• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-159
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• 1995

Positive ion mass spectra of some corticosteroids were obtained by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS). The base peak of each compound showed the protonated molecular ion [$MH^+$], ammonium adduct ion [${MNH_4}^+$] or [$MH^+-60$] ion according to its chemical structure and other characteristic mass ions were [$MH^+-18$], [${MNH_4}^+-18$] and so on. Several rat urinary metabolites of methylprednisolone acetate after the oral administration were detected by the thermospray LC-MS. The identified major metabolites were 20-hydroxymethylprednisolone(20-HMP), methylprednisolone(MP) and methylprednisone(11-KMP), which were supposed to be formed by deacetylation at the position of C-21, reduction at C-20, oxidation at C-11, or due to the bond cleavage between C-17 and C-20.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 1998

We treated 19 cases of unicameral bone cysts with methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) from January 1988 to December 1995. We evaluated the effect of MPA injections through simple follow-up radiographs according to Oppenheim's, classification and retrospectively reviewed the sites of cyst, age of the patients at diagnosis, the incidence of pathologic fracture, cystic nature, and cystic proximiy to the growth plate, We then analyzed the relationship between these variables with the results of MPA injections. According to Oppenheim's classification, the results with the use of MPA injections were as follows: healed in six cases, improved in seven cases, incomplete obliteration in five cases and recurred in one case, If healed and improved were considered satisfactory results, then 13 cases(68.4%) were satisfactory at the last follow-up. Sites of cyst, age of the patients at diagnosis, incidence of pathologic fracture, cystic nature and cystic proximiy to the growth plate appeared not to influence the results of MPA injections statistically. On these data, we thought that the treatment of unicameral bone cysts with MPA injection was the most effective first choice of treatment before operative options such as curettage and bone graft.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.395.2-395.2
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• 2002

The determination method for 11 corticosteroids (betamethasone, cortisol. cortisone, cortisone acetate. dexamethasone. cortisol acetate, isoflupredone acetate, methylprednisolone. prednisone, prednisolone, and triamcinolone acetonide) in a herbal medicinal preparation (Sibjeondaibotang) by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method with selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode is described. Samples (4 mL) were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether. (omitted)

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of steroid injection for treatment of simple bone cyst in adults. Materials and Methods: 11 patients who were able to be followed up from February 1998 to February 2003. These lesions were attained by needle aspiration or trepanation and 80 mg to 200 mg of Depo-medrol (methylprednisolone acetate, Shin Poong Pharm. Co., Korea) was injected. The follow-up roentgenograms were done every 2 weeks, and if there were no evidence of recovery, re-injection was done 8 weeks later. Injection has done maximally 5 times, and we evaluated the result with modified Neer, Pentimalli, Scaglietti and Sandra classification. Results: There were no cases in which one Injection was enough for full recovery, and 3 cases after 2 injections, 3 cases after 3 injections, 2 case after 5 injections had good result. but 2 cases after more than 5 injections did not show improvements and are currently under observation. One case showed a increase in size of the bone cyst after 2 injections of steroid and underwent curettage and autogenous bone graft. Overall outcomes by Pentimalli classification were good in One case, fair in 7 cases and poor in 3 cases at final follow-up. Conclusion: Local injection of steroids is effective method in adults and can be considered as a first line treatment modality.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2001

The activity of taurine transporter is affected by various extracellular stimuli such as ion, hormone and stress. To assess effects of steroid hormones antral cyclosporin A (CsA) on the taurine transporter activity, murine monocytic RAW264.7 cell line was stimulated with dexamethasone (DM), triamcinolone (TA), cortisone (CS), hydrocortisone (HCS), prednisone (PSN), prednisolone (PSL) and methylprednisolone (MPSL) in the presence of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate(TPA). Treatment of TPA on the cell line led to significant reduction of taurine transporter activity. However, in case of stimulation of the cells with steroid hormones in the presence of TPA, all of them recovered TPA-induced reduction of the taurine transporter activity. Treatment of the cells with CsA led to significant reduction of the taurine transporter activity. Ionomycin (IM) recovered the reduced taurine transporter activity by CsA, but failed in the presence of EDTA, a calcium chelating agent. These results showed that glucocorticoid hormone recovered TPA-induced reduction of taurine transporter activity and that IM recovered CsA-induced reduction of the transporter activity by increasing intracellular free $Ca^{++}$ concentration.n.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 1991

Low back pain and/or lumbosacral radiculopathy have become one of the most common pain problems in our pain clinic center. There are several kinds of conservative management for low back pain and/or lumbosacral radiculopathy. We as pain clinicans, focused on epidural administration of local anesthetics and steroids. The rationale for epidural steroid administration is to reduce inflammation and to inhibit the action of nociceptive agents. Eighty mg of methylprednisolone acetate in 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was infected, into epidural space 3 times at one week intervals for 1 year, to 921 patients(male: 422, female: 499) seen in the period between March 1986 and December 1989. The effectiveness was evaluated a month after the final injection. The results were as follows: Excellent pain relieved group 122 patients(13.25%) Good pain relieved group: 485 patients(52.66%) Fair pain relieved group: 184 patients(19.98%) No effect group: 130 patients(14.11%) We recommend the epidural steroid inject to the patients following failure of conservative management of discogenic pain.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.303-308
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• 2011

