• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.469-477
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• 2006

When denitrification was connected with a single stream process by using biofilter and sulfur-limestone, it was found that such connection enabled highly efficient nitrification without special unit operation of microorganisms or injection of external carbon sources which is being shown in general biological treatment processes. It was observed that in the trickling filter bed, decomposition of organic substances and highly efficient nitrification by both the forced pressure feed trickling and the air fan were simultaneously done. In the denitrification tank where sulfur-limestone was mixed at a certain ratio, limestone was used by autotrophic microorganisms as a source of supply for alkalinity, and nitrate $NO_{3}^{-}$-N was denitrified into nitrogen gas. And in the sulfur-limestone autotrophic denitrification, $NO_{3}^{-}-N\;or\;NO_{2}^{-}-N$ was denitrified as a sulfur compound in reduction state was oxidized into a final output of $SO_{4}^{-2}$. The mean concentration of the discharge water was 8.6 mg/l for T-N and 0.8 mg/l for T-P, respectively, and their mean treatment efficiency was 79.2% and 80.8%, respectively. Implementing highly efficient denitrification without injection of an external organic carbon source or internal return, it is concluded that the proposed process is suitable for a sewerage in a small village with the merits of low power consumption and easy maintenance.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2017

Sulfites are used as food preservatives and excessive sulfite might disturb the body systems including the brain. Curcumin shows protective effects on the nervous system toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective role of curcumin in sulfite-induced anxiety in rats. Male rats were divided into five groups. The rats in groups I to V received distilled water (vehicle of sulfite, 1 mL/d), olive oil (vehicle of curcumin, 1 mL/d), curcumin (100 mg/kg/d), sulfite (25 mg/kg/d), and sulfite+curcumin, respectively, by daily gastric gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks the rats were tested in the elevated plus-maze for anxiety. The results showed that concomitant treatment of curcumin during sulfite consumption prevented the reduction of the time spent in the open arm and entrance to the open arm (the indexes of anxiety). Besides, an increase was found in motor activity of the rats in the sulfite+curcumin group compared to the sulfite-treated animals. Exposure of sulfite in rats can induce anxiety, and curcumin can act as an anti-anxiety agent.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.264-276
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• 1996

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Samhwasan on the Na-K-ATPase activity of heart muscle. The Na-K-ATPase activity was prepared from rabbit heart ventricles. Samhwasan markedly inhibited the Na- K - ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner with an estimated $I_{50}$ of 0.56%. Hill coefficient was 1.70, indicating that the enzyme has more than one binding site for the Samhwasan. Inhibition of enzyme activity by Samhwasan increased as pretreatment time was prolonged. Inhibition by the drug was not affected by a change in enzyme protein concentration. Kinetic studies of substrate activation of the enzyme indicated classical noncompetitive inhibition, showing significant reduction in Vmax without a change in Km value. Inhibitory effect by Samhwasan was not altered by changes in concentration of $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$ or $K^+$, dithiothreitol. a sulfhydryl reducing reagent, did not protect the inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity by Samhwasan combination of Samhwasan and ouabain showed a cumulative inhibition fashion. These results suggest that Samhwasan inhibits Na-K-ATPase activity of heart ventricles with an unique binding site different from that of ATP, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$ or $K^+$ and ouabain.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of muffins with added ultrafiltered (UF) sunmul powder. Muffins were prepared with four different levels of UF powder (0%, 3%, 5% and 7%) and the physicochemical properties were examined. The volume and specific volume were lower in muffins prepared with UF powder than the control. The incorporation of UF powder in muffin lowered the lightness values but increased the redness values. Rheology testing showed that hardness increased with increasing UF powder and gumminess and brittleness were the highest in the control group and decreased with increasing UF powder. Initial isoflavone content was 2.39$\sim$5.57 mg%, and decreased to 1.81$\sim$4.09 mg% after baking, resulting in 24$\sim$37% reduction in muffin formulations. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the size of the air cells increased with increasing UF powder levels. In sensory evaluation, overall acceptability score was the highest in muffins with 3% added UF powder and no significant difference was observed between control and 7% addition. Therefore, muffins prepared with up to 7% addition of UF powder would be at least as acceptable as control muffins.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2009

Gymnosporia rothiana (walp) Lawson (celastraceae), commonly known as Maytenus rothiana, is used in Indian folk medicine as an antiulcerogenic agent. However, there have been no scientific reports regarding its antiulcer activity. Therefore, this study was intended to evaluate the antiulcer property of petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanolic extract of leaves of Gymnosporia rothiana at different dose levels in ethanol induced and indomethacin induced gastric ulcer models. It was observed that oral administration of all the extract of Gymnosporia rothiana produces significant reduction in ulcer lesion index as well as increase in volume and pH of gastric content in both experimental models, being petroleum ether extract the most effective at dose of 250 mg/kg; it significantly reduced gastric lesion index (70.06%), in comparison to omeprazole (71.20%) and methanolic extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg (67.22%). Increased gastric mucosal defense mechanism by petroleum ether extract is probably due to its high levels of terpenoids like $\beta$ amyrin, lupeol acetate. The present results clearly shows antiulcer effect of Gymnosporia rothiana against various irritants has been mainly due to cytoprotective effect mediated through prostaglandin and partly due to free radical scavenging activity.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1998

