• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.228-236
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• 1998

Egg is an important foods containing many good proteins. But it is well known that egg protein has a lot of allergenicity. The purpose of this study is to develop the methods to reduce the allergenicity of egg. I tried various experimental methods ; For example, heat treatment, irradiation with ultraviolet and microwaves, treatment with polyphosphate, enzyme hydrolysis and PCA inhibition test using guinea pigs and degrees of hydrolysis. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Heat treatment reduced allergenicity of egg protein. The longer the heat time, the better the effect. 2. Irradiating with ultraviolet and microwave increased both the degree of protein hydrolysis and PCA inhibition reduced the allergenicity. Ultraviolet was more effective than microwaves on egg protein. Fertilized eggs did not reduce allergenicity. 3. Enzyme treatment increased the degree of hydrolysis and PCA inhibition, and reduced allergenicity considerably. Alcalase was more effective than neutrase. 4. Adding polyphosphate did not induced protein hydrolysis, but increased PCA inhibition and reduced allergenicity. 5. The picture of various treatments of egg gel by SEM showed a light surface which indicated that protein was desolved. Neutrase was lighter than alcalase, and the longer the heating time, the lighter the surface became. 6. Measurements of the hardness of egg gel by Instron showed that the longer the reaction time with enzyme, the softer it became.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal physical treatment to reduce the antigenicity of gliadin in wheat dough. Medium wheat dough was treated with an autoclave (5, 10, 30, and 50 min at $121^{\circ}C$, 1 atm), a microwave (1, 5, and 10 min) or both (10, 30, and 50 min/5, 10 min). The proteins in the dough extracts were analyzed by SDSPAGE and the binding ability of anti-gliadin IgG to gliadin was examined by ci-ELISA and immunoblotting. Results showed that the ability of anti-gliadin IgG to bind to gliadin in wheat dough treated with an autoclave alone or in combination with a microwave was decreased. Especially, it declined to ~77% after autoclaving for 30 min and 35% after both autoclaving for 50 min and microwaving for 5 min. In addition, the intensity of gliadin bands in SDS-PAGE were weakened and anti-gliadin IgG did not recognize gliadin in immunoblotting. However, microwaving alone did not affect the antigenicity of gliadin in wheat dough. These results indicate that autoclaving may affect the reduction of the antigenicity of gliadin in medium wheat dough. Moreover, autoclaving in combination with microwaving is more effective for reducing the antigenicity of wheat dough.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.77-84
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• 2006

The objective of this research is to evaluate various reclamation methods of sewage sludge cake after treating with microwave under optimum conditions. In this study the sewage sludge cakes used from S and N wastewater treatment plants in the P city. Microwave with an induced electricity heating way was employed for dehydration of sewage sludge cake. Microwave operation conditions is 2,450 MHz of frequency and the power with 1 to 4 kW. This sewage sludge cake had a moisture content of 70%. The moisture content of the sludge decreased notable up to 2%(wt) resulted in breaking of cell wall. When the treated sewage sludge cake mixed with soils could be applied to use midterm and last cover material soils. Moreover, the adsorption ability of heavy metals such as copper, lead, chromium and cadmium was greatly enhanced by treated sewage sludge cake. Within 30 minutes, 1ppm of copper, chromium and cadmium and 10ppm of lead with 1g of the treated sewage sludge cake in $100m{\ell}$ were below detection. It was possible to use the treated sewage sludge cake as an absorbent for absorption of toxic heavy metals. Results from this research indicated that using of microwave radiation was an effective method for treating sewage sludge cake economically and environmental. A point of view of reclamation, the treated sewage sludge cake appeared to be feasible with an adsorption of heavy metals in steady of using expensive yellow earth.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2005

For th aim of lightweight microwave absorbers, conductive and magnetic microspheres are fabricated by plating of Co films on hollow ceramic microspheres of low density. Metal plating was carried out in a two-step electroless plating process (pre-treatment of activation and plating). Uniform coating of the film with about $2{\~}3{\cal}um$ thickness was identified by SEM. High-frequency magnetic and microwave absorbing properties were determined in the rubber composites containing the Co-coated microspheres. Due to conductive and ferromagnetic behavior of the Co thin films, high dielectric constant and magnetic loss can be obtained in the microwave frequencies. Due to those electromagnetic properties, high absorption rate (25 dB) and thin matching thickness ($2.0{\~}2.5{\cal}mm$) are predicted in the composite layers containing the metal-coated microspheres of low density (about 0.84 g/cc) for the electromagnetic radiation in microwave frequencies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the cause of microbiological contaminants in aseptic chocolate milk and evaluate the effect of a physicochemical treatment on the growth inhibition of isolated bacterial strains. The bacterium isolated from aseptic chocolate milk was identified as Bacillus lentus and was named B. lentus M1. In the heat and pH treatment, the growth of B. lentus was inhibited at 110$^{\circ}C$ for >15 min and at pH's <5 and >10. An electrolyzed water treatment against B. lentus M1, revealed 5 mm growth past the inhibition zone. The effect of ozone gas on B. lentus M1 growth was evaluated using viable cell counts. When the initial number of B. lentus M1 was $10^2$ and $10^3$ CFU, the bacteria were completely suppressed by ozone gas treatment for 10 and 30 min, respectively. In a microwave treatment, B. lentus M1 was sterilized following microwave treatment for 1 min. As the result of ${\gamma}$-irradiation against B. lentus M1, numbers decreased as the ${\gamma}$-irradiation dosage increased. These results show the growth inhibition effects against contaminants in aseptic chocolate milk using physicochemical treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 1995

