• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1041-1041
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• 2001

Removal of variability in spectra data before the application of chemometric modeling will generally result in simpler (and presumably more robust) models. Particularly for sparsely sampled data, such as typically encountered in diode array instruments, the use of Savitzky-Golay (S-G) derivatives offers an effective method to remove effects of shifting baselines and sloping or curving apparent baselines often observed with scattering samples. The application of these convolution functions is equivalent to fitting a selected polynomial to a number of points in the spectrum, usually 5 to 25 points. The value of the polynomial evaluated at its mid-point, or its derivative, is taken as the (smoothed) spectrum or its derivative at the mid-point of the wavelength window. The process is continued for successive windows along the spectrum. The original paper, published in 1964 [1] presented these convolution functions as integers to be used as multipliers for the spectral values at equal intervals in the window, with a normalization integer to divide the sum of the products, to determine the result for each point. Steinier et al. [2] published corrections to errors in the original presentation [1], and a vector formulation for obtaining the coefficients. The actual selection of the degree of polynomial and number of points in the window determines whether closely situated bands and shoulders are resolved in the derivatives. Furthermore, the actual noise reduction in the derivatives may be estimated from the square root of the sums of the coefficients, divided by the NORM value. A simple technique to evaluate the actual convolution factors employed in the calculation by the software will be presented. It has been found that some software packages do not properly account for the sampling interval of the spectral data (Equation Ⅶ in [1]). While this is not a problem in the construction and implementation of chemometric models, it may be noticed in comparing models at differing spectral resolutions. Also, the effects on parameters of PLS models of choosing various polynomials and numbers of points in the window will be presented.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2008

This study set out to investigate the changes to the growth, yield, and flavonoid contents of mungbean according to different seeding times from mid May to mid July in the southern region of Korea. Days to first flowering, days to first maturing, and cultivation period were shorter at later seeding time than earlier seeding time. But later the seeding time was, days from first maturing to first harvesting, days required between harvesting increased. Number of pods at first harvesting and yield of mungbean were highest when seeded at late June, showing increase in yield 14% more than at early June as standard seeding time. However number of seeds per pod and 1,000-seed weight at first harvesting were highest when seeded at mid July. The number of harvesting was smallest at two times when seeded at June or mid July. The contents of average vitexin and isovitexin in mungbean were highest in the order of mid July, late June, and mid May. In particular, their contents reached its highest point in the seeds of the second harvest. Considering the results of the cultivation period, yield, harvesting times, vitexin and isovitexin contents, the proper seeding time of mungbeans in the southern region of Korea will be from late June to mid July.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.233-241
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• 1994

Purpose : This study was performed to verify dose distribution with the tissue compensator which is used for uniform dose distribution in total body irradiation(TBI). Materials and methods : The compensators were made of lead(0.8mm thickness) and aluminum(1mm or 5mm thickness) plates. The humanoid phantom of adult size was made of paraffin as a real treatment position for bilateral total body technique. The humanoid phantom was set at 360cm of source-axis distance(SAD) and irradiated with geographical field size(FS) $144{\times}144cm^2(40{\times}40cm^2$ at SAD 100cm) which covered the entire phantom. Irradiation was done with 10MV X-ray(CLINAC 1800, Varian Co., USA) of linear accelerator set at Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Chonnam University Hospital. The midline absorbed dose was checked at the various regions such as head, mouth, mid-neck, sternal notch, mid-mediastinum, xiphoid, umbilicus, pelvis, knee and ankle with or without compensator, respectively. We used exposure/exposure rate meter(model 192, Capintec Inc., USA) with ionization chamber(PR 05) for dosimetry, For the dosimetry of thorax region TLD rods of $1x1x6mm^3$ in volume(LiF, Harshaw Co., Netherland) was used at the commercially available humanoid phantom. Results : The absorbed dose of each point without tissue compensator revealed significant difference(from $-11.8\%\;to\;21.1\%$) compared with the umbilicus dose which is a dose prescription point in TBI. The absorbed dose without compensator at sternal notch including shoulder was $11.8\%$ less than the dose of umbilicus. With lead compensator the absorbed doses ranged from $+1.3\%\;to\;-5.3\%$ except mid-neck which revealed over-compensation($-7.9\%$). In case of aluminum compensator the absorbed doses were measured with less difference(from $-2.6{\%}\;to\;5.3\%$) compared with umbilicus dose. Conclusion : Both of lead and aluminum compensators applied to the skull or lower leg revealed a good compensation effect. It was recognized that boost irradiation or choosing reference point of dose prescription at sternal notch according to the lateral thickness of patient in TBI should be considered.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.562-565
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• 2013

