• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2000

The purpose of this study w8s to evaluate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic energy(Diapulse) and microcurrent on the wound healing in rabbits. 15 domestic rabbits were randomly assigned to the PRME(n=5). MC(n=5) and CON(n=91 group. Each rabbits were anesthetized with lidocaine HCL $2\%$. Skin wounds were created laterally on the back of IS domestic rabbits(33cm). From 24 hours after being injured, the rabbits of the PEME group were irradiated with an intensity of 3 at a 300 pulses per second, which were applied for 15 minutes every day during the 12 days. The MC group were stimulated with an intensity of $50{\mu}A$ at frequency of40 pulses per second, which were applied for 15 minutes every day during the 12 days. The CON group were not stimulated. The rabbits were sacrificed and the incised wound pans were processed appropriately for the light microscopic examination on the 3rd day, 6th day and 12th day before the beginning of wound treatment. The areas of wound were measured with metric graph paper. The results were as tallows. 1 The PRME and MC group compared with control group showed that wound closure rate increased on 6th, 12th day. 2. It was found that the CON group did not show a complete maturation and had a chronic inflammatory response. Judging from the irregularity of intercellular space and the loose alignment of connective tissue. these findings showed that wound healing was delayed. 3. It showed that inflammatory cells. fibroblasts and epithelial cells activity rapidly processed in the PEME group compared with the CON group. It was found that the PEMI; group showed a advanced remodeling of epithelial layer and a positive repair of connective tissue. 4. It showed that fibroblasts, epithelial cells and inflammatory cells activity rapidly processed in the MC group compared with the CON group. It was found that the MC group showed a improved remodeling of epithelial layer and a dense connective tissue.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Purpose : Delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of both trascutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) Micro current(MC) and only normal Therapy on Delyed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). Method : The Methods ten untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (60Hz) MC($60{\mu}A$, 3pps) a control group that received no MC treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24hours and 48hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of paining(visual analogue scale: VAS) and CK(Creatine kinase) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment. Results : 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by two-way repeated ANOVA. The Results that t-test for VAS revealed significant differences within TENS group. 3) The t-test for VAS, and Creatine Kinase of time revealed significant differences within MC group. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both TENS and MENS had effect on DOMS.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two different forms of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and one of microcurrent high voltage pulsed galvanic current(HVPC) on sympathetic tone in healthy subjects. Fourty subjects received TENS(20) and PVPC(30) during short time(20min). Left finger tip skin temperatures were measured at four interval for each treatment : 1) before treatment, 2) after 10 minutes treatment, 3)after 20 minutes treatment, and 4) after 10 minutes rest. The results were as follows. 1) TENS treatment group increased skin temperature after treatment 20 minutes, but HVPC treatment increased akin temperature after 10 minutes and recovered normal skin temperature after 10 minutes treatment. It means that short time(20min) electrical stimulation decreased sympathetic activities. 2) Sympathetic activities of TENS stimulation were influenced by age, but HVPC were not. 3) During 10 minutes, both treatment increased sympathetic activities, but HVPC treatment reversed sympathetic activity more rapidly than TENS. 4) The changes of skin temperature means by sex, males in TENS treatment group were higher than females, but HVPC were reverted.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1992

An applicability microencapsulation, using electroless copper plating, of hydrogen storage alloy powder as an anode material for nickel-hydrogen secondary batteries was investigated. Alloys employed were $LaNi_{4.7}Al_{0.3}$ and $MmNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$(Mm=mischmetal) which have an appropriate equilibrium pressure and capacity. The microencapsulation of the alloy powder was found to accelerate initial activation of electrodes and to increase capacity which is about 285mAh/g for $LaNi_{4.7}Al_{0.3}$. In addition, other charge and discharge characteristics, such as polarization and flatness of charge and discharge potential, were improved due to the role of copper layer as a microcurrent collector and an oxidation barrier of the alloy powder. $MmNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$ alloy showed lower capacity than $LaNi_{4.7}Al_{0.3}$ because of higher equilibrium pressure. Cyclic characteristics of both alloys were somewhat poor because of mainly shedding and partial oxidation of alloy powder during the cycling. However, it was considered that the microencapsulation method is effective to improve the performances of the hydrogen storage alloy electrodes.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1687-1694
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• 2019

