• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1360-1364
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• 2000

This 26-year-old man gradually developed a disabling midbrain tremor involving both distal and proximal part of left upper arm. On neurologic examination, oculomotor palsy, and ataxia of the left arm were noted. Radiologic examination revealed a mass lesion on midbrain tegmentum. He was tentatively diagnosed as brain tumor (presumably germinoma) without stereotactic biopsy. Conventional radiation therapy was given for this lesion. Although there was improvement in the radiologic imaging, his midbrain tremor worsened and became untolerable. The authors performed MR-guided stereotactic Vim-thalamotomy. With macroelectrode stimulation and radiofequency lesioning, his resting, postural and action tremors were almost completely abolished in both distal and proximal part of left upper extremity. Authors consider that Vim thalamotomy is still an effective means of controlling midbrain tremor involving proximal upper limb.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.168-171
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• 2001

It has been said that variable anatomical structures and neural circuits are related to the generation of tremor. There are cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, inferior olivary nucleus, midbrain tegmentum, stretch reflex, and musculoskeletal structures. The stretch reflex is related with the physiologic tremor and various peripherally originated tremors. We experienced a case with the post-stroke resting tremor which was induced and aggravated by mechanical stretching stimulation. In the present case, stretch reflex has a major role in the generation and exacerbation of tremor. It is presumed that the development of tremor is attributed to the increased rhythmicity of ventral intermedius nucleus of thalamus. The enhancement of thalamic rhythmicity may be due to the increasement of long latency reflex by post-stroke rigidity. This case suggests that stretch reflex may have a major role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of a certain centrally originated tremor.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 1996

This study was conducted to elucidate the pathogenesis of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) by histopathologic examination. The first Korean ADV Isolate, which was isolated from piglets with clinical signs of Aujeszky's disease in Yangsan(YS) county, Kyungnam province, was inoculated into 32 days old piglets with a dose of $10^{5.9}$$TCID_{50}/ml$ through intranasal or intramuscular route. These piglets were sacrificed at intervals of every 24hrs for 8 days. The virulence of YS strain was determined by the observation of clinical signs, gross findings, and histopathologic changes in tissues. The virus recovery test was performed from brain, spleen, lung and tonsil in cell culture. The pathogenesis of YS strain was determined by the observation of histopathologlc lesions in CNS and neuronal tracts. The major clinical signs were fever, anorexia, dyspnea, constipation, tremor, ataxia, circling movement, hindleg paralysis and salivation. The clinical signs were more severe in piglets of the group inoculated intranasally than those of the intramuscularly inoculated gorup. Lymphocytopenia was detected on day 5 to day 6 postinoculation (PI). The ADV was recovered from the tissue homogenates of tonsil, lung, spleen and cerebrum in cell culture. The highest virus titer was detected from tonsil between day 6 and day 7 PI. Reddish sublobar consolidation foci were scattered in the apical and cardiac lobes of lung. Although yellowish necrotic foci were detected in tonsil and liver, hemorrhagic lesions were mainly observed in heart, kidney and lymph nodes. Histopathologically, degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells, nonsuppurative meningoe-ncephalitis, nodular gliosis and perivascular cuffings were observed in CNS. Multifocal fibronecrotic foci were observed in lung, liver, lymph nodes and spleen. The major pathologic changes were detected in the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were mainly observed in epithelia and /or macrophages of tonsil, liver, lung, spleen and submandibular lymph nodes, and neurons of brain, respectively. Observation of viral particles at various stages of replication were possible from the endothelial cells of the alveolar capillaries and tonsillar crypt epithelia by transmission electron microscope.

• 재활복지
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.237-255
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• 2014

Idiopathic Parkinson disease(IPD) is an neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra, a region of midbrain. Its major symptoms are muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and postural instability. An estimated 70~90% of patients with IPD also have hypokinetic dysarthria. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) has been reported to be successful in relieving the core motor symptoms of IPD in the advanced stages of the disease. However, data on the effects of STN-DBS on speech performance are inconsistent. A medline literature search was done to retrieve articles published from 1987 to 2012. The results were narrowed down to focus on speech performance under STN-DBS based perceptual, acoustic, and/or aerodynamic analyses. Among the 32 publications which dealt with speech performance after STN-DBS indicated improvement(42%), deterioration(29%), mixed results(26%), or no change(3%). The most favorite method was found to be based upon acoustic analysis by using a vowel prolongation and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS). For the purpose of verifying the effect of the STN-DBS, speech evaluation should be undertaken on all speech components such as articulation, resonance, phonation, respiration, and prosody by using a contextual speech task.