• 제목/요약/키워드: Micro-environmental analysis

검색결과 350건 처리시간 0.031초

Bio-Composite Materials Precursor to Chitosan in the Development of Electrochemical Sensors: A Critical Overview of Its use with Micro-Pollutants and Heavy Metals Detection

  • Sarikokba, Sarikokba;Tiwari, Diwakar;Prasad, Shailesh Kumar;Kim, Dong Jin;Choi, Suk Soon;Lee, Seung-Mok
    • 공업화학
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.237-257
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    • 2020
  • The role of nano bio-composites precursor to chitosan are innumerable and are known for having different applications in various branches of physical sciences. The application to the sensor development is relatively new, where only few literature works are available to address the specific and critical analysis of nanocomposites in the subject area. The bio-composites are potential and having greater affinity towards the heavy metals and several micro-pollutants hence, perhaps are having wider implications in the low or even trace level detection of the pollutants. The nano-composites could show good selectivity and suitability for the detection of the pollutants as they are found in the complex matrix. However, the greater challenges are associated using the bio-composites, since the biomaterials are prone to be oxidized or reduced at an applied potential and found to be a hinderance for the detection of target pollutants. In addition, the materials could proceed with a series of electrochemical reactions, which could produce different by-products in analytical applications, resulting in several complex phenomena in electrochemical processes. Therefore, this review addresses critically various aspects of an evaluation of nano bio-composite materials in the electrochemical detection of heavy metals and micro-pollutants from aqueous solutions.

급성메탄올중독사고, 왜 발생했으며, 그 대책은 무엇인가? (What Caused Acute Methanol Poisoning and What is the Countermeasure?)

  • 박정선;김양호;김수근;박종식;한보영;정은교
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.389-395
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: Acute methanol poisonings known to be typical occupational diseases occurring in developing countries broke out in sub-contract manufacturers in the early 2016. The present paper attempted to identify underlying causes which hide under apparent findings, and suggest alternative policies to prevent recurrence of similar intoxication Methods: We evaluated occupational health and safety characteristics of workers in micro-enterprises similar to workplaces with methanol poisoning by in depth-interview of employers, workers, and labor inspectors, and literature review. Results: The common findings of workplaces with methanol poisoning were addressed; First, the victims were illegal agency workers. Second, the workplaces were sub-contract micro-manufacturers with less than 5 employees. Investigators found that local ventilations did not work, while most of workers did not wear any proper personal respiratory protective equipment in the workplace. In addition, periodic environmental monitoring and medical check-ups were not done. However, these apparent findings do not appear to be root causes of methanol poisoning. Our in depth-analysis clarified a root cause; micro-enterprises with less than 5 employees are exempted with essential regulations of OSH Act, and employers do not know about OSH Act. Conclusions: We suggest occupational health policies to prevent recurrence of similar intoxication; First, government should introduce programs so that all employers should know about employers' responsibilities in OSH Act from the start of business. Second, even manufacturers with less than 5 employees should not be exempted with essential regulations of OSH Act. Finally, employers should take responsibilities for health and safety of all the workers including agency workers working in workplaces.

마이크로 파일을 이용한 블록식 보강토옹벽의 보강 및 설계적용 사례 연구 (A case study on reinforcement and design application of reinforced earth wall using micro pile)

  • 홍기권;한중근;이광우;박종범
    • 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.161-167
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 교대에 인접하여 시공된 보강토옹벽에서 발생한 구조물 변형에 대한 원인을 분석하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 시공된 보강토옹벽의 단면을 유지함과 동시에 구조물의 안정성을 확보할 수 있도록 마이크로 파일을 이용한 보강방안에 대하여 안정성을 평가하였다. 연구대상 구조물의 지속적인 변형은 구조물의 주변환경 조건에 큰 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 기초지반의 지지력을 감소시켜 중요구조물로서의 안정성 저해요인으로 작용하였다. 이에 보강토옹벽의 지지력 및 전체사면에 대한 안정성을 확보할 수 있도록 보강방안으로 마이크로 파일을 적용하였으며, 이에 대한 안정성 평가 결과, 구조물의 변형 및 구조물을 포함하는 전체사면에 대한 안정성을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 즉, 시공여건 및 주변환경 조건에 의해 보강토옹벽의 재시공이 불가능한 경우에는 마이크로 파일을 이용한 보강이 충분히 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.

