• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.517-520
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• 2003

Prevalence of microfilariae, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides from 506 German Shepherd dogs reared in Korea was investigated by modified Knott's test to detect circulating microfilaria and by acid-phosphatase staining for differentiation of each microfilaria species. In the modified Knott's test, 74 of 506 dogs (14.6%) were microfilaria positive, and the prevelance of each species of microfilaria was 90.5% (67 of 74 samples) for D. immitis, 5.4% (4 of 74 samples) for duplicate infection with D. immitis and D. repens and 4.1% (3 of 74 samples) for mixed infection with D. immitis, D. repens and A. dracunculoides. It was considered that the paying attention to the existence not only D. immitis but also other microfilariae were needed in canine filariasis.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2003

A survey of canine heartworm(Dirofilaria immitis) infections among dogs in Daefu area was performed from February 2000 to October 2002 using a microfilarial test and an antigen test(AGEN$^{TM}$ Canine heartworm). The infection rate of 220 dogs(96 males, 124 females) was 23.2%(51/22) by the microfilarial test, but was 23.6%(52/220) by the antigen test, revealing that 1 of 52 antigen-positive dogs were microfilaria-negative in the peripheral blood. All dogs that were microgilaria-positive were also antigen-positive. The infection rates of heartworm in dogs at the age of < 1, 1-3, 4-6, 7-11 and 12-15 years were 2.7%, 17.4%, 41.0%, 42.9% and 57.1%, respectively. Based on the fact that the antigen test is more accurate than the microfilaria test. The infection rates of heartworm in dogs by housing of indoor and outdoor were 6.9% and 46.4%, respectively. Based on the fact that outdoor housing is more infectious than indoor housing.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1997

We have investigated the prevalence of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection among 100 mixed-breed dogs raised in Chonnam Province (Koheung, Posung, Changheung, and Hwasoon) and 100 dogs randomly selected from visiting dogs to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University for routine physical examination. Blood samples taken from dogs were examined for the presence of Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria by the modified Knott's test, and an antigen test which was based on the sandwich ELISA(DiroCHEK(equation omitted), Synbiotics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA) was used to detect the adult heartworm-specific antigen from serum samples. The results were then compared with those of the modified Knott's test. Five(2.5%) of the 200 examined dogs were microfilaria-positive, while 8 dogs(4%) were anti-gen-positive, which suggested that the antigen test was more sensitive than the microfilarial test in detecting heartworm infection. All dogs that were microfilaria-positive were also antigen-positive. The place of origin of the heartworm-positive dogs were of Naju (4/26, 15.4%), Koheung(3/32, 9.4%), and Hwasoon (1/19, 5.3%), while none of dogs raised in Kwangju, Posung, and Changheung areas were infected with the parasite. Although not significant, more infected dogs were observed in older ages, while the difference in infection rate between male (4/98, 4.1%) and female (4/102, 3.9%) was not recognized. Our results indicated that a relatively low infection rate was observed in dogs raised in Kwangju and Chonnam area compared to the infection rate reported previously in other areas of South Korea.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2010

A survey of canine heartworm infections among 83 dogs (Male 42, Female 41) of pet dogs in Ulsan area was performed from March to July 2009 using antigen test. Of 83 dogs, 6 dogs (7.2%) were infected with the Dirofilaria immitis, and 5 dogs (6%) were detected to have microfilaria in the peripheral blood. The infection according to the age of 4~5, 6~7, 7 over years were 7.4%, 12.5%, and 10.5%, Also, A survey of canine heartworm infections among 23 dogs (Male 15, Female 8) of hunting dogs in Ulsan area was performed from July 2008 using antigen test. Of 23 dogs, 11 dogs (47.8%) were infected with the D. immitis, and 6 dogs (26.1%) were detected to have microfilaria in the peripheral blood. The infection according to the age of under 1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7 over years were 12.5%, 40%, 85.7% and 66.7%, respectively.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2004