It is generally known that the protein of talk has allergenicity and the allerenicity Induces allergic diseases. Finding methods to reduce the allergenicity of the food and develop methods to make low allergic food is the purpose of this study. For this study, 1 tried various experimental methods : heat treatment, irradation with ultraviolet and microwaves treatment with polyphosphate, enzyme hydrolysis and PCA inhibition test using guinea pigs and degrees of hydrolysis. The results obtained are as follows. Heat treatment reduced allergenicity of milk protein. The higher the heat, the better the effect. Irradiating with ultraviolet and microwave increased both the degree of protein hydrolysis and PCA inhibition reduced the allergenicity. Ultraviolet was more effective than microwaves on milk protein. Enzyme treatment increased the degree of hydrolysis and PCA inhibition, and reduced allergenicity considerably. Neutrase was more effective than alcalase on milk protein. Adding Polyphosphate did not induced protein hydrolysis, but increased PCA inhibition and reduced allergenicity.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 2019

Petroleum industry produces one of the popular hazardous waste known as Petroleum Sludge. The treatment and disposal of petroleum sludge has created a major challenge in recent years. This review provides insights into various approaches involved in the treatment, and disposal of petroleum sludge. Various methods used in the treatment and disposal of petroleum sludge such as incineration, stabilization/solidification, oxidation, and bio-degradation are explained fully and other techniques utilized in oil recovery from petroleum sludge such as solvent extraction, centrifugation, surfactant EOR, freeze/thaw, pyrolysis, microwave irradiation, electro-kinetic method, ultrasonic irradiation and froth flotation were discussed. The pros and cons of these methods were critically considered and a recommendation for economically useful alternatives to disposal of this unfriendly material was presented.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.292-301
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• 1997

In drying process, to minimize the quality degradation by improved drying process and pretreatment methods, carrots, cabbages and radishes were dried and rehydrated. Physico-chemical properties of product were analyzed to determine the optimum pretreatment method and drying models were applied to explain drying mechanisms. Microwave, steam and water were used prior to drying as blanching method. In consideration of physical properties, optimum treatment time was decided that microwave was 1 min, steam and water were each 10 min. Control, steam, water, microwave and osmotic dehydration were treated prior to drying as pretreatment individually, osmotic dehydration was lower than the other treatmemt in drying efficiency, but carotene content was higher than the others. The effect continued after rehydration. Ten panelists tested dried and rehydrated carrots. After rehydration, the quality of air dried product with osmotic dehydration was superior to freeze dried without treatment. The fittness of drying models were conducted in order to explain the mechanism of drying each process. Quadratic model was most fittable to explain during drying. However, in rehydration process, no fittable model was found.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.62-67
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• 2011

This study has been investigated for characteristic of removal on the effect of changes in soil moisture, microwave power, and temperature through the decomposition of oil-contaminated soil under high temperature conditions with high temperature heating elements and microwave. A lubricating oil having long carbocyclic(C18-C50) commonly known as a non-resolvable material was treated and the efficient for removal of TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) obtained 85.2% at 6 kW and $700^{\circ}C$ and thus the contaminant was found to be removed to 1788 mg/kg for 40 minutes. In case of contaminated soil by light oil and gasoline, the amount of removal was achieved with 567 mg/kg at 6 kW, 500 for 20 minutes that corresponds to reach 98.4% of treatment efficient. In addition, non-resolvable materials contaminated by oil reached TPH concentration on 2,000 mg/kg of worrisome level of soil contamination in the 3-zone at 6kW, $700^{\circ}C$, and 30 minutes, and processing cost at this time was about 8,173 won per ton.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

In this study, recycled aggregates crushed from waste concrete were sorted into three groups, 10-13 mm, 13-20 mm, and 20-25 mm. They were treated in different ways and then their crushability was evaluated for each treatment. Coffee waste was used for reducing their pH level. The pH of recycled aggregate was almost 11, regardless of aggregate sizes. The pH of coffee waste was nearly 5 and 10, 30, or 50 g of coffee waste was mixed with 1000 ml of distilled water and recycled aggregates. The lowest pH was about 6.2 when 50 g of coffee waste was mixed. Aggregates were treated with microwave or soaked for 1 day in vinegar (pH = 2) for neutralization reaction. Microwave treated and neutralized aggregates showed 3.3% and 6.2% higher crushing values compared to non-treated one, respectively. Neutralized treatment was more effective for crushing. In crushing tests, a sample height of 120 mm was tried, which gave 6.3% higher crushing value. A four stepped loading with each 100 kN gave 7.1% higher crushing value, compared to standard 100 mm height and 400 kN continuous loading.