• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2004

Biomass and community composition of microphytobenthos in the Saemankeum tidal flat were studied by HPLC analysis of the photosynthetic pigments from November 2001 to November 2002. The environmental factors of sediment were also investigated to examine the relationship between microphytobenthos biomass and sedimentary environments. The detected photosynthetic pigments of microphytobenthos were chlorophyll a, b, c, fucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, violaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, alloxanthin, diatoxanthin, zeaxanthin+lutein, peridinin and beta-carotene. Pheophytin a, the degradation product of chlorophyll a, was also detected. The results of pigmen analysis suggest the presence of diatom (fucoxanthin), euglenophytes (chlorophyll b), chlorophytes (chlorophyll b + lutein), cyanobacteria (zeaxanthin), cryptophytes (alloxanthin), chrysophytes (fucoxanthin + violaxanthin), prymnesiophytes (19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin) and dinoflagellates (peridinin). Chlorophyll a concentration in the top 0.5 cm of sediment was in the range of $0.24\;mg{\cdot}m\^{-2}\;-32.11\;mg{\cdot}m\^{-2}$ in the study area. The increase of chlorophyll a concentration in the spring indicates the occurrence of a microphytobenthic bloom. In the summer, there was a sharp decrease of the chlorophyll a concentration which was probably due to high grazing activity by macrobenthos. The annual mean chlorophyll a concentration in the study area was low compared to that in most of other tidal flat areas probably due to active resuspension of microphytobenthos and high grazing activity by macrobenthos. There was no clear relationship between microphytobenthos biomass and sedimentary environments because of a large variety of physical, chemical and biological factors, Pigment analysis indicated that while diatoms were dominated in the microphytobenthic community of the Geojon tidal flat, euglenophytes and/or chlorophytes coexisted with diatoms in the Mangyung River tidal flat.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2012

The effects of substrate size on the growth of microphytobenthos Achnanthes sp., Amphora sp., Navicula sp. and Nitzschia sp. were examined using glass beads in order for phytoremediation in the benthic layer of coastal waters. The glass beads used in this study were 0.09~0.15 mm (G.B 1), 0.25~0.50 mm (G.B 2), 0.75~1.00 mm (G.B 3) and 1.25~1.65 mm (G.B 4). No addition of glass bead used as control. The specific growth rate and maximum cell density of four microphytobenthos species were increasing with decreasing size of glass beads. Moreover, the control experiment without added attachment substrates showed the lowest specific growth rate and maximum cell density. Therefore, the suitable attachment substrates for mass culture of microphytobenthos seems to be important in order for phytoremediation using microphytobenthos.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.405-415
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• 2005

It is difficult to classify tidal flat surface that is composed of a mixture of mud, sand, water and microphytobenthos. We used a Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) method for effectively classifying the tidal flat surface characteristics within a pixel. This study aims at 1) detecting algal mat using LSU in the Saemangeum tidal flats, 2) determining a suitable end-member selection method in tidal flats, and 3) find out a habitual characteristics of algal mat. Two types of end-member were built; one is a reference end-member derived from field spectrometer measurements and the other image end-member. A field spectrometer was used to measure spectral reflectance, and a spectral library was accomplished by shape difference of spectra, r.m.s. difference of spectra, continuum removal and Mann-Whitney U-test. Reference end-members were extracted from the spectral library. Image end-members were obtained by applying Principle Component Analysis (PCA) to an image. The LSU method was effective to detect microphytobenthos, and successfully classified the intertidal zone into algal mat, sediment, and water body components. The reference end-member was slightly more effective than the image end-member for the classification. Fine grained upper tidal flat is generally considered as a rich habitat for algal mat. We also identified unusual microphytobenthos that inhabited coarse grained lower tidal flats.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.853-855
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• 2003

Microphytobenthos that supply nutrients to the intertidal ecosystem play an important part as a primary producer. If we estimate distribution and density of microphytobenthos, we can possibly calculate a volume of primary product in the tidal flat and its effect to the intertidal ecosystem. To estimate the portion of microphytobenthos, we used a linear spectral unmixing (LSU) method. LSU is a tool for inference the proportions of the pure components (or end-members) in a mixed pixel. The selection of end-members is critical to LSU. The end-members can be selected either from spectral libraries built from field surveys or from a remotely sensed image. We compared the two approaches of end-member selection, and the preliminary results showed end-members from from spectral library are as effective as those from image itself.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.884-894
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• 2015