This study was attempted to survey on the prevalence of canine heartworm(Dirofilaria immitis) infections among 206 dogs (male 92, female 114) in Daejeon area from March to December 2003. Blood samples taken from dogs were examined for the presence of D immitis microfilaria by the modified Knott's test and an antigen test( $AGEN^{TM}$ canine heartworm). The result obtained from this experiment were summarized as follows; 1. Eighteen(8.7%) of the 206 examined dogs were microfilaria positive, while twenty five dogs(12.1%) were antigen test positive. 2. The infection rates of heartworm in dogs at the age of <2, 2∼4 and $\geq$5 were 3.8%, 18% and 25%, respectively. 3. The infection rates of heartworm in dogs by housing of indoor and outdoor were 3.3% and 36.4%, respectively. 4. The regional infection rates were Dong-gu(13/29, 44.8%), Seo-gu(7/92, 7.6%), Yuseong-gu(2/33, 6.1%), Jung-gu(1/17, 5.9%) and Daedeok-gu(2/35, 5.7%). 5. The seasonal infection rates were summer(June∼August, 16.7%), autumn (September∼October, 14%), spring(March∼May, 9.4%) and winter(November∼December. 7.7%).7.7%).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1996

전국 5개 지역에서 사육되고 있는 German shepherd종 개 127두(암컷 56. 수컷 71두)를 대상으로 필라리아자충검사법(modified Knott's test)과 성충항원검사법($DiroCHEK^{\circledR}$, Synbiotics. USA)을 이용하여 1994년 10월부터 1995년 8월 사이에 개심장사상충 감염률을 조사하였다. 필라리아자충 검사법에 의한 감염률은 10.2%(13/127)였으나 항원검사법에 의해서는 28.3%(36/127)를 보여 항원 양성견 36두 중 말초혈액에서 필라리아자충이 검출된 경우는 33.3%에 불과하였다 필라리아자충이 검출된 개들은 모두 항원양성반응을 보였다. 항원양성반응 을 보였으나 필라리아자충이 검출되지 않은 은폐감염견들 중 3두를 부검한 결과 심장과 폐동맥에 4-15마리의 개심장사상충 성충이 존재하여 항원검사법이 보다 정확한 검사법임을 시사하였다. 항 원검사법에 의한 지역별 감염률에 있어서는 강원도 횡성지역의 개들이 가장 높았으며(84.4%). 예 천과 중원지역은 20.0%와 14.3%로 각각 조사되었고 김해와 광주지역의 개들에서는 검출되지 알았다. 감염견들의 연령은 1-3세, 4-6세, 그리고 7-11세에서 6.3%. 21.4% 및 56.4%로 각각 조 사되어 연령이 증가함에 따라 감염률도 증가하였다 이 연구의 결과 국내 개심장사상충의 감염률은 필라리아자충검사법에 의한 과거 조사(3.1~23.0%)에 비해 성충항원검사법에 의한 것이 보다 높을 것으로 추정 되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2003

This study was attempted to survey on the prevalence of canine heartworm(Dirofilaria immitis) infection among 100 dogs(male 39, female 61) on the nine breeding farms in eastern Chungnam province in December 2002. Blood samples taken from dogs were examined for the presence of D immitis microfilaria by the modified Knott's test and an antigen test was using FASTest$\^$/ HW Antigne kit (Mega Cor A-6912 Horbranz-Austraia). 1. Eleven(11.0%) of the 100 examined dogs were microfilaria positive, while nineteen dogs(19.0%) were antigen positive, which suggested that the antigen test was more sensitive than the microfilarial test in detecting heartworm infection. 2. Infected dogs were observed higher more at 2 years older ages(4/48, 8.3%) and male(9/39, 23.1%) than young ages(4/48, 8.3%) and female(10/61, 16.4%). 3. The regional infection rates were of Gongju(15/43, 34.9%), Geumsan(4.27, 14.8%), while none of infection dogs in Yeongi(0/30, 0%). 4. Survey for hematological values of D immitis infected dogs : WBC and eosinophils were 21.4${\pm}$7.2 k/${\mu}\ell$, 3.5${\pm}$0.4 k/${\mu}\ell$, respectively. In conculsion, this study could be overemphasized the importance of control program the heartworm in eastern Chungnam province

