• 제목/요약/키워드: Micro.Nano scale structure

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광학현미경과 투과전자현미경을 이용한 토끼와 닭 대퇴골의 미세구조 분석 (Microstructure Analysis of Rabbit and Chicken Femurs by Light Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy)

  • 김창연;김은경;전태훈;남승원;김윤중
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.155-162
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    • 2010
  • 뼈는 단계별 (hierarchical) 구조를 가진 복합 재료이며 독특한 구조와 기계적 특성 때문에 재료공학 분야에서 많이 연구되어져 왔다. 뼈는 주로 hydroxyapatite, 콜라겐과 물로 구성된 층판형 유 무기 재료 복합체이다. 주요 무기물로써 hydroxyapatite로 잘 알려진 calcium phosphate를 통하여 뼈는 특유의 강도를 유지하게 된다. 본 실험에서는 광학 현미경(LM)과 투과전자현미경(TEM)을 이용하여 토끼와 닭 대퇴골의 구조를 연구하였다. 구성물질 분석은 대퇴골의 calcium, potassium, oxygen 분포 변화를 알아보는데 이용하였다. 실험은 두 구조 범위에 중점을 두었다: micro scale에서 치밀골의 배열을, nano scale에서 콜라겐 섬유와 apatite 결정을 관찰하였다. Micro scale에서 닭과 토끼 대퇴골 구조의 뚜렷한 차이점이 발견되었다. Nano scale에서는 apatite 결정의 모양과 크기 그리고 콜라겐의 배열을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 토끼와 닭은 종이 다름에도 불구하고 nano scale에서는 화학성분과 구조가 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

미세공구와 자기체인구조를 이용한 초정밀 폴리싱 특성 (Nano-scale Precision Polishing Characteristics using a Micro Quill and Magnetic Chain Structure)

  • 박성준;안병운;이상조
    • 한국정밀공학회지
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    • 제21권8호
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    • pp.34-42
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    • 2004
  • A new polishing technique for three dimensional micro/meso-scale parts is suggested using a micro quill and a magnetic chain structure. The principle of this method is to polish the target surface with the collected magnetic brushes at a micro tool by the non-uniform magnetic field generated around the tool. In a typical magnetic abrasive finishing process magnetic particles and abrasive particles are unbonded each other. But, to finish the three dimensional small parts bonded magnetic abrasive have to be used. Bonded magnetic abrasives are made from direct bonding, and their polishing characteristics are also examined. Alumina, silicon carbide and diamond micro powders are used as abrasives. Base metal matrix is carbonyl iron powder. It is found that bonded magnetic abrasives are superior to unbonded one by experiment. finally, the polished surface roughness is evaluated by atomic force microscope.

Selective growth of micro scale GaN initiated on top of stripe GaN

  • Lee, J.W.;Jo, D.W.;Ok, J.E.;Yun, W.I.;Ahn, H.S.;Yang, M.
    • Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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    • 제13권spc1호
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    • pp.93-95
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    • 2012
  • We report on the growth and characterization of the nano- and micro scale GaN structures selectively grown on the vertex of GaN stripes using the metal organic vapor phase epitaxy method and conventional photolithography technique. The triangular shaped nano- and micro GaN structures which have semi-polar {11-22} facets were formed only on the vertex of the lower GaN stripes. Crystalline defects reduction was observed by transmission electron microscopy for upper GaN stripes. We also have grown the InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well structures on the semi-polar facets of the upper GaN stripes. Cathodoluminescence images were taken at 366, 412 and 555 nm related to GaN band edge, InGaN/GaN layer and defects, respectively.

Hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system method for energy absorption of nano-composite reinforced beam with piezoelectric face-sheets

  • Lili Xiao
    • Advances in nano research
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.141-154
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    • 2023
  • Effects of viscoelastic foundation on vibration of curved-beam structure with clamped and simply-supported boundary conditions is investigated in this study. In doing so, a micro-scale laminate composite beam with two piezoelectric face layer with a carbon nanotube reinforces composite core is considered. The whole beam structure is laid on a viscoelastic substrate which normally occurred in actual conditions. Due to small scale of the structure non-classical elasticity theory provided more accurate results. Therefore, nonlocal strain gradient theory is employed here to capture both nano-scale effects on carbon nanotubes and microscale effects because of overall scale of the structure. Equivalent homogenous properties of the composite core is obtained using Halpin-Tsai equation. The equations of motion is derived considering energy terms of the beam and variational principle in minimizing total energy. The boundary condition is assumed to be clamped at one end and simply supported at the other end. Due to nonlinear terms in the equations of motion, semi-analytical method of general differential quadrature method is engaged to solve the equations. In addition, due to complexity in developing and solving equations of motion of arches, an artificial neural network is design and implemented to capture effects of different parameters on the inplane vibration of sandwich arches. At the end, effects of several parameters including nonlocal and gradient parameters, geometrical aspect ratios and substrate constants of the structure on the natural frequency and amplitude is derived. It is observed that increasing nonlocal and gradient parameters have contradictory effects of the amplitude and frequency of vibration of the laminate beam.

나노구조기판의 형상 및 온도변화에 따른 액체 클러스터의 거동에 대한 분자동역학적 연구 (Molecular Dynamics Study on Behaviors of Liquid Cluster with Shape and Temperature of Nano-Structure Substrate)

  • 고선미;정흥철;;최경민;김덕줄
    • 한국분무공학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.34-41
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    • 2008
  • Molecular dynamic simulations have been carried out to study the effect of the nano-structure substrate and its temperature on cluster laminating. The interaction between substrate molecules and liquid molecules was modeled in the molecular scale and simulated by the molecular dynamics method in order to understand behaviors of the liquid cluster on nano-structure substrate. In the present model, the Lennard-Jones potential is applied to mono-atomic molecules of argon as liquid and platinum as nano-structure substrate to perform simulations of molecular dynamics. The effect of wettability on a substrate was investigated for the various beta of Lennard-Jones potential. The behavior of the liquid cluster and nano-structure substrate depends on interface wettability and function of molecules force, such as attraction and repulsion, in the collision progress. Furthermore, nano-structure substrate temperature and beta of Lennard-Jones potential have effect on the accumulation ratio. These results of simulation will be the foundation of coating application technology for micro fabrication manufacturing.

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MOVPE에 의한 GaN 피라미드 꼭지점 위의 반극성 나노/마이크로 크기의 GaN 성장 (Fabrication of semi-polar nano- and micro-scale GaN structures on the vertex of hexagonal GaN pyramids by MOVPE)

  • 조동완;옥진은;윤위일;전헌수;이강석;정세교;배선민;안형수;양민;이영철
    • 한국결정성장학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.114-118
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    • 2011
  • 본 논문에서는 육각형 GaN 피라미드의 꼭지점 부분에만 나노 혹은 마이크로 크기의 GaN 구조를 선택적으로 성장시킬 수 있는 결정 성장 방볍에 대하여 연구하였다. 최적화된 포토리소그라피 공정을 이용하여 육각형 GaN 피라미드 구조의 꼭지점 부분의 $SiO_2$ 마스크 영역만을 제거할 수 있었으며, 이렇게 하여 노출된 육각형 GaN 피라미드의 꼭지점 부분에만 metal organic vapor phase epitaxy(MOVPE) 결정 성장방법을 사용하여 나노 및 마이크로 크기의 GaN 구조를 선택적으로 성장하였다. GaN 피라미드 꼭지점 부근에 형성된 나노 및 마이크로 G값J 구조는 semi-polar {1-101} 결정면으로 둘러싸인 육각 피라미드 형상을 하고 있으며 그들의 크기는 성장 시간에 의해 쉽게 조절할 수 있음을 확인하였다. TEM 관측 결과, 측면 방향으로 진행하는 관통전위들이 $SiO_2$ 마스크에 의해 효율적으로 차단되어 나노 및 마이크로 GaN 구조에서는 전위 밀도가 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으나 $SiO_2$ 마스크의 끝부분의 매끄럽지 못한 부분에 의해 적층 결함이 발생함을 확인하였다.

