• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2008

Currently, natural food colorants and preservatives are being used for their general health benefits. Monascus koji, the product of certain fungi that grow on rice grains, has been added to many foods for coloring and preservation. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of Monascus koji ethanol extracts were investigated. Six Monascus strains (M. araneosus KFRI 00371, M. kaoliang ATCC 46597, M. pilosus IFO 4520, M. purpureus IFO 4482, M. ruber IFO 32318 and M. sp. ATCC 16437) were selected based on their relative intensity of red pigment. Two Monascus extracts, M. kaoliang ATCC 46597 and M. purpureus IFO 4482, displayed antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium in concentration-dependent manners. The two extracts showed their strongest antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium, a cause of food poisoning. Therefore, these results suggest that Monascus koji could be used as a natural food colorant and preservative.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1985

File fish fillets collected from markets were analyzed for their microbial load and microflora, resulting in the level of aerobic mesophiles ranged from $3.5{\times}10^3$ to $1.1{\times}10^8CFU/g$, total coliforms from less than 2.3 to $4.6{\times}10^5MPN/g$, fecal coliforms from 1ess than 2.3 to $1.1{\times}10^5MPN/g$, Enterobacteriaceae from $3{\times}10$ to $4.4{\times}10^5CFU/g$ and fecal Streptococci from $1.6{\times}10^2$ to $7.6{\times}10^6CFU/g$ having Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Micrococcus varians, Micrococcus luteus and Streptococcus cremoris as constituent microorganisms of aerobic mesophiles, Escherichia coli and Proteus rettgeri of Family Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcus faecium and Streptococcus avium of fecal Streptococci.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.244-248
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• 1987

Attempts were made to enumerate the number of Gram positive and negative bacteria in the development of natural fermentation rapidly and simultaneously. A general Gram stain was applied to this study. The number of cells by Gram stain was proportional to the cell turbidity by spectrophotometer within a range of 0.7 absorbance at 610nm. The cells washed out during procedures were not exceeded about 8 percentage. The standard error of separate counts in the mixture of Cscherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus was $5.1\pm2.3$%. The possible range of counting was $5.5\times 10^{7}-1.0\times 10^{9}$ cells/ml. Therefore, it is believed that a general Gram stain could be applied to the separate counting of mixture of Fram positive and negative bacterial populations too. In practice, growth kinetics of hemp retting and Kimchi fermentation were presented.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

I isolated the actinomycete strain KH223 from soil samples collected from the Kye Ryong mountain area. This strain is antagonistic to the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. KH223 was confirmed as belonging to the genus Streptomyces based on the scanning electronmicroscopy(SEM) observations of the diaminopimelicacid(DAP) type and morphological and physiological characteristics. Comparison of the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences revealed that KH223 has a relationship with Streptomyces galbus. Production of antibiotics by KH223 was most favorable when cultured on a glucose, polypeptone, and yeast extract(PY) medium for 6 days at 27$^{\circ}C$. The supernatant was found to exhibit an antimicrobial effect on various kinds of bacteria and fungi. Particularly, butanol and ethylacetate extracts of KH223 and cyclo(trp-trp) exhibited significant activity against A. baumannii at concentration ranges of 0.8-12.5 ${\mu}g$/mL, 5.0-25 ${\mu}g$/mL and 12.5${\rightarrow}$100 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. Moreover, in contrast to cyclo(trp-trp) had shown to activity against Micrococcus luteus JCM 1464 at the concentration of 12.5 ${\mu}g$/mL, the butanol extract of KH223 showed significant activity against Bacillus subtilis IAM 1069 and Micrococcus luteus JCM 1464 at the concentration of 0.4 and 0.8 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. These results suggest that KH223 may have a great potential in the production of new antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens and further studies may be warranted for the same.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.567-575
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• 2011

This study was investigated the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of a water extract (70$^{\circ}C$) of traditional Korean teas (rose, chrysanthemum, pine needles, mulberry, persimmon leaves, and green tea). Total phenol contents in rose, chrysanthemum, pine needles, mulberry, persimmon leaves, and green tea were 272.8, 74.6, 153.5, 73.5, 69.5, and 260.8 mg tannic acid/g extract, respectively, whereas total flavonoid contents were 75.1, 47.8, 26.8, 40.0, 27.9, and 99.5 mg quercetin/g extract, respectively. The order of electron donating abilities of Korean traditional tea water extracts (1 mg/mL) were : rose (96.8%) > green tea (95.3%) > pine needles (71.3%) > chrysanthemum (36.8%) > mulberry (28.9%) ${\qeq}$ persimmon (28.8%). The order of nitrite-scavenging abilities at pH 1.2 (2 mg/mL) was green tea > rose > pine needles > chrysanthemum ${\qeq}$ mulberry ${\qeq}$ persimmon. The order of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (5 mg/g) was chrysanthemum > mulberry > rose > persimmon leaves > pine needles > green tea. Rose extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enteritidis, and E. coli, whereas green tea extracts showed strong antimicrobial activity aginst S. enteritidis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.66.1-66.1
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.68.2-68.2
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• 2007

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• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 1987

In order to establish the biological treatment system which can be used for treatment of waste aster from acetaldehyde plant, it was investigated optimum nutrient requirements and growth conditions by mixed culture of Micrococcus roseus AW-6, Micrococcus luteus AW-22, Microbacterium lacticum AW-38 and Microbacterium laevaniformans AW-41 as well as the effect of coagulants and neutralization reagents. Also, it was carried out the continuous culture as well as batch culture to treat the waste water by mixed culture of these strains. The COD removal rate was reached to maximum state for 96hrs culture at pH7.0 and $30^{\circ}C$ NaOH as the neutralization reagents was the most effective, but the coagulants had no effect on the COD remonal rate and the optimum dilution times for treatment were 10 fold. The COD removal rate was also increased by supplimenting 200 ppm $NH_{2}NO_{3}$, 50 ppm $KH_{2}PO_{4}$, 15 ppm $CaCl_{2}$ and 1 ppm $MgSO_{4} \cdot 7H_{2}O $ as additional nutrients. The removal rate coefficient $K_{1}$ on the batch culture was $4.5\times 10^{-6}$, and the detention time for BOD removal rate of 85% was approximately 45hrs. The COD of waste water was reduced to 15% of its initial value by the continuous culture. The COD and BOD of the effluents were to be about 60 ppm and 40 ppm, respectively, and final pH was 7.0.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2000

The extracts of Opuntia ficus indica var. saboten were obtained by using seven solvents of increasing polarity and their antioxidative and antimicrobial activities were investigated along with thermal stability. The highest antioxidative activity expressed as electron donating ability and antimicrobial activity were observed in the 95% ethanol extract. Cell growth inhibition was not apparent on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium, but was great on Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and staphylococcus aureus at the level of 4.5 mg/ml medium. The ethanol extract of Opuntia ficus indica var. saboten showed the thermal stability in the range of 40∼120$\^{C}$. It was re-extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water, among which ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.219-223
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• 1999

Various bacterial strains that secret extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme were screened from kimchi, a traditional vegetable fermented food in Korea. Three microbes of them were identified to be Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus brevis and Micrococcus luteus strains according to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. It was found that B. amyloliquefaciens, B. brevis and M. luteus produced 2.58, 1.48 and 2.03 plasmin unit/mL of fibrinolytic enzyme, respectively. All extracellular proteases showing the fibrinolytic activity were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and fibrin zymography assay and we propose that some of the fibrinolytic enzymes from this work are novel enzymes.