• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

In this study, the contamination level was measured using an ATP meter using adenosine triphosphate bioluminescent material to find effective infection control to compensate for the disadvantages of the microbial culture method used for hygiene control of ultrasound probe. The convex probes were selected from six ultrasound probe in the hospital, and the samples were taken in real time before and after cleaning to check the contamination of the probe. In order to classify the pollution degree using the APT meter was classified by category. A total of 78 samples were collected from the ultrasound probe. When the pollution levels before and after cleaning were classified by category, 76.6% of the samples were classified into category 3·4 before cleaning, but they decreased to 23.3% after cleaning. 13.3% before cleaning was in category 1, but increased to 43.3% after cleaning. By classifying the pollution level, it was confirmed that the pollution level was significantly reduced by category. Until now, there was no suitable criterion for determining the contamination level by using ATP meter in medical machines where sample area is small and reused. In this study, criteria for each category were set to measure the contamination level of ATP meter suitable for small sample area such as ultrasound probe, so that contamination level could be determined in real time at the site. Therefore, it is considered that hygiene management for ultrasound probe can be more actively performed.

• 환경생물
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2010

하계 진해만 16개의 정점에서 해양생태계의 오염 정도를 평가하기 위해서 플랑크톤 건강 지수를 살펴보았다. 해양생태계 건강지수 산출은 부유성 플랑크톤 생물 엔테로박테리아 Escherichia coli, HB, ANF, HNF, HABs 그리고 섬모충류 등과 더불어 무기와 유기 오염원인 DOC, COD, 그리고 Chl.a 등을 각각 조사하였다. 그 중 플랑크톤 지수 산출은 오염압력의 반응에 민감한 Chl.a, HABs, HB, E. coli 등 4개의 지표를 시범적 선정하였다. 또한 점수산정기준은 과거자료를 바탕으로 통계학적 기법으로 해석하였으며, 그들 건강지수 등급도 4개로 나누었다. 그 결과 진해만 해역은 전반적으로 "좋음"의 B등급을 받았다. 본 연구에서 산출한 플랑크톤 건강지수는 진해만의 해양생태계 건강성 평가를 하기 위한 좋은 방법 중 하나로 고려하여도 될 것이다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2009

Contamination levels of aerobic colony counts, coliforms and pathogenic bacteria were tested in fried rice dishes to monitor quality for risk management. The prevalence of Bacillus cereus in dishes from 8 Chinese-style restaurants and 2 institutional foodservices was 10%, and the bacteria's contamination levels was 3.47 log CFU/g. Echerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella were not detected in any of the 10 samples. However, for their aerobic colony counts and numbers of isolated coliforms, the samples were 30% and 70% over the microbial criteria, respectively, for ready-to-eat foods presented in the Korean Food Code. This suggests that fried rice dishes, although cooked with oil at high temperature, require special care. For the prediction of the growth curve of B. cereus spp. in the fried rice samples, an experiment design of 3 storage temperatures ($7^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, $57^{\circ}C$) x 5 storage times (0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 24 h) was applied. The sample exposed to $35^{\circ}C$ showed no B. cereus spp. at 0 h; however, there was a tendency of slow growth (1.0 log CFU/g) after 4 hours of storage and then faster growth at 6 h (3.7 log CFU/g) and 12 h (4.7 log CFU/g), showing a growth rate of 0.56 log CFU/g/hr. These results indicate that fried rice, despite being heat-treated, can become heavily contaminated with B. cereus spp. when held over 2 hours at room temperature. However, the samples stored at $7^{\circ}C$ and $57^{\circ}C$ over 24 hours were not contaminated with B. cereus. Based on these results, management guidelines for controlling B. cereus are suggested.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1998

지하수 세균 군집에 미치는 환경요인의 영향을 분석하기 위하여, 서울 시내에서 음용수로 사용하는 2개 정점과 음용수외 생활용수로 사용하고 있는 8개 정점을 대상으로 조사하였다. 물리.화학적 환경요인과 중금속의 농도, 및 세균 군집의 분포 등 40개 변수를 분석한 결과, 음용수로 사용하는 정점을 제외한 나머지 정점에서 질산성 질소와 암모니아가 용수목적별 수질기준의 기준치 이상으로 측정되었다. 총세균은 5.1~41.4$\times$$10^{5}$cells/ml 범주로, 종속영양세균과 기능성 세균군집은 0.01~29.6$\times$$10^4$cfu/ml의 범주로 조사되었다. 세포외 효소의 활성도는 0.005~11.3$\mu$M/l/hr 의 범주로 나타났고, lipase, phophatase, $\beta$-glucosidase, cellulase, chitinase, amylase 순으로 활성도가 나타났다. 정점별로 조사된 세균 군집에 미치는 환경요인의 상호관계는 대응분석(correspondence analysis)과 다차원 척도법 분석(multidimensional scaling; MDS)으로 하였으며, 그 결과 4개의 집단으로 구분되었으며, 세균 군집에 미치는 주요한 환경요인은 정점별 잠재오염원과 일치하는 양상을 보였다.다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.479-495
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• 2022