한국 태안군 정산포와 황도 갯벌에서 저서미세조류의 종조성과 생물량의 계절적 변화가 바지락 생장과 연관성이 있는지를 파악하기 위하여 2012년 2월부터 11월까지 계절별로 조사되었다. 연구기간 동안 저서미세조류는 총 122종이 관찰되었으며, 정산포에서 85종(계절별 30-45종), 황도에서는 92종(32-57종)이었다. 연평균 엽록소 a의 농도는 정산포에서 $79.75mg/m^2$였고 황도에서 $151.50mg/m^2$였다. 갯벌 퇴적물에서 서식하는 저서미세조류의 연평균 세포수는 정산포에서 $13,255cells/cm^2$이었고 황도에서 $15,943cells/cm^2$였다. 정산포에서 Cylindrotheca closterium, Gyrosigma sp.와 Navicula sp.가 우점하였고 황도에서는 Amphora sp.1., C. closterium, Detonula pumila, Navicula sp.와 Merismopedia sp.였다. 또한, 두 연구정점에서 최대의 세포수를 나타낸 종은 Paralia sulcata였다. 정산포 바지락의 소화기관에서는 계절별로 18-31종의 미세조류가 분류되었으며, 황도 바지락 소화기관에서는 19-25종의 미세조류가 동정되었고 P. sulcata는 모든 계절에 바지락 소화기관에서 확인되었다. 바지락의 연평균 비만도는 정산포에서 연평균 0.42로 황도의 0.57에 비해 0.15가 낮았다. 결과적으로 바지락의 먹이원인 저서미세조류의 풍도와 엽록소 a의 농도는 바지락 생장과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 확인하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2013

Biomass and community composition of microphytobentos in tidal flats were studied by HPLC analysis and also investigated to examine the relationship between microphytobenthic pigments and Adenosine-5' triphosphate (ATP) as an index of total microbial biomass in intertidal environments (muddy and sandy sediment) of Gyeonggi Bay, west coast of Korea. Microphytobenthic pigments and ATP concentration in muddy sediment were the highest at the surface while the biomass of microphytobenthos in sandy sediment was the highest at the sub-surface (0.75 cm sediment depth). The detected pigments of microphytobenthos were chlorophyll a, b (euglenophytes), $c_3$, peridinin (dinoflagellates), fucoxanthin (diatom or chrysophytes), diadinoxanthin, alloxanthin (cryptophytes), diatoxanthin, zeaxanthin (cyanobacteria), ${\beta}$-carotein, and pheophytin a (the degraded product of chlorophyll a). Among the pigments which were detected, the concentration of fucoxanthin was the highest, indicating that diatoms dominated in the microphytobenthic community of the tidal flats. There was little significant correlation between OC (Organic Carbon) and ATP in both sediments. However, a positive correlation between chlorophyll a concentration and ATP concentration was found in sandy sediment, suggesting that microbial biomass could be affected by labile OC derived from microphytobenthos. These results provide information that may help us understand the relationship between microphytobenthos and microbial biomass in different intertidal sediment environments.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2010

근소만 갯벌에 대해 위성영상 자료를 적용하여 갯벌 표층의 퇴적상과 저서미세조류군집의 변화를 관측하였다. 현장조사 자료 분석을 통해 갯벌 표층 퇴적상 분포를 확인하고, 저서미세조류의 분포 지역이 위성영상에서 어떠한 반사도 특성으로 나타나는지 관측하였다. 근소만의 표층은 $3.5{\Phi}-6.5{\Phi}$ 까지 크기의 입자가 주로 분포하여 공간적인 퇴적상의 분포가 뚜렷하지 않으므로 중저해상도의 영상에서는 퇴적환경 변화의 양상 분석이 적합하지 않았다. 그러나 10월부터 2월까지 갯벌 표층에 나타난 저서미세조류의 번성 현상을 뚜렷하게 관측할 수 있었으며, 중저해상도의 영상을 활용하여 계절별 저서생태계의 분포 변화 관측이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 고해상도 영상에서는 모래성분이 우세한 지역이 잘 구분되어 나타났으며, 잘피의 분포지역을 뚜렷이 관측할 수 있었다. 따라서 국내 고해상도 위성영상인 KOMPSAT-2 자료가 갯벌 표층 퇴적상 및 정밀한 생태환경 주제도 작성에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.301-304
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• 2008