A new variable rate speech coding technique is proposed. The method is based on the observation that the speech signal approximately looks linear for a very short period of time. The information transmitted is the location and data value of inflection points. If the distance between the inflection points is large, the mid point location and its data value are also delivered. Thus, the encoder transmits both the location and the data value for the inflection samples, but the location only for the non-inflection points. The location information is expressed using one bit for each sample, 0 for non-inflection and 1 for inflection point. At the receiver, using the interpolation, the decoder estimates the untransmitted sample values for non-inflection locations from the received sample values for the inflection samples. With 50 % of computational cost of the existing CVSD delta modulation, the proposed method is expected to achieve the data rate of 36 to 38 kbps and the SNR of 10 to 13 dB.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.330-337
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• 2004

Analysis of flow phenomena in a centrifugal compressor impeller has been carried out with numerical simulation to understand the physics of flow near stall. Near stall point, tip leakage flow spills ahead of the leading edge of adjacent blade and other leakage flow passes over the clearance of the adjacent blade instead of rolling up into vortex within the passage. The tip leakage flow at the mid chord of impeller blade impinges against the pressure surface of the adjacent blade and then rolls up into vortex within the passage, which blocks the flow passage and generates viscous loss. The spillage of leakage flow ahead of the adjacent blade generates the recirculation of flow entering the impeller, which causes the power transferred into the flow by the impeller to decrease and blocks the flow passage. Near diffuser hub wall, flow recirculation occurs. As operating point goes to stall point, the core of recirculation approaches the impeller exit The length rises to peak point and then drops with mass flow reduction, while the height steadily rises.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.41-47
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• 2015

The bandwidth minimization problem (BMP) has been classified as NP-complete because the polynomial time algorithm to find the optimal solution has been unknown yet. This paper suggests polynomial time heuristic algorithm is to find the solution of bandwidth minimization problem. To find the minimum bandwidth ${\phi}^*=_{min}{\phi}(G)$, ${\phi}(G)=_{max}\{{\mid}f(v_i)-f(v_j):v_i,v_j{\in}E\}$ for given graph G=(V,E), m=|V|,n=|E|, the proposed algorithm sets the maximum degree vertex $v_i$ in graph G into global central point (GCP), and labels the median value ${\lceil}m+1/2{\rceil}$ between [1,m] range. The graph G is partitioned into subgroup, the maximum degree vertex in each subgroup is set to local central point (LCP), and we adjust the label of LCP per each subgroup as possible as minimum distance from GCP. The proposed algorithm requires O(mn) time complexity for label to all of vertices. For various twelve graph, the proposed algorithm can be obtains the same result as known optimal solution. For one graph, the proposed algorithm can be improve on known solution.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.107-118
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• 2011

Conventional (SRS) and fractionated (FSRS) stereotactic radiosurgery necessarily require stringent overall target point accuracy and precision. We determine three-dimensional intracranial target point deviations (TPDs) in a whole treatment procedure using magnetic resonance image (MRI)-based polymer-gel dosimetry, and suggest a technique for overall system tests. TPDs were measured using a custom-made head phantom and gel dosimetry. We calculated TPDs using a treatment planning system. Then, we compared TPDs using mid bi-plane and three-dimensional volume methods with spherical and elliptical targets to determine their inherent analysis errors; finally, we analyzed regional TPDs using the latter method. Average and maximum additive errors for ellipses were 0.62 and 0.69 mm, respectively. Total displacements were 0.92 ${\pm}$ 0.25 and 0.77 ${\pm}$ 0.15 mm for virtual SRS and FSRS, respectively. Average TPDtotal at peripheral regions was greater than that at central regions for both. Overall system accuracy was similar to that reported previously. Our technique could be used as an overall system accuracy test that considers the real radiation field shape.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.312-319
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• 2021

This study aims to help users to have a more satisfying encounter based on the problems found by comparing and analyzing similar applications. That is, an application that derives intermediate points through the subway, which is a public transportation means, and provides information on nearby convenience facilities was proposed. The middle point calculation process uses the dijkstra algorithm, which stores the minimum number of nodes in the stored path from the first input location to the last location. The stack and arraylist are used to search all paths from the first input position to the last position, and then the path with the smallest number of nodes is selected. After that, the number of stations in the route is divided in half and the resulting station is output. In addition, this study provides information on convenience facilities near intermediate points in order to have differences from similar applications. It categorizes within a 1km radius of the point and provides a function that helps to conveniently identify only facilities around the middle point. In particular, by visualizing the number of convenience facilities with radar charts and numbers, it is possible to grasp the commercial district around the midpoint at a glance.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.741-754
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• 2002

In this paper we present an error bound for cubic spline approximation of conic section curve. We compare it to the error bound proposed by Floater [1]. The error estimating function proposed in this paper is sharper than Floater's at the mid-point of parameter, which means the overall error bound is sharper than Floater's if the estimating function has the maximum at the midpoint.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

We present infrared color-color diagrams of AGB stars from the observations at near and mid infrared bands. We compile the observations for hundreds of OH/IR stars and carbon stars using the data from the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX), the two micron sky survey (2MASS), and the IRAS point source catalog (PSC). We compare the observations with the theoretical evolutionary tracks of AGB stars. From the new observational data base and the theoretical evolution tracks, we discuss the meaning of the infrared color-color diagrams at different wavelengths.