Purpose: Rodent models have emerged as an alternative to established larger animal models for peri-implantitis research. However, the construct validity of rodent models is controversial due to a lack of consensus regarding their histological, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. This systematic review sought to validate rodent models by characterizing their morphological changes, particularly marginal bone loss (MBL), a hallmark of peri-implantitis. Methods: This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed electronically using MEDLINE (PubMed), and Embase, identifying pre-clinical studies reporting MBL after experimental peri-implantitis induction in rodents. Each study's risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed for the difference in MBL, comparing healthy implants to those with experimental peri-implantitis. Results: Of the 1,014 unique records retrieved, 23 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. Peri-implantitis was induced using 4 methods: ligatures, lipopolysaccharide, microbial infection, and titanium particles. Studies presented high to unclear risks of bias. During the osseointegration phase, 11.6% and 6.4%-11.3% of implants inserted in mice and rats, respectively, had failed to osseointegrate. Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis of the linear MBL measured using micro-computed tomography. Following experimental peri-implantitis, the MBL was estimated to be 0.25 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.36 mm) in mice and 0.26 mm (95% CI, 0.19-0.34 mm) in rats. The resulting peri-implant MBL was circumferential, consisting of supra- and infrabony components. Conclusions: Experimental peri-implantitis in rodent models results in circumferential MBL, with morphology consistent with the clinical presentation of peri-implantitis. While rodent models are promising, there is still a need to further characterize their healing potentials, standardize experiment protocols, and improve the reporting of results and methodology.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2024

Purpose: Dietary habits are strongly related to the symptoms of people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, personalized nutrition management can help reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life of people with IBS. This study assessed the effectiveness of a personalized web-based nutrition management based on the types of food that trigger IBS symptoms. Methods: Sixty Korean adults with IBS according to Rome IV criteria in their 20s and 30s were enrolled in this study. The data from the final 49 patients who completed a three-month personalized nutrition intervention were analyzed. The general information, anthropometry, dietary intake survey, and gut microbiota were examined pre and post-intervention. The gut microbiota analysis included the relative abundance and the Shannon index. The food intake was recorded for two days for personalized nutrition education, followed by three months of personalized nutrition intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in SPSS 26.0, with the significance set to p < 0.05. Results: The relative abundance of the gut microbiota changed after personalized nutrition management, with a significant decrease in the presence of Veillonella (p = 0.048). Furthermore, when the gut microbiota was analyzed according to the type of food that triggers symptoms, the diversity was increased significantly in the high fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) type (p = 0.031) and FODMAPs-containing gluten-type personalized nutrition intervention types (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Gut microbial diversity and gut microbiota distribution changed after using web-based personalized nutrition management. Hence, personalized nutrition management that considers trigger foods may improve IBS symptoms.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2013

이 연구는 2012년 11월 12일부터 11월 30일까지 D대학교에 재학 중인 치과대학 대학생 100명을 대상으로 타액을 채취하여 타액으로부터의 Streptococcus mutans 분포 정도를 측정한 후 치아 우식활성도를 분석하는 실험연구이다. 타액을 채취하기 전 간단한 자기기입식 설문지를 작성하였고, paraffin을 1분간 저작하여 타액을 컵에 모은 후 screening strip 전면에 타액이 충분하게 묻도록 하여 측정하였다. 연구 대상자의 일반적 특성을 파악하기 위해 빈도와 백분율을 산출하였고, 연구대상자의 흡연과 음주 유무 혹은 기간에 따라 치아 우식활성도의 연관성을 알아보기 위하여 빈도와 백분율, $x^2$ 검증을 통하여 파악한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 연구대상자들의 50% 이상에서 치아 우식활성도 평가의 음성단계를 나타내고 있었다. 2. 흡연은 S. mutans의 분포에 영향을 미치고 있으며, 흡연 기간이 길어질수록 S. mutans가 많아짐에 따라 치아 우식활성도가 높아졌다. 3. 음주는 S. mutans의 분포에 크게 영향을 미치고 있으며, 음주 기간이 길어질수록 S. mutans가 많아짐에 따라 치아 우식활성도가 높아졌다. 4. 연구대상자의 흡연 및 음주유무, 성별에 따른 우식활성도의 평균 차이는 맨휘트니 유 검정을 사용하여 분석한 결과, 우식의 단계와 흡연 및 음주유무, 성별에 따라 치아우식에는 근사유의확률 양측의 값이 각각 0.476, 0.974, 0.772이었으며, 모두 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다. 결론적으로 빈도와 백분율을 흡연과 음주는 초기 우식 유발 세균인 S. mutans의 분포에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 통계학적으로는 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 향후 관련된 여러 요인들을 모두 관리, 통제하거나 추가적으로 선별 투입한 실험연구를 통하여 구강건강을 위한 다양하고 더 많은 사례연구가 요청되고 있다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권3호통권150호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2007