Background: Although cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is reported to have positive effects on mental functions such as depression and sleep improvement, detailed studies regarding awakening, attention and concentration among brain waves reflecting brain activity are lacking. Objective: To examine the effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on various electroencephalograms (EEGs) reflecting brain activities. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind) Methods: This study selected 30 healthy adult women in their 20s who volunteered for this experiment. A total of 30 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (Sham group, 0.5 Hz CES group, and 100 Hz CES group). EEGs were measured before and after the single CES, and the results were compared and analyzed. Results: The relative theta, alpha, and gamma waves indicated no significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group. The relative fast alpha wave only showed significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in P4. The relative slow beta wave only indicated statistically significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in T3 and T4. The relative mid and fast beta waves showed statistically significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group in all areas. Conclusions: These results suggest that a CES of 0.5 Hz awakens consciousness and has a positive influence on brain activity, while a CES of 100 Hz has a positive influence on thinking activity accompanying mental load during concentrating on one subject.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2010

연구목적 : 미세전류 자극이 아주반트로 류마티스 관절염을 유발한 실험동물의 염증반응과 통증에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위하여 실험동물의 발허리발가락관절내 염증반응 정도를 나타내는 인터루킨-6(interleukin-6)의 발현과 핫플레이트(hot plate)를 이용한 발도피지연시를 측정하여 미세전류의 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 : 실험동물은 무작위로 대조군(n=18)과 미세전류를 적용한 실험군(n=18)으로 구분하였고, 각 군당 6마리씩 1일군, 7일군, 14일군으로 배정하였다. 류마티스 관절염 유발후 1일, 7일, 14일에 모든 실험동물의 열통각 역치를 나타내는 발도피지연시와 발허리발가락관절내 인터루킨-6의 발현정도를 측정하였다. 각 집단 내의 기간에 따른 발도피지연시와 인터루킨-6의 면역반응성은 일원배치 분산분석을 실시하였고, 사후분석으로는 Duncan의 다중범위검정을 실시하였다. 실험군과 대조군을 비교하기 위하여 독립표본 t-test를 실시하였다. 연구결과 : 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 아주반트 주사 1일후, 실험군과 대조군에서 인터루킨-6 면역반응성과 발도피지연시는 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 2) 인터루킨-6 면역반응성은 아주반트 주사 7일, 14일 후 대조군이 실험군보다 유의하게 증가되었다(p<.05). 3) 발도피지연시는 아주반트 주사 7일, 14일 후 실험군이 대조군보다 유의하게 증가되었다(p<.05). 결론 : 이상의 결과로부터, 미세전류 자극이 아주반트로 유발된 류마티스관절염 모델에서 활액 조직내 염증반응을 감소시키고 열통각역치는 증가되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate pain relief and functional recovery after total knee replacement. Methods: The treatment was performed by dividing individuals into a control group ($n_1=5$), ultrasound treatment group ($n_2=5$), and micro-current treatment group ($n_3=5$). The control group applied the hot pack for 15 minutes, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for 15 minutes, and Continuous Passive Movement (CPM) for 40 minutes. The ultrasound therapy group applied the frequency of 1 MHz, intensity of 1.0 $W/cm^2$ for five minutes following the same treatment as the control group. The micro-current therapy group applied the intensity of 25 ${\mu}A$, and pulsation frequency 5 pps for 15 minutes following the same treatment as the control group. After treatment, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (K-WOMAC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Range of Movement (ROM) and wound length was measured. Results: VAS showed significant effect in the control group and micro-current therapy group during the treatment period. According to the treatment of K-WOMACK, BBS, ROM, and Healing wounds showed main effects between groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, data showed improvement of pain relief, wound healing effects, and range of motion recovery. Thus, these selected treatments were effective after total knee replacement. In other words, electrical treatment continues to influence pain relief and functional recovery after total knee replacement.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2004

