• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.46-55
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• 2006

This study was to compare the antifungal activitiy of monoterpenes with that of sesquiterpenes, which were major constituents of antifungal active essential oil of Chamaecyparis obtusa, to investigate which constituents had more effective against dermatophytes, and to evaluate the synergistic effect of combination of the antifungal active constituents. The antifungal activities of seven fractions (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) from C obtusa essential oil by column chromatography were tested against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Fraction D, E, F, and G were more active than fraction A, B, and C, and their major compounds were mono- and sesquiterpenes analyzed by GC/MS. Borneol, linalool, and ${\alpha}$-terpineol were selected as monoterpenes, and ${\alpha}$-cedrol, nerolidol, and ${\beta}$-eudesmol as sesquiterpenes, respectively. The antifungal activities of the constituents were respectively examined against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (KCTC6077), Microsporum canis (KCTC6591), and Microsporum gypseum. The constituents of sesquiterpenes were more active than those of monoterpenes. By comparing single and combined sesquiterpenes with fraction F containing the higher ratio of sesquiterpenes, combined sesquiterpenes were the most active. This result indicated that there was the synergistic antifungal effect against dermatophytes when sesquiterpenes were combined together.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2000

ITSI-5.8S-ITSII rDNA region was amplified from the reference strains and clinical isolates with ITS1 and ITS4 primers. These primers amplified DNA fragments of 550 bp in Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton violaceum, 700 bp in Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton tonsurans, and 750 bp in Microsporum ferreugineum and Microsporum canis. The restriction enzyme patterns of PCR products digested with 13 restriction enzyme including PstI were distint among the genera, whereas identical in the same species. Examination of the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacers)1 nucleotide sequence revealed that there was the genetic difference in each genera and species. Phylogenetic relationship among each species showed that the Trichophyton mentagrophytes was more closely related Trichophyton tonsurans than Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum gypseum was less related than Microsporum spp..

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2008

Microsporum gypseum is a geophilic fungus abundant in soil throughout the world. M. gypseum has been identified for the first time in Korea at 1976. The purpose of this study was to investigate epidemiologic aspects of M. gypseum. We performed the epidemiologic study an 198 patients with M. gypseum infections in from January 1976 to December 2005. From 100,012 patients, dermatophytes were isolated as follows; Trichophyton rubrum was isolated from 86,553 (86.5%), T. interdigitale 3,991 (4.0%), Epidermophyton floccosum 1.021 (0.1%), T. tonsurans 141 (0.1%). T. mentagrophytes 3.930 (3.9%), T. verrucosum 220 (0.2%), Microsporum canis 3.879 (3.9%), and M. gypseum 198 (0.2%). Number of patients with M. gypseum by site and age were as follows; most patients infected with tinea corporis were young people under 10 years. M. gypseum were most frequently isolated in summer and autumn.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.439-445
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• 2017

In recent years, change in life patterns gave rise to an increase in the number of families with companion animals, and as a result, frequent dermatophytes infections have been reported. Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton verrucosum, are among these species of zoophilic dermatophytes. Trichophyton mentagrophytes are transmitted to humans by contact with wild animals. Infection from it causes strong inflammation in humans. Conversely, Trichophyton verrucosum is transmitted by contact with cattles. Microsporum canis will become latent carriers in cats or dogs, causing infectious diseases when it comes in contact with humans. We investigated zoophilic dermatophytes isolated according to annual, sex, age, season, body sites, and clinical types between 2010 and 2016. According to our results, the isolation rate of zoophilic dermatophytes was 0.37%, among which, 88 T. mentagrophytes, 228 Microsporum canis, and 18 Trichophyton verrucosum were isolated in human. It is interesting to note that Microsporum canis has been on the rise since 2014. Microsporum canis and Trichophyton verrucosum were highly isolated in females, but T. mentagrophytes was isolated similarly in both sexes. According to an age-based survey, the isolation rate was higher in children younger than 10 years. Our results is a valuable data for predicting and studying the isolation of zoophilic dermatophytes in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1993

Common dermatophytosis in upper Egypt were studied at three hospitals in Minia city. Tinea corporis (ringworm of glabrous skin) was diagnosed in 127 patients (84 males and 53 females). Trichophyton was the most common genus and was represented by 6 species among which T. violaceum was the commonest fungus. Microsporum was represented by 4 species and M. canis was the prevalent species. Tinea pedis (ringworm of the foot) was noticed in 22 cases (13 males and 9 females) and also Trichophyton and Microsporum were the causal organisms. Three species of Trichophyton namely: T. violaceum, T. kuryngei and Trichophyton sp. were isolated. Tinea cruis (ringworm of the groin) was diagnosed in 21 patients (16 males and 5 females). Epidermophyton floccosum was the most prevalent fungus associated with tinea cruris whereas Trichophyton and Candida were less frequent. Tinea unguium (ringworm of the nail) was diagnosed in 9 patients, 8 were females and one was male and the age incidence ranged between 5 and 55 years. M. canis occurred in 2 cases and T. mentagrophytes in one case. Out of 86 cases of tinea versicolor, 71 were males and 15 were females. Malassezia furfur was the main causal agent. All patients of candidiasis and paronychia were females and Candida was the most prevalent causal agent.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2005