South Korea is the representative consumption country of herbal medicines and most of herbal medicines circulating in Korea have been importing from the developing countries of Southeast Asia such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia and so forth. Domestic hygiene and safety are continuously proposed because herbal medicines which are circulating have the possibility could remain contaminants or residues. Physicochemical contaminants such as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, radionucleosides, microbial toxins, biological contaminants such as microorganisms and animals, agrochemical residues such as pesticides, substances used for fumigation, antiviral agents, and solvent residues are classified as major contaminants and residues in herbal medicines from 2005 September WHO.$^{1)}$ Currently our administration have established a permission standard and the inspection criteria against the heavy metal, the residual pesticides and a residual sulfur dioxide. Furthermore our administration is continuously monitoring and conducting researches for the policies and their scientific ground against herbal medicines. But the appearances or discoveries of the harmful new species due to environmental and industrial developments are becoming social problems. Therefore it may be necessary to continuously consider and investigate regarding hereupon. Recently, the contamination of the mycotoxins against foods such as cereals, nuts and the powdered red pepper have developed and started became problematic issue, and possibility of contamination against the herbal medicine is proposed. And since populations who are using the herbal medicines very limited to several nations, recognition and researches about contamination of mycotoxins in herbal medicines are very insufficient. Therefore it will be need to more focus on the international regulation of quality control and safety for herbal medicines. Now on, we are going to introduce the importance, occurrence, characteristic properties, World-wide research trends and detoxification of aflatoxins, which is known as the most potent mutagen, carcinogen and teratogen mycotoxins.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.102-112
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• 1999

히로시마만에 존재하고있는 간석지에 있어서 유입하천의 유무, 폐쇄성 등의 환경조건이나 조성 후 경과연수가 다른 인공간석지 7개소와 자연간석지 3개소를 선정해 간석지 토양에 있어서 물리화학적 및 생물학적인 구조나 유기물분해기능에 관해 비교 검토하였다. 또한 인공간석지에 있어서는 입지장소, 조성방법, 조성 후 경과연수 등의 차이에 의한 영향, 자연간석지와 동일하게 조성하기 위한 조성인자를 검토해서, 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 인공간석지는 자연간석지와 다른 특성을 갖고 있는 것과 그렇지 못한 것으로 분리되었다. 그렇지만 대부분이 자연간석지와 전혀 다른 특성을 나타내었다 토양구조 중에서 가장 다르게 나타난 것은 세균수, 실트함유량, 유기물함유량을 들 수 있으며, 각 실험 항목이 인공간석지 보다 자연간석지가 높은 값을 나타내었다. 자연간석지와 현저하게 차이를 보인 세균수, 실트함유량 및 유기물함유량에 관해서, 각 인공간석지의 조성 후 경과연수, 표면구배, 유입 하천의 유무, 폐쇄성 등의 조성 인자와의 상관성을 분석 했지만, 명확한 상관관계는 알 수 없었다. 자연간석지와 유사한 토양구조 특성을 갖기 위한 간석지를 조성하는 데에는, 간석지 전면에 있어서 해수로부터 실트 성분이 침강 가능한 장소의 선정이 중요하다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.831-842
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to reveal the biological basis of dental plaque and preschool children's dental health status through repetitive and continuous toothbrushing instruction to preschool children, using quantitative criteria, and to emphasize the importance of the role of an oral health manager for the prevention of dental caries. Methods: After IRB approval, toothbrushing instruction and oral microbial specimen collection were conducted with children of preschool age at the Daycare Center attached to D. University, Busan. Specimens from 27 children were characterized by analysis with real-time multi-chain enzymatic polymerization reaction technique at an agency specializing in genetic analysis. Results: In a survey of the children's dental health behaviors, 48.1% responded that the toothbrushing time is 91 to 150 seconds; 66.7% responded that the frequency of toothbrushing is more than three times per day; 81.5% stated that they performed tongue brushing; and 81.5% brushed their teeth. Regarding levels of dental cariogenic bacteria, after children received continuous toothbrushing instruction, there were reductions in both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Regarding toothbrushing time, the time increased in relation to the presence of instruction. Regarding Quigley Hein Index, the index decreased in the early and middle periods upon addition of instruction, then increased in the middle and later periods. Conclusions: Through persistent and repetitive toothbrushing instruction, healthy behavior can be positively established in children of preschool age; it is necessary to prepare institutional measures so opportunities for dental health education can be consistently provided and maintained. In the future, it will be necessary to conduct a follow-up study to verify the factors affecting toothbrushing time and volume of oral pathogens.