The purpose of study is that we will observe the change of c-fos with the immunohistochemistry method and then we will study the effect of micro current stimulation following the frequency after inducing pain to rats with capsaicin. Rat were classified to SD and they have growed for 8 weeks. We classify to four groups, ordinal group is used in experiment I, the group which we induce pain is used in experiment II, the application group which we induce pain and then the high frequency micro current stimulation is used in experiment III, the application group which we induce pain and then the low frequency micro current stimulation is used in experiment IV, we get the following result. Compare with experiment II, experiment III, and experiment IV from acute pain modal in the immunohistochemistry experiment which has c-fos protein as an antigen, c-fos immunoreactive positive neurons significantly after induced pain for two hours(p<0.001). According to these results, from rats induced pain, micro current stimulation effect to reducing pain, but following frequency micro current stimulation theraphy isn't different from immunoreactive c-fos

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2019

Lateral epicondylitis is caused by repeated use of the wrist, which causes inflammation and pain in the wrist extensor and tendon of the humerus. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) caused by repetitive resistance exercise affects the tendons connected in series with the muscle, leading to lateral epicondylitis. Although micro-current stimulation has been suggested as a possible treatment for tendinitis, there are insufficient studies on specific variables such as frequency. In this study, 15 healthy adult males and females developed DOMS in the wrist extensor and tendon in the humerus. The experimental group consisted of a low frequency group applying 20 Hz and a high frequency group applying 100 Hz according to the micro-current frequency. Each subject underwent an experiment for 5 days after DOMS, and the recovery rates were compared by measuring AROM, GPT, MST, PPT, and VAS. As a result, the 20 Hz group showed significant changes in AROM, MST, and VAS compared to the control group on the 4th day, and the recovery rate was also higher than that of the 100 Hz group. On the 5th day, recovery rate of 100 Hz group was higher than 20 Hz in AROM and PPT, and MST showed higher recovery rate than 20 Hz group, but there was no significant difference. These results indicate that microcurrent stimulation is effective for the treatment of delayed myalgia and tendon inflammation and that the 100 Hz group has faster recovery than the 20 Hz group.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.495-498
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 의료 및 산업용 X-선 발생장치의 선량평가를 위한 면적선량계(DAP)의 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 Ion-Chamber를 이용한 면적선량 측정기술을 기반으로 진단용 X-선 장치에 의해 발생된 피폭선량을 명확히 측정할 수 있다. 면적선량계의 하드웨어부는 공기 중에서 X-선에 의해 전리되는 전하의 양을 측정한다. 미소 전류를 통한 누적선량 측정을 위한 고속 처리 알고리즘부는 입력 손실 없이 낮은 구현비용(전력)으로 X-선에 의해 전리되는 전하의 양을 측정한다. X-선 발생장치의 동작에 동기화된 유무선 송수신 프로토콜부는 통신 속도를 향상시킨다. 연동 및 에이징을 위한 PC 기반 제어 프로그램부는 실시간으로 발생된 X-선량을 측정하여 PC용 GUI를 통해 측정 그래프 및 수치 모니터링이 가능하도록 한다. 제안된 시스템의 성능을 공인시험기관에서 평가한 결과, 각각의 에너지 대역(30, 60, 100, 150kV)에서 면적선량계에 측정되는 값이 선형적으로 증가됨을 확인할 수가 있었다. 또한 4등분한 지점에서 측정기의 지시치에 대한 표준편차가 ${\pm}1.25%$를 나타내어서 면적선량계가 위치에 관계없이 균일한 측정값을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 한편, ${\pm}4.2%$의 불확도가 측정되어서 국제 표준인 ${\pm}15%$ 이하에서 정상동작 됨이 확인되었다.