Micro CT 이미지 분석을 통한 경량 골재 콘크리트의 공극 분포 분석 (Evaluation of Void Distribution on Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Using Micro CT Image Processing)

  • 정상엽;김영진;윤태섭;전현규
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제31권2A호
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    • pp.121-127
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    • 2011
  • 콘크리트 내부에 존재하는 공극(void)의 공간적 분포는 콘크리트의 역학적, 물리적 거동에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 콘크리트 재료 물성의 파악과 건정성 평가를 위해 내부에 존재하는 공극의 분포 상태를 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 콘크리트에는 육안으로 보이는 재료 표면의 공극 이외에도 내부 공극이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 경량골재 콘크리트의 공극 분포를 파악하기 위하여 micro CT(X-ray microtomography)를 활용하여 생성된 3차원 콘크리트 디지털 시편을 사용하였다. 흑백처리된 단면 이미지를 중첩하여 공극을 묘사할 수 있는 3차원 시편을 생성하였다. 공극의 분포 상태를 확률적으로 묘사하기 위하여 확률 분포 함수 two-point correlation function과 lineal-path function으로 분석하였다. 또한, 이미지 분석을 통해서 콘크리트 시편의 공극의 밀도 분포를 파악하였다. 콘크리트 내부에 있는 개별 경량 골재의 공극도 이미지 처리와 확률 분포함수를 사용하여 분석하였다. Micro CT와 3차원 이미지 분석 방법을 통하여 콘크리트 내부에 존재하는 공극의 분포 상태를 효과적으로 파악할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Effects on Vegetation Distribution of Odaesan National Park according to Climate and Topography of Baekdudaegan, Korea

  • Han, Bong-Ho;Choi, Jin-Woo;Yeum, Jung-Hun
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제26권10호
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    • pp.1111-1124
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    • 2017
  • This study aimed to understand the distribution of vegetation in the eastern and western sides of the Baekdudaegan (ridge) dividing the Odaesan National Park, as influenced by its topography and climate. The actual vegetation, topography and climate for each side were used in the overlay analysis. The results of the analysis of actual vegetation showed a high distribution rate of Quercus mongolica forest on both the eastern and western sides. On the eastern side, the distribution rate of Pinus densiflora forest and P. densiflora-Q. variabilis forest was high, while the western side had a high distribution rate of deciduous broad-leaved tree forest and Abies hollophylla forest. A clear trend was identified for vegetation distribution with respect to elevation but not with respect to slope or aspect. The results of micro-landform analysis showed that the P. densiflora forests in the ridge and slope and the deciduous broad-leaved tree forest in the valley were respectively distributed with a high ratio. In terms of climate, the eastern side revealed an oceanic climate, with a relatively high average annual temperature, while the western side was characterized by relatively high average annual humidity and average annual precipitation. The distribution rate of P. densiflora forest was found to be high on the eastern side of the mountain range.

Ultrasonically enhancing flowability of cement grout for reinforcing rock joint in deep underground

  • Junho Moon;Inkook Yoon;Minjin Kim;Junsu Lee;Younguk Kim
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.211-219
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    • 2023
  • This study analyzes the changes in the physical properties of grout by irradiating it with ultrasonic energy and assesses the injectability of the grout into deep rock fractures. The materials used in the research are OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) and MC (Micro Cement), and are irradiated depending on the water/cement ratio. After irradiating the grout with ultrasonic energy, viscosity, compressive strength, and particle size are analyzed, and the results of the particle size analysis were applied to Nick Barton's theory to evaluate the injectability of the grout into deep rock fractures under those conditions. It was found that the viscosity of the grout decreased after ultrasonic wave irradiation, and the rate of viscosity reduction tended to decrease as the water/cement ratio increased. Additionally, an increase in compressive strength and a decrease in particle size were observed, indicating that the grout irradiated with ultrasonic energy was more effective for injection into rock fractures.

Synthesis of iron nanoparticles with poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) and its application to nitrate reduction

  • Lee, Nara;Choi, Kyunghoon;Uthuppu, Basil;Jakobsen, Mogens H.;Hwang, Yuhoon;Broholm, Mette M.;Lee, Woojin
    • Advances in environmental research
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2014
  • This study aimed to synthesize dispersed and reactive nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP/VA), nontoxic and biodegradable stabilizer. The nZVI used for the experiments was prepared by reduction of ferric solution in the presence of PVP/VA with specific weight ratios to iron contents. Colloidal stability was investigated based on the rate of sedimentation, hydrodynamic radius and zeta potential measurement. The characteristic time, which demonstrated dispersivity of particles resisting aggregation, increased from 21.2 min (bare nZVI) to 97.8 min with increasing amount of PVP/VA (the ratios of 2). For the most stable nZVI coated by PVP/VA, its reactivity was examined by nitrate reduction in a closed batch system. The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constants for the nitrate reduction by the nanoparticles with PVP/VA ratios of 0 and 2 were 0.1633 and $0.1395min^{-1}$ respectively. A nitrogen mass balance, established by quantitative analysis of aqueous nitrogen species, showed that the addition of PVP/VA to nZVI can change the reduction capacity of the nanoparticles.