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2001

Dirofilaria immitis parasitizes mainly in the pulmonary arteries and in the heart of dogs and cats. The parasite is also of public health importance, because it often elicits nodules in the pulmonary parenchyma and in the subcutaneous tissues, or sometimes parasitize itself in the eyes of human. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of heartworm infection among 165 dogs on three breeding farms in the vicinity of Seoul, Korea. Of 165 dogs, 83 dogs (50.3%) were infected with the parasite, as revealed by an antigen-detecting test using the peripheral blood. Of these, 23 dogs (20.2%) contained microfilaria using the peripheral blood, which are potential source of transmission to uninfected animals and to humans in the endemic area. None of infected dogs showed any clinical signs associated with the disease. Since the three farms were located in the vicinity of Seoul, the unexpectedly high infection rate could imply that the possibility of exposure of both animals and humans living in the metropolitan Seoul area to the parasite is higher than in the other area of Korea.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1999

The prevalence of canine heartworm(Dirofilaria immitis) infection in 150 mixed-breed dogs(male : 54, female : 96) from February to December 1997 was investigated by using antigen test kit(ICT $GOLD^{TM}$ HW, Synbiotics, USA) based on immunochromatographic assay in Inchon city. Also, gross and histopathological findings of an antigen positive dog were carried out. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Four dogs were positive from 150 tested dogs(2.7%). They were all more than 2 years old and infection rates in male and outdoor dogs was higher than those in female and indoor, respectively. Species of infected dogs were Pug(2) , German Sheperd(1) and Great-dane (1). 2. Regional infection rates were closely related with housing system in the city. 3. Pathological findings of antigen-positive dog was excessive enlargement, congestion and hemorrhage of lung and D immitis in heart and histologically hemosiderin, hypertrophy of pulmonary alveoli wall and irregular hypertrophy of pulmonary artery inner wall. Microfilaria was observed in pulmonary artery and arteriole, ventricle and splenic artery.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 개 심장사상충을 관리하기 위한 기초연구 자료를 확보하기 위하여 1996-2007년 동안 국내에서 발표된 논문 중 총 14편 (자충검사 1,790건, 성충에 대한 ELISA 항원검사 3,277건)의 자료에 근거하여 주요 위험 요인별 자충과 성충의 항원검사에 의한 유병율을 추정하였다. 자료분석을 위하여 일반견 (pet dog)과 군견 (military dog)을 별도로 분석하였다. 일반견에서 현성유병율은 자충검사 11.7% (183/1,563), 항원검사 16.5% (379/2,302)로 항원검사에서 유의하게 높았으나 (p < 0.001) 두 검사 모두 성별에 따른 유병율의 차이는 없었다. 2000년 이전과 비교할 때 2000년 이후 자충검사와 항원검사에 의한 유병율은 2.5%에서 13.1%, 9.9%에서 20.3%로 각각 증가하였다 (p < 0.001). 항원검사에 의한 유병율은 2세 이하 5.0% (n = 701), 2세 이상 20.7% (n = 1,003)로 연령이 증가함에 따라 유병율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 (p < 0.001), 실외견 (37.9%)이 실내견 (3.4%)에 비하여 유병율이 유의하게 높았다. 한편 군견의 경우 유병율은 자충검사 38.3% (87/227), 항원검사 38.5% (375/975)로 일반견에 비하여 유의하게 높았으며 (p < 0.001), 잠복감염율은 일반견 37.5%, 군견 66.7%로 나타났다.