An epidemiological study was performed on zoophilic dermatophytes. The number of patients with zoophilic dermatophytes diagnosed on clinical findings and culture at the Catholic Dermatological Clinic in Daegu City were 1,339 for 10 years from January 1995 to December 2004. Species of zoophilic dermatophytes isolated from 47,925 patients with dermatophytes were as follows; Trichophyton(T.) rubrum was isolated from 43,702 (91.2%), T. interdigitale 2,660 (5.6%), Epidermophyton(E.) floccosum 43 (0.1%), T. tonsurans 131 (0.3%), T. mentagrophytes 625 (1.3%), T. verrucosum 56 (0.2%), Microsporum(M.) canis 658 (1.4%), and M. gypseum 50 (0.1%). Zoophilic dermatophytes infections were chiefly Tinea facial in the cases of T. mentagrphytes and Tinea corporis in the cases of T. verrucosum, but Tinea capitis in the cases of M. canis. Number of patients with zoophilic dermatophytes by site and age were as follows; Most patients with infected scalps were young people under 15 years old. Infection of the trunk area (neck,chest,back) and extremities (arms, legs, hands, feet) were relatively high in those patients over 15 years old. M. canis were most frequently isolated in autumn and winter, and T. mentagrophyts and T. verrucosum were mostly in spring and winter.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.689-691
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• 1992

DTM cultures were taken on 66 animals that presented with clinical signs of dermatophytosis or that had a positive Wood's lamp test. Of these cultures, 24 were Microsporum canis. Fifteen of the M canis cases were detectable by Wood's lamp. A dosage of 12.5mg/kg BID of ultramicrosize griseofulvin was effective in eliminating clinical signs in nearly all cases. This BID dosage was more effective than the same dose given once daily.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 1975

The antifungal studies on the triterpenoids from the pericarp of Forsythia viridissima LINDL. were conducted. The pericarp was obtained from the plant which was cultivated at Eusung, Kyungsang-bukkdo, Korea. Substances A and B were isolated by column fractionation and purified by recrystallization. Antifungal actions of substance A, acetyloleanolic acid, show significant inhibition effect against Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, Microsporum nanum, M. canis, and M. cookei. Substance B, viridissimic acid, shows negative effect against Candida albicans and shows lower effects against other test fungi.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2005

Ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cassia auriculata were tested in vitro against fungi (Candida albicans and Microsporum canis) and bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteriditis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). M. canis showed dose-dependent susceptibility only towards ethanol leaf and bark extracts. C. albicans, were resistant to all types of plant extracts. Results were statistically smaller to antifungal drug ketoconazole and miconazole at equivalent concentration. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cassia auriculata leaves and barks exhibit antibacterial activity against S. aureus and only the ethanol extracts of leaf and bark were detected against Bacillus subtilis. The results were compared to antibacterial drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, penicillin G, and enrofloxacin. The antibacterial activity was statistically similar to penicillin G. Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that this plant has antimicrobial activity, which is as potent as standard antimicrobial drugs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine the causative agent and the epidemiological features of canine dermatitis in Tae-gu, Korea from 1997 to 1998. Specimens of collected from skin lesions were examined mycologically, parasitologically and bacteriologically. In all, 70 dogs of differing ages, gender and living environment were sampled. In mycological examination during this period, pathogenic fungi were cultured from 29(41.3%) of 70 canine specimens. Dermatophytes were cultured from 15(21.4%) and Malassezia pachydermatis were 14(20.0%) of the specimens. The frequent dermatophytes isolated were Microsporum canis (12.9%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes (4.3%), T rubrum (2.9%), T raubitschekii and M gypseum (each 1.4%). There was a high proportion of positive cultures from dogs less than 1 year and over than 3 years of age, and in some long haired breeds, but there was no significant difference between the sexes, and the living environments. Although dermatophytes were more frequently isolated in spring and winter, no significant difference was detected in the seasonal distribution of the canine dermatophytosis. Out of 70 dogs, dermatitis ectoparasites(27.1%; Demodex canis 18.6% and Sarcoptes scabie 8.6%) and bacterial pyoderma(40.4%) were diagnosed. Demodex canis and Sarcoptes scabie were common canine ectoparasites, with a higher incidence in short haired breeds and in summer and winter. Bacterial pyoderma was a higher incidence in long haired breeds, and in summer. In the pathogenic agents isolated from 57 dogs(81.4%), single infection rate was 66.7%(38 dogs) and mixed infection rate was, 35.1%(19 dogs). In the majority of mixed infection cases, Gram positive cocci and Malassezia pachydermatis (in 5 cases, 8.8%), as well as ectoparasites(in 6 cases, 10.5%) were demonstrated simultaneously.