• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.34-35
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• 2006

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2009

Xenotransplantation of pig organs into humans is a potential solution for the shortage of donor organs for transplantation. However, multiple immune barriers preclude its clinical application. In particular, the initial type of rejection in xenotransplantation is an acute cellular rejection by host $CD8^+$ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells that react to donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein Unique Short (US) 2 specifically targets MHC class I heavy chains to relocate them from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to the cytosol, where they are degraded by the proteasome. In this study we transfected the US2 gene into minipig fetal fibroblasts and established four US2 clonal cell lines. The integration of US2 into transgenic fetal cells was confirmed using PCR and Southern blot assay. The reduction of Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA)-I by US2 was also detected using Flow cytometry assay (FACS). The FACS analysis of the US2 clonal cell lines demonstrated a substantial reduction in SLA-I surface expression. The level (44% to 76%) of SLA-I expression in US2 clonal cell lines was decreased relative to the control. In cytotoxicity assay the rate of $CD8^+$ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly reduced to 23.8${\pm}$15.1% compared to the control (59.8${\pm}$8.4%, p<0.05). In conclusion, US2 can directly protect against $CD8^+$-mediated cell lysis. These results indicate that the expression of US2 in pig cells may provide a new approach to overcome the CTL-mediated immune rejection in xenotransplantation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2009

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.871-877
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to identify the CPU temperatures on traffic processing between two servers system. To test this model, this research applies multi-generator and resource reservation protocol that produce various types of traffics. The empirical results indicate that $56^{\circ}C\mp9^{\circ}C$ of CPU temperature is suitable when 250-300 traffics with 10-15kb per a packet are supplied. And also, no jitter delay time is showed in these cases.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.445-450
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• 2008

The effects of fermented goat milk supplemented with citrus concentrate on blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats were examined. Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats (type II) were divided into five experimental groups treated with metformin, goat milk, fermented goat milk, fermented goat milk containing citrus concentrate, or no supplementation (control). The rats in each group were examined weekly for blood levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride. HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol. and body weight. On the $24^{th}$ day of the experiment, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out. Administration of fermented goat milk to the diabetic rats significantly decreased blood glucose and triglyceride levels, while administration of metformin (33.3 mg/kg body weight) did not significantly lower blood glucose levels. Fermented goat milk containing citrus concentrate caused a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in the OGTT at 30 min. This study shows that supplementation with fermented goat milk containing citrus concentrate may be a practical method of reducing blood glucose levels in type II diabetics.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.188-188
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• 2004

근래에 많은 형질전환 실험동물이 생산되어 인간을 대체하여 전임상실험에 사용되고 있으며, 그 요구는 점차 증가되고 있다. 그러나 지금까지 생산된 것은 소형 실험동물에 국한되고 있어, 사람과의 그 크기와 기능에 거리가 있었던 것이 사실이다. 본 실험은 중형 실험동물이자 사람과 여러 기관 및 조직이 유사하다고 알려진 돼지로부터 난자를 채취하여 난자의 핵을 GFP가 발현된 세포의 핵으로 치환하여 태어난 산자를 재복제하여 생산된 돼지 신생자를 이용하여 각 기관 및 조직에서 GFP의 발현을 RT-PCR, Northern blot 및 immunocytochemistry 방법으로 분석하였다. (중략)

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.345-350
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• 2007

This study was carried out to establish the optimal preparation conditions of yoghurt made from goat milk with reduced goaty flavor by adding citrus concentrate and flavor. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of citrus concentrate ratio (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5%), citrus flavor ratio (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05%) and fructose ratio (3, 4, 5, 6, 7%). The physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of the sixteen yoghurt samples were compared. The addition of citrus concentrate had a significant (p<0.01) effect on the pH, $a^*,\;and\;b^*$ values. Regarding organoleptic properties, the addition of citrus concentrate had a significant (p<0.01) effect on color, and fructose had an effect on overall palatability. The maximum value of organoleptic goaty flavor was 2.35, more than double the minimum value. The optimum conditions predicted for minimizing goaty flavor of the yoghurt were 1.44% citrus concentrate, 0.0357% citrus flavor, and 6.91% fructose.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.218-221
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• 2008

The aim of this work was to establish the standard for goat milk somatic cell counts. The data were obtained from MGEN, which were collected from Dec. 2006 to Nov. 2007. A total of three hundred and forty somatic cell counts from 12 goat milk farms were analyzed. A goat milk grading system by somatic cell count is proposed; less than 1,000,000/mL, 1,000,000-1,500,000/mL, 1,500,000-2,000,000/mL, 2,000,000/mL-2,500,000/mL, and over 2,500,000/mL. Under the grading system, the ratio of first grade goat milk would be 26.2%, and that of the fifth grade would be 11.8%. The first grade ratio is low and the fifth grade ratio is high compared to the cow milk grading system. It is expected that somatic cell counts of domestic goat milk will be improved by the proposed grading system.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2008

The aim of this work was to assess the Delvo test for the detection of antimicrobial residues in goat milk. A total of fifty six samples (eight farms, seven samplings each) were analyzed by the Delvo, Eclipse 100, and Parallux tests. None of the samples showed positive results with the Parallux test which is based on immune-chemical methods. However, 37.5% of samples showed positive results with the Delvo test. 3.6% of samples showed positive results with the Eclipse 100 test, which is based on a microbiological method. The Delvo test is included in the 'standard methods for the examination of raw milk' by the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service as a microbiological method used for the detection of antimicrobial residues. Because "raw milk" is defined as 'milked state of cow, ewe and goat milk for sale or for processing' in the Animal Food Products Processing Law, the Delvo test should be excluded from the 'standard method for the examination of raw milk', or additional official documents referring to the Delvo test as not appropriate for the detection of antimicrobial residues of goat milk are required.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

Two piglets and one juvenile pig were used to investigate closely what types of cells express green fluorescent protein (GFP) and if any, whether the GFP-tagged cells could be used for stem cell transplantation research as a middle-sized animal model in bone marrow cells of recloned GFP pigs. Bone marrow cells were recovered from the tibia, and further analyzed with various cell lineage markers to determine which cell lineage is concurrently expressing visible GFP in each individual animal. In the three animals, visible GFP were observed only in proportions of the plated cells immediately after collection, showing 41, 2 and 91% of bone marrow cells in clones #1, 2 and 3, respectively. The intensity of the visible GFP expression was variable even in an individual clone depending on cell sizes and types. The overall intensities of GFP expression were also different among the individual clones from very weak, weak to strong. Upon culture for 14 days in vitro (14DIV), some cell types showed intensive GFP expression throughout the cells; in particular, in cytoskeletons and the nucleus, on the other hand. Others are shown to be diffused GFP expression patterns only in the cytoplasm. Finally, characterization of stem cell lineage markers was carried out only in the clone #3 who showed intensive GFP expression. SSEA-1, SSEA-3, CD34, nestin and GFAP were expressed in proportions of the GFP expressing cells, but not all of them, suggesting that GFP expression occur in various cell lineages. These results indicate that targeted insertion of GFP gene should be pursued as in mouse approach to be useful for stem cell research. Furthermore, cell- or tissue-specific promoter should also be used if GFP pig is going to be meaningful for a model for stem cell transplantation.