• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the factors related to the perceived peer smoking prevalence for adolescents. Methods: A self-administrated questionnaire was administered to 352 students in a technical high school in Kangwon Province in May, 2002. The questions included in the questionnaire were concerned with the estimated number of smokers among ten students of the same grade in their school, the sociodemographic characteristics, the smoking-related behaviors and attitudes, and the smoking-related environments. All the students had their expiratory carbon monoxide level measured with EC50 Micro-Smokerlyzer? to verify their smoking status. Multiple regression analysis was applied for data analysis using Windows SPSS 11.5. Results: The former and current smokers overestimated the peer smoking prevalence. Multiple regression analysis for estimating the peer smoking prevalence for the male showed that the perceived smoking prevalence was higher in the female students than in the male students, higher in those students whose mothers had a higher educational level, who had smoked more frequently, who had more best friends smoking, and who had a higher actual smoking rate of the class. For estimating the peer smoking prevalence for the female, the perceived smoking prevalence was higher in the female students than in the male students, higher in those who smoked more frequently, whose five best friends smoked, who had higher actual smoking rate of the class, and who had smoking siblings. Conclusions: This study showed that a higher perceived peer smoking rate is related with their own smoking history and smoking frequency, the smoking related environment, and gender. Smoking prevention and smoking cessation programs need to focus on correcting the falsely perceived smoking prevalence.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.119-137
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• 2011

A bio-inspired two-mode structural health monitoring (SHM) system based on the Na$\ddot{i}$ve Bayes (NB) classification method is discussed in this paper. To implement the molecular biology based Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) array concept in structural health monitoring, which has been demonstrated to be superior in disease detection, two types of array expression data have been proposed for the development of the SHM algorithm. For the micro-vibration mode, a two-tier auto-regression with exogenous (AR-ARX) process is used to extract the expression array from the recorded structural time history while an ARX process is applied for the analysis of the earthquake mode. The health condition of the structure is then determined using the NB classification method. In addition, the union concept in probability is used to improve the accuracy of the system. To verify the performance and reliability of the SHM algorithm, a downscaled eight-storey steel building located at the shaking table of the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) was used as the benchmark structure. The structural response from different damage levels and locations was collected and incorporated in the database to aid the structural health monitoring process. Preliminary verification has demonstrated that the structure health condition can be precisely detected by the proposed algorithm. To implement the developed SHM system in a practical application, a SHM prototype consisting of the input sensing module, the transmission module, and the SHM platform was developed. The vibration data were first measured by the deployed sensor, and subsequently the SHM mode corresponding to the desired excitation is chosen automatically to quickly evaluate the health condition of the structure. Test results from the ambient vibration and shaking table test showed that the condition and location of the benchmark structure damage can be successfully detected by the proposed SHM prototype system, and the information is instantaneously transmitted to a remote server to facilitate real-time monitoring. Implementing the bio-inspired two-mode SHM practically has been successfully demonstrated.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.187-204
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• 2006

기록관리의 가장 궁극적인 목표는 기관의 기능과 활동을 역사로 남기는 것이다. 기관의 활동을 반영하는 많은 기록물들 가운데 어떤 기록물들이 장기적으로 보존할 가치가 있는가를 객관적으로 평가하여 가치 있는 기록물들만을 선별해 내는 것은 기록관리의 핵심이면서도 대단히 어려운 작업이다. 현대기록은 그 양적인 폭증 및 복잡성의 증대, 전자화 현상을 특징으로 하며, 이는 정보화 환경과 맞물려, 기록물의 전생애주기에 걸친 관리, 통제라는 연속체적 개념의 성립을 가져 왔다. 본 연구는 장기보존할 가치가 있는 기록물을 기록물관리 초기 단계에서부터 선별하기 위한 객관적인 가이드 라인으로서 기관의 기능과 조직이라는 거시적인 요소와 개별 기록물의 내용평가(증거적가치)라는 미시적인 요소가 결합된 업무분석적 평가방안을 제안하였다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제15권3_1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