진공용 나노스테이지 개발 (Development of Nano Stage for Ultra High Vacuum)

  • 홍원표;강은구;이석우;최헌종
    • 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국공작기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.472-477
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    • 2004
  • Miniaturization is the central theme in modern fabrication technology. Many of the components used in modem products are becoming smaller and smaller. The direct write FIB technology has several advantages over contemporary micromachining technology, including better feature resolution with low lateral scattering and capability of mastless fabrication. Therefore, the application of focused ion beam(FIB) technology in micro fabrication has become increasingly popular. In recent model of FIB, however the feeding system has been a very coarse resolution of about a few ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. It is not unsuitable to the sputtering and the deposition to make the high-precision structure in micro or macro scale. Our research is the development of nano stage of 200mm strokes and l0nm resolutions. Also, this stage should be effectively operating in ultra high vacuum of about 1$\times$10$^{-5}$ pa. This paper presents the concept of nano stages and the discussion of the material treatment for ultra tush vacuum.

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Micro/Meso-scale Shapes Machining by Micro EDM Process

  • Kim Young-Tae;Park Sung-Jun;Lee Sang-Jo
    • International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.5-11
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    • 2005
  • Among the micro machining techniques, micro EDM is generally used for machining micro holes, pockets, and micro structures on difficult-cut-materials. Micro EDM parameters such as applied voltage, capacitance, peak current, pulse width, duration time are very important to fabricate the tool electrode and produce the micro structures. Developed micro EDM machine is composed of a 3-axis driving system and RC circuit equipped with pulse generator. In this paper, using micro EDM machine, the characteristics of micro EDM process are investigated and it is applied to micro holes, slots, and pockets machining. Through experiments, relations between machined surface and voltages and between MRR and feedrate are investigated. Also the trends of tool wear are investigated in case of hole and slot machining.

Multiple Scale Processes in Microstructural Evolution: Case Study of Self-Reinforced β-Si3N4

  • Becher, Paul F.
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제53권6호
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    • pp.575-580
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    • 2016
  • Microstructural design of ceramics has generally focused on information gathered at the micro- and macro-scales and related this to how specific properties could be improved. Ceramic processing serves as the key to optimizes the final microstructure. However, the advent of nano-scale microstructures and highly advanced characterization tools are forcing us to develop new knowledge of what is occurring not just at the micro-scale but also at the atomic level. Thus we are now beginning to be able to address how microstructure is influenced by events at the atomic scale using atomic scale images and data. Theoreticians have joined us in interpreting the mechanisms involved in the "microstructural" evolution at multiple scales and how this can be used to enhance specific properties of ceramics. The focus here is on delving into the various layers the "microstructure" in order understand how atomic-scale events influence the structure and properties of ceramics.

카메라 렌즈 표면에 형성된 미세 패턴의 내구성 향상 기법 제안 (Proposed Approaches on Durability Enhancement of Small Structure fabricated on Camera Lens Surface)

  • 박홍주;최인범;김두인;정명영
    • 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.467-473
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    • 2019
  • In this study, approached to improve durability of the multi-functional nano-pattern fabricated on the curved lens surface using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) was proposed, and the effects of the proposed methods on functionality after wear test were examined. To improve the mechanical property of ultraviolet(UV)-curable resin, UV-NIL was conducted at the elevated temperature around $60^{\circ}C$. In addition, micro/nano hierarchical structures was fabricated on the lens surface with a durable film mold. Analysis on the worn surfaces of nano-hole pattern and hierarchical structures and measurements on the static water contact angle and critical water volume for roll-off indicated that the UV curing process with elevated temperature is effective to maintain wettability by increasing hardness of resin. Also, it was found that the micro-scale pattern is effective to protect nano-pattern from damage during wear test.