• 공업화학
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2023

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) may adopt actions after completing impact assessments and reviewing results in accordance with the original strategy and impact assessment procedure (MEPC.1/Circ.885). The assessment of the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction measures is an important step in determining whether to implement GHG regulations. This study identifies and proposes improvements in the impact assessment procedure for future mid- and long-term measures. Improvements for future measures should start with a review of "the procedure for assessing impacts on states of candidate measures" and "the actual process of the comprehensive impact assessment for short-term measures in 2021." The procedural improvements were largely derived from the order and period of task performance, the clear definition of terms, and the review of task results through lessons learned, analysis, and expert workshops. The impact assessment of future mid- and long-term measures should be procedurally improved to ensure uniformity and consistency, which will provide objective results for Member States and industries to help smooth the adoption of measures.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.6-6
• /
• 2022

Prolonged Russia-Ukraine war, and unstable situation of supply and demand of global crops including the COVID-19 pandemic have raised awareness regarding food crisis, and in addition to this situation, export restriction measures imposed by some countries have accelerated the rise in the prices. Since the Republic of Korea depends annual crop consumption (21.32 million tons) mostly on the imports (food self-sufficiency rate in 2020 was 45.8%, crop self-sufficiency rate was 20.2%), our main task is to stably secure food. Now we need to put focus on building capacity to secure stable food supply, and actively manage and respond to risks. To overcome this condition, the Korean government set robust food sovereignty as its policy task, and has been focusing on the policy capacity by providing financial and policy support in parallel. We need to implement mid- to long-term measures to strengthen food security as well as to ensure domestic price stability. While increasing the domestic capacity to supply food in the mid- to long-term perspective, we are implementing projects to bring in crops which are inevitable to be imported by private companies. Specifically, we are making efforts to expand infrastructure for the public reserve and domestic production of wheat and beans which have low self-sufficiency rate, and to secure food sovereignty by providing support to secure global crop supply chain to private companies. The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs plans to set a target for food self-sufficiency rate and prepare a policy to strengthen mid- to long-term food security by establishing a task force to strengthen mid- to long-term food security in the Ministry. Especially, although wheat is the second staple food, domestic wheat production and the foundation for the industry is poor. Compared to the wheat imports, domestic production of wheat is 30 thousand tons (self-sufficiency rate of 1%), leading to a vulnerable status against internal and external shocks. Through the establishment of the Wheat Industry Promotion Act (Feb. 2020) and the First Master Plan for Wheat Industry Promotion (Nov. 2020), the Korean government has developed a policy basis, and has been providing financial support in overall across the production, distribution and consumption process. In addition, the government established a production complex for Korean wheat and beans in order to supply affordable government-supplied commodities, provide education and consulting services, and create a high-quality stable production system, including facilities and equipment. We are also continuing to increase the public reserve for wheat and beans with the purpose of stable supply and demand as well as food security. The Korean government will establish and implement mid- to long-term measures to strengthen the foundation for domestic production across production, distribution and consumption process, and to stably secure global supply chain including through diversified import channels.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 2023

Background: Acromioclavicular (AC) osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequent pathology of the shoulder in elderly patients. Drug injection plays an important role in treatment of AC OA. Literature has demonstrated excellent short-term results regarding shoulder function and pain. However, mid- to long-term results are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single intra-articular AC injection in patients with AC OA and to identify predictive factors for success. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to analyze success rate, shoulder function, and pain perception after a single intra-articular injection in patients with AC OA. Success was defined as the absence of reinterventions such as additional injection or surgery. Outcome measures were 1-year success rate and clinical outcome scores of Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, Oxford Shoulder Score, and Subjective Shoulder Value. Results: Ninety-eight patients participated in this study. At a median final follow-up of 0.8 years (interquartile range, 0-6), 57 of these patients (58%) had undergone a reintervention. The 1-year success rate was 47% (95% confidence interval, 37%-57%), with NRS at rest as the sole factor significantly associated with success. Thirty patients not requiring reintervention reported significant improvement from baseline for all reported outcome measures at final follow-up. Conclusions: AC injections offer a 1-year success rate of 47%. The AC injection produces good mid- to long-term clinical outcomes regarding shoulder function, quality of life, and pain perception in one-third of patients. Further research is essential to analyze mid- to long-term outcomes of AC injections.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.319-324
• /
• 2006

