• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 1985

Mouse embryos of 8-cell stage and compacted morulae(approximately 16 cells) containing different number of blastomeres were bisected and cultured in vitro to determine the developmental potentials of the divided embryos compared with those of unmanipulated control embryos. The results were as follows. 1. Micromanipulation was performed successfully by means of a simple manipulator which holds a fine glass, needle, without the use of any micro-instruments for support. 2. The percentage of bisected morulae with 7-9 blastomeres that developed to eu-blastocyst was 94.1% while only 64.8% of the bisected 8-cell embryos with 4 blastomeres developed to eublastocysts (p<0.05). 3. The percentage of eu-blastocysts decreased, while that of pseudoblastocysts and trophectodermal vesicle increased as the number of blastomeres decreased in the bisected embryos of the two stages. 4. The time of the blastocoele re-formation of the bisected and control embryos was not significantly different in morulae stage embryos, but it was significantly delayed in the 8-cell stage embryos (Eu-B, Pseudo-B) compared with control embryos (P<0.01, P<0.05 respectively).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07d
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• pp.2712-2714
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• 2002

Recently, the high blood pressure is appeared the most frequent disease of a man's the whole sickness. But, to treat this disease is uncertain and produces an adverse reaction of a medicine therapy. Also, a patients are burden high price for doctor's treatment. Therefore, we studied effectively and financially to execute the treatment of the high blood pressure using the Chinese Medicine Theorem that recently arousing a great interest of the people. The main theories of this paper are Blood Vessel Theory and Acupuncture. The composed circuits are low-frequency generating circuit, charging-discharging circuit. The former will substitute a needle that use in the acupuncture therapy method and the latter will charge and discharge the bioelectric action potential of a patient in Ear Acupuncture Point. Also, all circuits will be controlled a micro-computer circuit.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

Isolating total DNA from small samples using traditional methods is difficult and inefficient mainly due to loss of DNA during filtration and precipitation. With advances in molecular pathology, DNA extraction from micro-dissected cells has become essential in handling clinical samples. Genomic DNA extraction using small numbers of cells can be very important to successfully PCR amplify DNA from small biopsy specimens. We compared our experimental genomic DNA extraction method (A) with two other commercially available methods: using spin columns (B), and conventional resins (C), and determined the efficacy of DNA extraction from small numbers of cells smeared on a glass slide. Approximately 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 cells were isolated from fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) slides aspirated from histologically proven papillary thyroid carcinoma masses. DNA was extracted using the three techniques. After measuring DNA quantity, PCR amplification was performed to detect the ${\beta}$-globin and $BRAF^{V600E}$ gene mutations. DNA extracted by method (A) showed better yield than the other methods in all cell groups. With our method, a suitable amount of genomic DNA to produce amplification was extracted from as few as 50 cells, while more than 100 to 200 cells were required when methods (B) or (C) were applied. Our genomic DNA extraction method provides high quality and improved yields for molecular analysis. It will be especially useful for paucicellular clinical samples which molecular pathologists often confront when handling fine needle aspiration cytology, exfoliative cytology and small biopsy specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2023

Mean sea level has recently been rising due to global warming causing coastal erosion. As Korea is peninsula, the land loss due to coastal erosion is critical. An approach in this study is cementing the coastal area using bacteria, which is called microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). This study tried to see how fresh water and sea water work with MICP as a solvent. Ureolytic activity during the MICP reaction was measured with deionized and sea water. A soil column was prepared to evaluate the strength of MICP-treated sand. Sands were treated by MICP with surface percolation method. As the treatmen t style was different with other conventional methods, several methods were proposed to properly evaluate the MICP-treated sand surface. A micro-scale evaluation was performed to assess the mineral structure treated by different solvents. As results, sea water rendered the ureolytic reaction slower. A needle penetrometer worked well to evaluate the MICP-treated sand surface. This study confirmed the utilization of sea water is feasible as the solvent of MICP.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.269-276
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• 2017

