to school life of adolescents. The degree of school adjustment varied significantly according to the region, grade, attending private educational institutes after school or not, academic performance, daily study hours after school, and the hours students spend on gaming and Internet use a day. With regard to the behaviors to cope with stress, teenagers with a higher sense of life-satisfaction tended to show active coping behaviors, and female students were more likely to show positive or negative coping behaviors than mystic coping behaviors. Since adolescents' stress-coping styles showed connection with their adjustment to school, it is necessary to develop stress management programs to help middle school students adjust to school life. Conclusion: Based on the study's findings, it is important to develop programs which can help students adjust to school and learn how to cope with stress positively.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.167-185
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• 2004

Objectives： The rate of adolescent smoking is important because lead to adult smoking. And early onset of smoking is associated with chronic disease in adult life. The purpose of this study is to describe the smoking status of adolescents and identify the risk factors for smoking in each school. Methods： We selected the participant schools that are located in Yang-cheon Gu, Seoul, Korea, considering the social economic status. The subjects were included 719elementary school students,1,251 middle school students and 1,513 high school students. Self-reported questionnaires were administrated between December 16 and December 24 , 2002. Students were informed in writing that the survey was voluntary. The response rate was 98.7, 81.1 and 95.4 in elementary, middle, and high school, respectively. Results： The results of this study were as follows： 1) Students who have attempted to smoke were 8.8% in elementary school, 29.3% in middle school and 35.0% in high school. 2) The current smokers were 2.0%, 7.9% and 11.5% in elementary, middle and high school, respectively. 3) In elementary school, smoking of mends and physical health were significantly predicted the attempt to smoke. Stress, smoking of mends, alcohol, and binge drinking were associated with the attempt to smoke of middle school students. In high school, the attempt to smoke was related to gender, maternal education, depression, school performance, smoking of brothers, smoking of mends, alcohol, and binge drinking. 4) Current smoking was associated with smoking of mends and binge drinking in middle school and gender, school performance, smoking of brothers, smoking of mends, alcohol, and binge drinking in high school in multiple logistic regression. Conclusion： There is a need for health education and specific strategies to help adolescents prevent from smoking. Smoking prevention programs which include risk-taking behavior such as alcohol, method of copying with stress, and supporting environment were required.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.373-386
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parent-adolescent relationship and marital conflict perceived by adolescents on peer victimization. The subjects were 353 middle school students selected from two middle schools in the Incheon area. The instruments of research included the peer victimization index, the parenting behavior index, the parent-adolescent communication index, and the marital conflict inventory. The statistics used for this data were t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. This study showed that middle school student's peer victimization was influenced significantly by the gender. Correlation analysis indicated that parenting behavior and peer victimization were significantly correlated. That is, oppressive, over protective and/or permissive attitudes of the parent were positively correlated with peer victimization. Intimacy and reasonable attitude were negatively correlated with middle school student's peer victimization. Also, parent-adolescent communication and peer victimization were significantly correlated. Especially, open communication was negatively correlated with peer victimization while problematic communication was positively correlated with peer victimization. Marital conflict perceived by adolescents was positively correlated with peer victimization. It was also found that gender, oppressive attitude, permissive attitude, open communication, and marital conflict were significant predictors of middle school student's peer victimization.

• Korean Journal of Family Welfare
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.633-652
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• 2018

This study aimed to examine the direct effects of relationships with parents, peers, and community child center teachers on the school adjustment of low-income adolescents attending community child centers and the indirect effects mediated through adolescents' resilience. The second-term panel data from the fourth-year Community Child Center Survey was used to analyze 198 adolescents (103 boys, 95 girls) who were first graders at middle schools. SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 were used to analyze the data through structural equation modeling. The results of the study were as follows: Parental monitoring and peer trust had direct effects on the adolescents' school adjustment, while satisfaction with community child center teachers did not. Parental monitoring, peer trust, and satisfaction with community child center teachers had indirect effects on adolescents' school adjustment mediated through resilience. The school adjustment of low-income adolescents has received attention from both researchers and politicians. The results of this study are notable in that both the important relationships and resilience of low-income adolescents can significantly contribute to their school adjustment in their first year at middle school. Given the developmental needs of low-income adolescents, interventions for school adjustment that consider adolescents' important social contexts and psychological characteristics should be developed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

This study focused on adolescents who are studying in middle schools of the Gyeongnam region, aims to provide methods for improving school adjustment among adolescents through the enhancement of family strength. It will examine the effect of family strength on adolescents' school adjustment verify the mediating effect of social support in the influential relationships of school adjustment. The summarizations, obtained in this study are as follows: First, an analysis of the results of the effect of family strength on social support demonstrated that family strength had a positive effect on social support. That is, as family strength was higher, social support increased. Second, an analysis of the results of the effect of family strength on school adjustment show that family strength would have a direct effect on school adjustment, which is positive. Where family strength was higher, school adjustment of adolescents was also higher. Third, the results of the effect of social support on school adjustment when controlling family strength demonstrate that social support would have a positive effect on school adjustment, however, family strength did not predict school adjustment. Therefore, the complete mediating effect of social support in the relationship between family strength and school adjustment was identified. In conclusion, it was identified that family strength had an indirect effect on school adjustment, but not a direct effect. Therefore, it is indicated that indirect intervention through the social support system as well as direct intervention for the improvement of adolescents' school adjustment is required. In addition, it was confirmed that family strength and social support would be more important variables than control variables, which reflect the characteristics of adolescents and family in terms of school adjustment. Therefore, the recognition that the responsibility in adjusting to school is the common role of families, schools, and community going beyond the individual responsibility of adolescents is needed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.502-514
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• 2006

This Study was carried out to find out regional differences about dietary life and factors associated with meal of school children and adolescents between urban and rural area. Forty students from each of the nationwide 51 schools of three different levels(elementary, middle and high school) were surveyed by self-developed questionnaires. Total of 1,886 questionnaires (1,243 from urban and 681 from rural) were collected and distribution of subjects was 544 from elementary school, 661 from middle school, and 681 from high school. The results were summarized as follows. BMI and degree of satisfaction on body weight of elementary and middle school subjects were not significantly different between urban and rural area. But there were significant regional differences in $BMI(urban\;21.2{\pm}3.0,\;rural\;20.5{\pm}2.8,\;p<0.05)$ and degree of satisfaction on body weight of high school subjects(p<0.001). Elementary(p<0.01) and middle school(p<0.05) subjects in urban area had exercised more frequently than those in rural area. Regularity of having breakfast was not significantly different between urban and rural area at each of three different levels of school. Most subjects(urban 92.2%, rural 92.1%) had lunch regularly by virtue of school lunch service. Regularity of having dinner of elementary(p<0.01) and high school subjects (p<0.01) was significantly different between urban and rural area. Reason for skipping dinner of high school subjects was significantly different between urban and rural area (p<0.05). The most delicious meal was dinner for 51.8% of the urban high school subjects and lunch for 51.7% of the rural subjects. Only one third had intention of participating in school breakfast program regardless of region and levels of school. The findings suggested that nutrition education programs for school children and adolescents include different strategy according to region and levels of schools.