고분자 중공사막 모듈을 이용한 미세기포 발생과 이미지 분석기법을 이용한 기포 특성 파악 (Utilization of Image Analysis Technique for Characterization of Micro-Bubbles Generated by Polymeric Membrane Module)

  • 김준영;장인성
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.447-452
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구에서는 고분자 중공사막 모듈을 산기 도구로 사용하여 미세 기포 발생을 도모하였고 영상정보를 기반으로 하는 이미지 분석 기법을 적용하여 발생한 기포 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 기포의 이미지 분석 결과, 고분자 중공사막 모듈을 통해 수중에 분사된 기포는 산기석을 통한 기포보다 약 30~64% 작은 크기로 발생되는 것을 관찰하였고, 기포의 70% 이상이 0.2~0.82 mm 범위에 분포된 반면, 산기석의 경우는 0.77~1.08 mm의 범위에 속한 기포가 80% 이상이었다. 산기석과 고분자 중공사막모듈을 각각 기포발생 장치로 사용한 부상조를 운영하였을 때 반응조에 잔존하는 플록의 크기는 산기석을 이용했을 때가 고분자 중공사막 모듈의 경우보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고분자 중공사막 모듈에 의해 발생한 미세기포가 충돌 효율의 증가 때문에 크기가 작은 콜로이드 입자들까지 응집/부상할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였기 때문이다. 따라서 부상공정에 고분자 중공사막모듈을 산기장치로 활용하였을 경우 응집부상 제거효율이 증가할 수 있는 가능성을 보였다. 또한 본 연구에서 사용한 이미지 분석기법은 제공된 영상정보를 기반으로 기포의 기초 특성들과 관련된 정보습득을 위한 분석도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

새송이버섯 재배사의 환경인자 계측(III) -영구재배사를 중심으로- (Analysis of Environmental Factors in Pleurotus eryngii Cultivation House(III) -Based on Panel Type Structure-)

  • 서원명;윤용철
    • 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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    • pp.187-192
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    • 2005
  • Pleurotus eryngii(King oyster) is one of the most promising mushrooms being produced on the domestic farms. The quality as well as quantity of Eryngii is sensitively affected by micro climate factors. To safely produce high-quality Eryngii all the year round, it is required that the environmental factors be carefully controlled by well designed structures equipped with various facilities and control systems. This study was carried out at the commercial mushroom cultivation houses to find out reasonable range of each environmental factor and yield together with economic and safe structures influencing on the optimal productivity of Eryngii. This experiment was conducted from Nov. 10, 2004 to Aug. 27, 2005 in Eryngii. cultivation houses. The environmental factors measured for this study were inside/outside temperature, relative humidity and $CO_2$ concentration in Pleurotus eryngii medium. In addition, the yield and quality of mushroom were made investigation. But the optimal productivity will be evaluated by considering the quality and quantity of mushroom production, energy requirements, facility construction and management cost, etc.

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화강암 공시체의 응력레벨에 따른 투수특성에 대한 연구 (A Study on Permeability Characteristics of Damaged Granite)

  • 김종태;;강미아;정교철
    • 지질공학
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2007
  • 토목구조물의 기초가 되는 암반은 암석자체로서는 강도가 높고 투수성이 작지만 공학적 성질은 암반내의 존재하는 크랙, 절리 등 불연속면의 영향을 크게 받는다. 천부 암반내에 지배적으로 분포하는 것은 절리이지만 그 수가 적은 지하심부에 있어서 지하수 투수성의 가능성을 고려하면 암석자체의 미소크랙의 연결성이 투수성 크랙으로서 충분히 고려되어져야 한다. 이 연구에서는 절리성 암반의 절리분포 및 투수성 해석 모델화 방법을 화강암 공시체의 미소크랙에 응용하여 손상진행에 따른 화강암의 투수 특성을 추정하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 미소크랙 데이터로부터 투수모델을 작성하여 해석한 결과 평균투수계수에 있어서 실제의 투수시험 값과 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 3차원 모델의 가시화를 가지고 모델표면에서의 미소크랙과의 비교로부터 손상발달에 의한 미소크랙 발생수와 유출면으로부터 계산한 평균투수계수는 비례관계로 실험결과와 잘 일치하는 것으로 해석되었다.