Studied was a strategy of technology development for railway system in terms of railway network. First, The successful launch of the Korean HST system has not only decreased logistics burden but also significantly transformed the Korean trunk-line railway network, revolutionizing the logistics and technology sectors and reinvigorating the Korean railway industry in one century. Korean railway industry sector is now investing to develop many different types of railway system(G7, Post G7, tilting train...) so that these kinds of various railway system development should be integrated with the National Inter-modal Transportation Network Plan. To secure sufficient capacity that is required by the National Railroad Plan, the railway industry needs to establish mid- and long-term train purchase and operation strategies in compliance with railway construction and operation policies. During a railway construction planning, train operators, based on their train operation strategies, should come up with measures to closely cooperate with project operators from the planning stage through to the opening of a railway system. To be more precise, train operators should establish long-term train procurement plans reflecting both long-term national railroad network plans and plans for each railway line in order to suggest appropriate roles and schedules for each line. Also, based on the long-term railway plan, directions should be decided concerning the research and development of trains in advance.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.863-872
• /
• 2019

Using the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), this study analyzed the drought characteristics of ten weather stations in Gyeongbuk, South Korea, that precipitation data over a period of 30 years. For the number of months that had a SPI of -1.0 or less, the drought occurrence index was calculated and a maximum shortage months, resilience and vulnerability in each weather station were analyzed. According to the analysis, in terms of vulnerability, the weather stations with acute short-term drought were Andong, Bonghwa, Moongyeong, and Gumi. The weather stations with acute medium-term drought were Daegu and Uljin. Finally the weather stations with acute long-term drought were Pohang, Youngdeok, and Youngju. In terms of severe drought frequency, the stations with relatively high frequency of mid-term droughts were Andong, Bonghwa, Daegu, Uiseong, Uljin, and Youngju. Gumi station had high frequency of short-term droughts. Pohang station had severe short-term ad long-term droughts. Youngdeok had severe droughts during all the terms. Based on the analysis results, it is inferred that the size of the drought should be evaluated depending on how serious vulnerability, resilience, and drought index are. Through proper evaluation of drought, it is possible to take systematic measures for the duration of the drought.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.44-60
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to present suggestions to improve the problems the domestic department stores face by analyzing and comparing the status of the development of PB which is absolutely critical for the specialized domestic department stores to survive, and to search for the future course which may lead to boosting sales and profit by developing the strategic PB products. Selected for this study were atotal of 20 PB's out of domestic as well s foreign PB's in the 4 big department stores. The data were analyzed with SAS package employed as per the by items frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation. From the above study, following viewpoints can be taken into account for the future development of PB ; First, the active will of the excutive is basically necessary for successful development of PB, by relying on long-term investment. Second, the existing mid or low-price goods should be in line with the mid or high price one's development for domestic merchandising with focus on middle or high class society. Third, the stock burden, biggest problem of PB, can be solved by discount policy at optimum prices and success rate of merchandising prediction.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.55-72
• /
• 2020

Purpose - In this paper, we provide recommendations for Korea's long-term direction and strategic measures to attract inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in response to Japan's export regulations. In doing so, we analyze the current situation and characteristics of trade between Korea and Japan, focusing on the parts and materials industry, which is particularly affected by Japan's trade regulations. Design/methodology - Based on the analysis of five successful inward FDI cases (e.g. Toray, IGK, Delkor, GlobalWafers, DuPont) and statistic trend review in the parts and materials industry, we consider various factors pertaining to successful inward FDI in Korea and propose valuable investment attraction strategies. Findings - For a successful investment attraction strategy, we studied some statistical trends in the internal and external environments of the parts and materials industry and successful investment attraction cases in Korea. We have found that in order to increase the probability of success in attracting investment, we need a mid-to long-term strategy considering multiple factors such as "Production-oriented, Demand-linked, Global Value Chain (VGC) linked, and Policy-linked investment attraction." Originality/value - We suggest several specific measures and important strategic implications for the Korean government and firm's managers to attract inward FDI successfully.