인간의 속임수는 동물과 차원이 다르다 상대방뿐만 아니라 자신도 속일 수 있다. 심리학 용어로 '자기기만'이라고 한다. 일반적으로 거짓말을 할 때는 티가 난다. 말은 어떻게 짜맞춰보더라도 호흡이나 땀, 시선, 표정, 목소리까지 완벽히 통제하는 데는 한계가 있다. 하지만 자신의 거짓말을 스스로 믿는 다면, 비언어적인 표현조차 거짓을 바꿀 수 있다. 호모사이피엔스가 네안데르탈인을 몰아내고 마침내 지구를 차지할 수 있었던 것은 언어인 거짓말의 능력이라고 해도 과언이 아니다. 그래서 인류를 '호모 팔락스'라고 부르기도 한다. 인간의 이러한 거짓말에 대한 발전 못지않게 거짓말탐지에 대한 능력 또한 비약적으로 증대되었다. 20세기 가장 뛰어난 발명품 중의 하나인 폴리그래프 검사기는 진화를 거듭하여 피검사자나 검사자 모두에게 이용하기 편리한 비접촉식으로 검사를 할 수 있는 바이브라이미지 기술이 출현하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 바이브라이미지 기술을 이용한 거짓탐지기법인 영상 계층진술분석기법의 연구개발과정에서 발견된 표준검사인 자극 검사를 소개한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.315-318
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• 2011

Purpose: An aneurysm is defined as a permanent, localized dilation of an artery with a 50% increase in diameter over its expected normal diameter. Aneurysms can be classified by cause as traumatic and nontraumatic. Traumatic aneurysms can be divided into true and false aneurysms. Nontraumatic causes of peripheral artery aneurysms include mycotic, atherosclerotic, inflammatory, and idiopathic. In the hand, true aneurysms occurring at the common digital artery have been rarely reported. We present a rare case of a true aneurysm of the common digital artery that was resected and reconstructed using a reversed vein graft. Methods: A 49-year-old male patient was refered to our institution with a $0.73{\times}0.44{\times}1.37cm$ sized pulsating mass between 2nd and 3rd flexor digitorum tendons on Lt. palm area. The mass had been present for 5 years and had increased in size over the previous year. No history of trauma was reported. After a physical examination and ultrasound sonography review, a diagnosis of aneurismal dilatation of common digital artery was made. Surgical treatment by excision of the aneurysm, and a reversed vein graft was performed. Results: Histologic examination of the specimen ($3.4{\times}0.7cm$) showed aneurismal dilatation, with elastin fibers present in the arterial wall. The lesions were healed without any complications and there were no evidence of recurrence. Doppler examination of the reconstruction showed good perfusion. Conclusion: Early excision is recommended to relieve symptoms and avoid neurologic damage. Also, artery reconstruction can be performed by primary end-to-end anastomosis or the placement of a reversed interposition vein graft. Micro surgical repair was the only possible treatment in this case. The authors believe that the vascular anatomy should always be restored as natural as possible.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.59-90
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• 2015

Since 1855, the federal courts of the United States have been empowered to assist in the gathering of evidence for use before foreign tribunals. Today, the source of that authority is 28 U.S.C. ${\S}1782$ which permits the courts to order a person "to give [ ] testimony... or to produce a document ... for use in a proceeding in a foreign or international tribunal${\cdots}$ ." It was generally assumed, until the United States Supreme Court's decision of Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. in 2004, that arbitration tribunals were not "foreign tribunals" for purposes of 28 U.S.C. ${\S}1782$. While the issue in Intel did not involve an arbitration tribunal, a statement by the Supreme Court in dicta has called into question the exact parameters of the words "foreign tribunal," resulting in a split of opinion among the federal courts of the United States. This article explores the legislative history of 28 U.S.C. ${\S}1782$, examines the United States Supreme Court decision in Intel, and discusses the split among the courts of the United States regarding the interpretation of "foreign tribunal." The article further surveys emerging issues: is an arbitration tribunal in a case involving foreign parties and seated in the United States a "foreign tribunal"; does agreeing to the use of the IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration circumscribe the use of 28 U.S.C. ${\S}1782$; can a party be ordered to produce documents located outside the United States; and is there a role for judicial estoppel in determining whether an application pursuant to 28 U.S.C. ${\S}1782$ should be granted?