For bioremediation of the benthic layer uptake kinetics of phosphate by microphytobenthos Nitzschia sp.(JFH200406) were investigated. A short-term phosphate uptake revealed that the maximum uptake rate(${\rho}_{max}$) and half-saturation constant($K_s$) were 0.132 pmol/cell/hr and 502.6 ${\mu}M$, respectively. The maximum specific uptake rate calculated between ${\rho}_{max}$ and the phosphorus cell quota($Q_p$), calculated from Strathmann equation, was 14.4/day. The values of these parameters indicate that Nitzschia sp. accommodates well to surroundings of high phosphate, and can uptake over 14-times more than the phosphorus cell quota. Thus, microphytobenthos Nitzschia sp. may be a useful species for bioremediation of the benthic layer.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.249-252
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• 2005

Microphytobenthos bloom from late January to early March in Korean tidal flats. KOMPSAT-2 will provide multi-spectral images with a spatial resolution of 4 m comparable with IKONOS. Using IKONOS and Landsat data, algal mat detection was tested in the Saemangeum area~ Micro-benthic diatoms are abundant and a major primary product in the tidal flats. A linear spectral unmixing (LSU) method was applied to the test data. LSU was effective to detect algal mat and the classified algal mat fraction well correlated with NDVI image. Fine grained upper tidal flats are generally known to be the best environment for algal mat. Algal mat thriving in coarse grained lower tidal flats as well as upper tidal flats were reported in this study. A high resolution multi-spectral sensor in KOMPSAT-2 will provide useful data for long-term monitoring of microphytobenthos in tidal flats.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2005

강화도 장화리 펄 조간대 지역에서 2002년 5월-2004년 4월까지 저서미세조류의 계절분포를 조사하였으며, 저서미세조류의 일차생산력 측정과 HPLC를 이용한 색소분석 방법으로 저서미세조류의 생산능력 및 분류군별 분포를 파악하였다. 강화도 갯벌에서 저서미세조류는 조간대 중부에서 많은 현존량을 보였다 강화도 갯벌에서 저서미세조류의 계절별 현존량 변동은 $2.3-140.9{\times}10^5\;cells\;cm^{-2}$의 범위로 하계와 동계에 낮은 현존량을 보였고 2003년 2월에서 4월까지 저서미세조류의 대증식 헌상이 나타났다. 저서미세조류는 대부분 저서성 돌말류가 우점종으로 출현하였고, 특히 연중 Paralia sulcata가 전 정점에서 우점하여 출현하였다. 그외에 Cylindrotheca closterium과 Nitzschia sp.가 2월과춘계에 크게 우점하였다. HPLC 색소분석을 통한 저서미세조류 군집조성은 돌말류를 포함하여 유그레나류, 남조세균, 녹조류, 은편모조류, 황갈조류, 와편모조류 등 다양한 종류가 출현하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. Chl a의 함량은 1.18-34.25 mg $m^{-2}$의 범위로 평균 7.60 mg $m^{-2}$을 보였다. Fuco/Chl a는 평균 0.7로 나타나 연구기간동안 돌말류가 전체 저서미세조류 생물량의 대부분을 차지하고 있음을 보여주었으며 Chl b/Chl a는 평균 0.17로 유그레나류와 녹조류가 일정 시기에 서로 공존하여 서식하는 것으로 나타났다. 평균 일차생산력의 화는 4.2-113.0 mgC $m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$비 범위로 평균 33.9 mgC $m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$로 나타났고, 초기기울기 $(\alpha)$의 변화범위는 0.002-0.005$(mgC\;mgchl-a^{-1}\;hr^{-1}){\cdot}({\mu}E\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1})^{-1}$로 측정되었다. 동화계수(Pm)는 0.50-1.32 mgC $mgchl-a^{-1}\;hr^{-1}$의 변화범위를 보였고, 일일 일차생산력은 20.9-678.1 mgC $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$ 범위로 평균 206.7 mgC $m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$을 보여 일반적인 갯벌에서의 생산력 범위를 보였다.