In this study, a test was conducted to examine the effects of micro-needle therapy (MTS) and cosmetics containing spirulina on improving the skin tone, skin hydration, hyper-pigmentation, and fine lines of middle-aged women in their 40s and 50s and to propose an effective skin care method. The subjects were divided into a control group of eight people who used serum and cream mask that does not contain MTS and spirulina, and an experimental group who used serum and cream containing MTS and spirulina. The test was conducted with six 30-minute sessions for one week. The change in skin was measured over three times in the week of the test, after six weeks of the test, and two weeks after the test had finished. The result showed that after six weeks of the test, in the experimental group, the skin tone (color brightness, saturation brightness, skin brightness) and moisture showed a significant increase (p<0.05), while the number of small hyper-pigmentation and large hyper-pigmentation, as well as the length of crow's feet, melanin, erythema showed a significant reduction (p<0.05). No significant differences in fine lines under the eyes and length of crow's feet were observed. Two weeks after the test was finished, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in the length of crow's feet and melanin (p<0.05), and a significant increase in skin brightness and moisture (p<0.05). Even after the test was completed, the skin brightness, fine lines, melanin, and moisture improved continuously. In conclusion, skin care using MTS and cosmetics containing spirulina was more effective on improving the skin tone, hydration, hyper-pigmentation, and fine lines, than skin care without using them.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.380-381
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• 2012

Bioinspired sea urchin-like structures were fabricated on silicon by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching using lens-like shape hexagonally patterned photoresist (PR) patterns and subsequent metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) [1]. The lens-like shape PR patterns with a diameter of 2 ${\mu}m$ were formed by conventional lithography method followed by thermal reflow process of PR patterns on a hotplate at $170^{\circ}C$ for 40 s. ICP etching process was carried out in an SF6 plasma ambient using an optimum etching conditions such as radio-frequency power of 50 W, ICP power of 25 W, SF6 flow rate of 30 sccm, process pressure of 10 mTorr, and etching time of 150 s in order to produce micron structure with tapered etch profile. 15 nm thick Ag film was evaporated on the samples using e-beam evaporator with a deposition rate of 0.05 nm/s. To form Ag nanoparticles (NPs), the samples were thermally treated (thermally dewetted) in a rapid thermal annealing system at $500^{\circ}C$ for 1 min in a nitrogen environment. The Ag thickness and thermal dewetting conditions were carefully chosen to obtain isolated Ag NPs. To fabricate needle-like nanostructures on both the micron structure (i.e., sea urchin-like structures) and flat surface of silicon, MaCE process, which is based on the strong catalytic activity of metal, was performed in a chemical etchant (HNO3: HF: H2O = 4: 1: 20) using Ag NPs at room temperature for 1 min. Finally, the residual Ag NPs were removed by immersion in a HNO3 solution. The fabricated structures after each process steps are shown in figure 1. It is well-known that the hierarchical micro- and nanostructures have efficient light harvesting properties [2-3]. Therefore, this fabrication technique for production of sea urchin-like structures is applicable to improve the performance of light harvesting devices.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1970

In recent years with development of immuno-electrophoresis, more acurate analysis of the serum protein became possible. However, there is few reports in the literature which investigated the changes of the immunoglobulin compared with electrophoretically fractioned serum thyroglobulin in the patients with various thyroid diseases. The purpose of this report is to investigate the changes of thyroglobulin in various thyroid diseases by the method of immuno-electrophoresis and to compare the results with.serum protein fractionated by the method of agar-gel micro-electrophoresis. Materials and Methods: Sera from 9 patients with diffuse toxic goiter, 2 nodular nontoxic goiter, 2 thyroiditis, 3 hypothy, roidism, 1 thyroid cancer, 7 cystic degeneration of the thyroid gland, and 10 normal subject were taken. All cases were confirmed by various laboratory thyroid function tests and thyroid needle biopsy. Immuno-electrophoretic analysis of the serum were performed by Scheidegger's modified micro-immuno-electrophoretic method. The antiserum was obtained from the Travenol Laboratories International, Hyland Products Division and was rabbit anti-human thyroglobulin. Microscope slide agar-gel electrophoresis for serum protein fractionation was performed at $4^{\circ}C$ using veronal buffer, pH 8.6 and ionic strength 0.05, with 54 volts and 2.8 mA for 60 minutes. The fractionated slide was stained with 0.1% thiazine red. The results were as follows: 1) Increase of immune-globulin macroglobulin (IgM), alphaglobulin, and immune-globulin A (IgA) by 95.8%, 100%, 29.2% respectively was found in the serum from various thyroid diseases. 2) Thyroglobulin fraction was found to be increased in 50%, no change in 41.7%, and no line in 8.3% with all of the various goiter patients. On the other hand, 10 normal control group showed only 2 cases of increase, 5 cases of no change and 3 cases of no line.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.351-359
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• 2003