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2020

본 연구는 선박용 디젤엔진 부품인 축류 단조품을 단조작업에 의하여 제작하는 과정에서 발생하는 품질문제를 해결하기 위하여 수행되었다. 1차, 2차 가열 및 열간 단조를 거쳐 완성된 단조품은 최종 후열처리공정을 거치게 되는데 이 과정에서 발생하는 것으로 알려진 내부 결함문제를 해결하기 위하여 냉각공정을 평가하였다. 자유단조작업을 거쳐 제작된 축류 단조품에는 2차 열간 단조작업 후 냉각과정에서 소재 내부에 존재하고 있던 잔류 수소가 기공이나 미세 균열, 입계, 계면 등으로 확산, 집적됨으로써 균열을 유발하여 내부 결함이 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있으며 실제 작업현장에서 균열발생 사례가 보고되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 수치해석 전용 프로그램인 ANSYS를 사용하여 열전달 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 해석모델은 축류 단조품의 특성상 축대칭요소를 사용하여 구성하였고 단조품 초기 온도 1250 ℃에서 단조작업 완료 후 냉각과정에서 시간이 경과함에 따른 온도변화를 평가하였다. 주어진 4종류의 축류 단조품에 대하여 온도이력을 평가한 결과 단조품 내부에 수소유기균열 발생이 예상되는 250 ℃까지 냉각되는데 소요되는 시간을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 냉각시간은 추후 열처리 작업의 작업표준으로 적용함으로써 축류 단조품 제작 시품질과 생산성을 높일 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2010

Super-duplex stainless steels (SDSS) have a good balance of mechanical property and corrosion resistance when they consist of approximately equal amount of austenite and ferrite. The SDSS needs to avoid the detrimental phases such as sigma(${\sigma}$), chi(${\chi}$), secondary austenite(${\gamma}2$), chromium carbide & nitride and to maintain the ratio of ferrite & austenite phase as well known. However, the effects of the subsequent weld thermal cycle were seldom experimentally studied on the micro-structural variation of weldment & pitting corrosion property. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of the subsequent thermal cycle on the change of weld microstructure and pitting corrosion property at $40^{\circ}C$. The thermal history of root side was measured experimentally and the change of microstructure of weld root & the weight loss by pitting corrosion test were observed as a function of the thermal cycle of each weld layer. The ferrite contents of root weld were reduced with the subsequent weld thermal cycles. The pitting corrosion was occurred in the weld root region in case of the all pitted specimen & in the middle weld layer in some cases. And the weight loss by pitting corrosion was increased in proportional to the time exposed at high temperature of the root weld and also by the decrease of ferrite content. The subsequent weld thermal cycles destroy the phase balance of ferrite & austenite at the root weld. Conclusively, It is thought that as the more subsequent welds were added, the more the phase balance of ferrite & austenite was deviated from equality, therefore the pitting corrosion property was deteriorated by galvanic effect of the two phases and the increase of 2nd phases & grain boundary energy.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

한국 스마트폰 게임의 빠른 성장과 함께 새로운 게임 시스템 등이 등장했다. 특히 인기 있는 장르인 RPG에 도입된 자동 전투 시스템은 기존 컴퓨터 게임의 이해에 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 이 변화를 이해하기 위해서는 어떤 환경이 자동 전투 시스템을 등장하도록 했는가에 대해 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 여기에서 중요한 것은 스마트폰 게임의 존재를 규정하는 기술적 장치, 즉 스마트폰과 이 스마트폰의 사용 양식이다. 기술적 장치와 그것의 사용 양식은 게임을 플레이하는 유저의 활동 방식에 영향을 미치고, 게임 개발자는 이 활동 방식에 맞춰 게임 시스템을 만들어 내는 것이다. 자동 전투 시스템의 이런 등장과 성장의 과정을 살펴봄으로써 우리는 게임 시스템의 미시적 변화가 컴퓨터 게임의 존재 양식의 변화를 반영한다는 점을 확인할 수 있다. 이런 사실은 컴퓨터 게임의 역사를 이해하는 폭을 넓혀줄 것이다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.429-444
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to identify the risk factor and protection factor related to suicide ideation in each life course based on an ecological-system perspective. A questionnaire was carried out for 393 adolescents, 473 adults and 376 aged men living nationwide. The results are as follows. First, the suicide ideation was low with 1.78 points in the full mark of 5 points. Second, the difference in suicide ideation, depression, hopelessness, stress in the organic system variables, family solidarity in the micro system variables, intermediate system variables, residence, the existence/inexistence of counselling center and the influence of mass media in mezo system variables in each life course were significant. Third, the relative influence of organic system variables on the suicide ideation were largest in all life courses. Further, the depression and the influence of mass media in all life courses were a risk factor of suicide ideation and stress was also a risk factor of suicide ideation in the case of adolescents and the aged. When examining protection factors of suicide ideation, family solidarity, minute as it is, works as the protection factor of suicide ideation in the case of adolescents. For the adults, living in a metropolis was a protection factor from suicide ideation. For the aged, family solidarity, family history of suicide and adult children's attention to their friends and neighbors (intermediate system variable) were protection factors from suicide ideation. I suggested that policy, service, counseling and educational program proper to each life course were necessary to lower risk factors of suicide ideation and to improve protection factors.