• 한국비블리아학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.5-23
• /
• 2024

온라인 자료의 납본 시행 7년차를 맞이하여 체계적인 수집을 위해 동향조사, 법·제도 개선, 온라인 자료 중장기 수집 전략계획 마련이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 온라인 자원을 국가 지식문화유산으로 수집·보존하여 후대에 전승하기 위한 온라인 자료 수집 전략 및 중장기 로드맵을 수립해서 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내외 도서관의 현황, 관련 법·제도, 온라인 자료의 유형 및 수집현황을 분석하고, 이에 기반하여 실질적인 수집 기준과 방안을 제시하였다. 최종적으로 중장기 로드맵 및 실행 계획을 제안하였다. 온라인 자료 수집과 관련한 중장기 발전계획을 수립하여, 단계별로 구체적인 실행 계획을 제안하였다. 이는 온라인 자료 수집의 기반 조성부터 시작하여 확산 단계, 그리고 최종적으로는 성숙 단계에 이르는 과정을 포함한다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.63-98
• /
• 2017

This paper investigates the sales process of treasury stocks, while most previous research studies treasury stock repurchases. The sales of treasury stocks are an important measure to protect management rights only in Korea, as Korea's laws and systems allow treasury stock sales according to the board's resolution and not by the decisions made at the general shareholders' meetings. The board's resolution, which considers the owner-manager's interest on management rights, can cause damages to small shareholders. Considering (i) the economic characteristics of treasury stocks, (ii) other countries' institutions and experiences, (iii) a theoretical assessment of the possibility of small shareholder losses, and (iv) lessons from Korea's actual instances, Korea's present system should be corrected at least in the mid and long term. Even in the short-term, rules pertaining to sales enacted by the board's resolution inducing small shareholder losses should be overhauled. The autonomous discipline by various stakeholders could be an ideal measure by which to monitor ownermanager's decisions. In addition, temporary intervention measures, such as government examinations, could be implemented to protect small shareholders.

• 국제지역연구
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.291-314
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 외국인의 채권투자를 만기별로 구분하여 투자요인을 분석하고, 외국인의 투자만기에 따라 시장영향력도 달라진다는 것을 실증하였다. 2007년부터 본격화된 외국인의 채권투자는 그동안에는 단기물에 집중되었으나 2010년에는 중장기채권으로 확대되었다. 선행연구에서는 외국인의 채권투자를 주로 재정거래 요인으로 설명하고 있으나, 중장기채권은 재정거래와 연관성이 적다는 점에서 다른 요인이 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 실증분석 결과 2년 이하 단기채권의 순매수는 선행연구대로 재정거래 요인에 민감했지만, 2~5년 만기 중기채권의 순매수는 환율변동성 변화, 한미간 주가변화율 차이와 유의한 관계를 보였으며, 5년 이상 장기채권의 순매수는 한국과 PIIGS 국가들간의 CDS 프리미엄 차이, 환율변동성 변화, 한미간 주가변화율 차이, 국채회전율 변화 등과 관련이 있었다. 또한 외국인의 중장기채권 투자가 확대될수록 국내금리는 하락압력을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 신용스프레드 등에도 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 외국인의 중장기채권 투자 증가로 원화가치 상승과 급격한 자금유출입 등 부작용이 우려되고 있어 제도적인 보완장치와 금리정책 외에 다양한 유동성 관리 수단이 필요하다고 판단된다.