Statement of problem: Regardless of any restoration, most of case, we used in screw connection between abutment and implant. For this reason, implant screw loosening has been remained problem in restorative practices. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare surface of coated/plated screw with titanium and gold alloy screw and to evaluate physical property of coated/plated material after scratch test in FESEM investigation Material and methods: GoldTite, titanium screw provided by 3i (Implant Innovation, USA) and TorqTite, titanium screw by Steri-Oss (Nobel Biocare, USA) and gold screw, titanium screw by AVANA (Osstem Implant, korea) - were selected for this study. Each abutment screw surface was observed at 100 times, and then screw crest, root, and slope were done more detailed numerical value, at 1000 times with FESEM. A micro-diamond needle was also prepared for the scratch test. Each abutment screw was fixed, micro-diamond scratch the surface of head region was made at constant load and then was observed central region and periphery of fine trace through 1000 times with FESEM. Results: The surface of GoldTite was smoother than that of other kinds of screw and had abundant ductility and malleability compared with titanium and gold screw. The scratch test also showed that teflon particles were exfoliated easily in screw coated with teflon. Titanium screw had a rough surface and low ductility. Conclusion: It was recommended that the clinical use of gold-plated screw would prevent a screw from loosening. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinical use of gold-plated screw would prevent a screw from loosening because it had abundant ductility and malleability compared with titanium and gold screw.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.480-485
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• 1997

The absorption profile of phenytoin Na emulsion were examined compared to that of phenytoin suspension after oral administration in the rat. The corn oil-in-water emulsion, particle size of $184{\pm}$57.8 nm, was prepared using a microfludizer, and phenytoin Na added by shaft homogenizer. The phenytoin emulsion or suspension, 100 mg/kg, were intubated intragastrically using oral dosing needle and blood samples were withdrawn via an indwelling cannula from the conscious rat. Plasma concentrations of phenytoin were measured with HPLC using phenacetin as an internal standard. The plasma concentration versus time data were fitted to a one compartment open model and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the computer program, Boomer. The phenytoin plasma concentrations from the emulsion at each observed time were about 1.5-2 times higher than those from the suspension, significantly at time of 5, 6 and 7 hr after administration. The absorption $(k_a)$ and elimination rate constant $(k_e)$ were not altered significantly, however the AUC increased from 65.6 to $106.7{\mu}ghr/ml$ after phenytoin suspension or emulsion oral administration, respectively. From an equilibrium dialysis study, the diffusion rate constant $(k_{IE})$ was considerably higher from the phenytoin Na emulsion $(0.0439 hr{-1})$ than phenytoin suspension $(0.0014 hr{-1})$.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1022-1027
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• 2005

An experimental study is conducted to investigate the characteristics of the ion wind generated by the electric field between a needle electrode and the parallel plate electrodes. The ion wind enhances heat and mass transfer between the surface and the surrounding gas. Moreover such enhancement makes no noise or vibration. This study is conducted to develop the electronic cooling device. The measured gas velocities and heat transfer coefficients are proportional to the applied voltage. The heat transfer coefficient can be increased as compared with a natural convection. The maximum enhancement of heat transfer obtained in this system is $47\%$ for 3 W in heat transfer rate.