This study investigated whether elevated host immune capacity can inhibit T. gondii infection. For this purpose, we used silk protein extracted from Bombyx mori cocoons as a natural supplement to augment immune capacity. After silk protein administration to BALB/c mice for 6 weeks, ratios of T lymphocytes ($CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T-cells) and splenocyte proliferative capacities in response to Con A or T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA) were increased. Of various cytokines, which regulate immune systems, Th1 cytokines, such as IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-2, and IL-12, were obviously increased in splenocyte primary cell cultures. Furthermore, the survival of T. gondii (RH strain)-infected mice increased from 2 days to 5 or more days. In a state of immunosuppression induced by methylprednisolone acetate, silk protein-administered mice were resistant to reduction in T-lymphocyte ($CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T-cells) numbers and the splenocyte proliferative capacity induced by Con A or TLA with a statistical significance. Taken together, our results suggest that silk protein augments immune capacity in mice and the increased cellular immunity by silk protein administration increases host protection against acute T. gondii infection.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2022

Background: To compare ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the genicular nerve with the genicular nerve block using local anesthetic and steroid for management of osteoarthritis (OA) knee pain. Methods: Thirty patients with OA knee were randomly allocated to receive either ultrasound-guided PRF of the genicular nerve (PRF group) or nerve block with bupivacaine and methylprednisolone acetate (local anesthetic steroid [LAS] group). Verbal numeric rating scale (VNRS) and Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were measured at pre-procedure and 1-, 4-, and 12-weeks post-procedure. Results: VNRS scores decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in both the groups at 12 weeks and other follow up times compared to baseline. Seventy-three percent of patients in the PRF group and 66% in the LAS group achieved effective pain relief (≥ 50% pain reduction) at 12 weeks (P > 0.999). There was also a statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement in WOMAC scores in both groups at all follow up times. However, there was no intergroup difference in VNRS (P = 0.893) and WOMAC scores (P = 0.983). No complications were reported. Conclusions: Both ultrasound-guided PRF of the genicular nerve and blocks of genicular nerve with local anesthetic and a steroid provided comparable pain relief without any complications. However, PRF of the genicular nerve is a procedure that takes much more time and equipment than the genicular nerve block.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 2022

Background: Several therapeutic methods have been proposed for frozen shoulder syndrome. These include suprascapular nerve block, a simple and cost-effective technique that eliminates the need for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Methods: This was a clinical trial that included patients with unilateral shoulder joint stiffness. Patients were divided into three groups: those treated with isolated physiotherapy for 12 weeks (PT group), those treated with a single dose intra-articular injection of corticosteroid together with physiotherapy (IACI group), and those treated with a suprascapular nerve block performed with a single indirect injection of 8-mL lidocaine HCL 1% and 2 mL (80 mg) methylprednisolone acetate together with physiotherapy (SSNB group). The variables assessed were age, sex, side of involvement, dominant limb, presence of diabetes, physical examination findings including erythema, swelling, and muscle wasting; palpation and movement findings; shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) score; and the visual analog scale (VAS) score pre-intervention and at 2-, 4-, 6-, and 12-week post-intervention. Results: Ninety-seven patients were included in this survey (34 cases in the PT group, 32 cases in the IACI group, and 31 cases in the SSNB group). Mean age was 48.55±11.06 years. Fifty-seven cases were female (58.8%) and 40 were male (41.2%). Sixty-eight patients had a history of diabetes (70.1%). VAS and SPADI scores and range of mototion degrees dramatically improved in all cases (p<0.001). Results were best in the SSNB group (p<0.001), and the IACI group showed better results than the PT group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Suprascapular nerve block is an effective therapy with long-term pain relief and increased mobility of the shoulder joint in patients with adhesive capsulitis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.32-34
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• 2007

A 3-year-old, 35kg, neutered male Borzoi was admitted with a history of intermittent weight-bearing left forelimb lameness. Physical examination revealed pain response on left bicipital tendon during palpation of the tendon and shoulder flexion and extension. Radiographic findings of the left shoulder joint included intertubercular grove osteophytes and periarticular changes. Arthrograms revealed a roughened and irregular appearance to the biceps tendon. Synovial fluid analysis is consistent with degenerated joint disease. It was diagnosed as biceps tenosynovitis on the basis of history, physical examination, radiography and arthrograms. The dog was treated with medical management. Medical treatment included an aseptic intra-articular injection of 40mg methylprednisolone acetate in the left shoulder and strict exercise restriction. Three weeks later, the dog responded well to glucocorticoid therapy.