The effect of oxygen tension on embryonic development in co-culture was evaluated from the standpoint of the reduction of dissolved oxygen concentration by the oxygen consumption of feeder cells. Three co-culture systems using bovine oviductal epitherial cells (BOEC), African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells) or buffalo rat liver cells (BRLC) have been compared in terms of development of bovine embryos derived from oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro. Among the co-cultured embryo, Vero cells su, pp.rted the highest developmental rate (29%) and the other two showed the similar rates. When the co-cultures were incubated in three different oxygen tension such as 5, 10, 20% oxygen atmosphere, embryos co-cultured with Vero cells at 10%-O2 resulted in the highest percentage of development. From the measurement of oxygen consumption of feeder cells, BRLC consumed 1.38　10-10 mg-O2/min/cell which was higher than 0.94　10-10 and 0.26　10-10mg-O2/min/cell for Vero cells and BOEC, respectively. Based on the oxygen consumption data, the phenomena of optimum oxygen tension required in embryo development in vitro has been analyzed, and we suggested that gas phase oxygen concentration, oxygen consumption rate of feeder cells and the number of feeder cells should be considered for the design of optimal co-culture system for effective fertilization of embryos in vitro.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제21권E2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2005

A novel hybrid system composed of a biotrickling filter and an activated sludge reactor was investigated under the conditions of four different SRTs (sludge retention times). The performance of the hybrid reactor was found to be directly comparable among the four different sludge ages. Discernible differences in the removal performance were observed among four different SRTs of 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. High removal efficiency was achieved by continuous circulation of activated sludge over the immobilized mixture culture, which allowed on pH control, addition of nutrients, and removal of paint VOCs (volatile organic compounds). The results also showed that the removal efficiency for a given pollutant depends on the activity of microorganisms based on the SRT. As the SRT increased gradually from 2 to 8 days, the average removal performance decreased. The highest removal rate was achieved at the SRT of 2 days at which the highest OUR (oxygen uptake rate), $6.1mg-O_2/liter-min$ was measured. Biological activity in the recycle microbes decreased to a much lower level, $3.6mg-O_2/liter-min$ at a SRT of 8 days. It is thus believed that young microorganisms were more active and more efficient for the VOCs removal of low concentrations and high flow rates. The apparent correlation of $R^2=0.996$ between the average removal efficiency and the average OUR at each SRTs suggests that VOCs degradation by young cells significantly affected the overall removal efficiency for the tested SRTs.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2007

Our research objective was to examine the in vitro biological activity of deer antler(Nogyong in Korean) extract, including the antioxidative, nitrite scavenging, and tyrosinase inhibitory effects, as well as the antithrombotic, and angiotensin I converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activities. The carbohydrate, protein, fat, and mineral contents of the deer antler were 7.6%, 65.3%, 3.2% and 23.9%, respectively. The electron donating ability(EDA) by the reduction of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) was 67.1%, and the inhibition rate of lipid peroxidation by the thiocyanate method using linoleic acid was 92.1% in 100 mg/ml of extract. The nitrite scavenging effects were pH dependent, and were highest at pH 1.2 and lowest at pH 6.0. The sample inhibition rate against tyrosinase was above 64.0%. The platelet aggregation induced by ADP(adenosine-5'diphosphate) was inhibited up to 51.7%, and the inhibitory effect was dependent on the sample concentration. Lastly, the inhibition rate of ACE was 47.5% in 100 mg/ml of deer antler extract.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2015

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of adding aronia powder on the antioxidant activities and physicochemical properties of pork patties. The patties were prepared by adding 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of aronia powder. Water and ethanol were used to extract the antioxidant compounds from aronia. Total phenolic compounds of the water and ethanol extract of aronia were 164.55 mg/g and 221.08 mg/g, respectively. The total phenol contents and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of patties were significantly increased with the increasing amount of aronia powder. Moisture content in control group was 60.61%, and it was significantly different from the aronia powder groups. The cooking loss rate and reduction ratio significantly decreased with the increasing amount of aronia powder. The hardness, chewiness, and gumminess of the control group were lower than those of the treatment group. In the sensory evaluation, the addition of 1% aronia received the best score in appearance, color, and overall preference. We suggest that aronia powder may be a useful ingredient in pork patties to improve the quality characteristics and antioxidant potential.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.895-904
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• 2006

The improved MLE (modified Ludzack-Ettinger) process was operated for piggery waste treatment in full-scale public livestock waste treatment plant. The treated waste from bioreactor was suitable for the strict effluent standard of 200 mgCOD/L and 60 mgTN/L as it was dewatered chemically without settling tank and passed through filtration process. Though this treatment method produced a great deal of sludge ($6.4m^3\;per\;m^3$ dewatered piggery waste) it was able to accomplish predominant effluent quality by removing non-biodegradable COD and color without advanced oxidation process as ozone, fenton and etc.. The nitrogen removal efficiency of bioreactor was rapidly declined from March to May (from 0.016 to 0.005 kgN/kgVSS-day) when disinfection is in earnest as well as from warm season when reactor temperature rises higher than $35^{\circ}C$(from 0.016 to 0.008 kgN/kgVSS-day). This study proves that counterplanes for infection residuals, bioreactor temperature and dewatering sludge reduction are necessary for piggery waste treatment.