• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2001

Chitosans were prepared from red crab chitin under various alkali treatment conditions(different alkali concentrations, reaction times and temperatures) and theirphysicochemical properties were investigated. The nitrogen content and deacetylation degree of red crab chitin were 6.15% and 22.17A%, respectively. By the IR spectra, red crab and reference chitin showed the sharp bands at 1650 $cm^{-1}$ / and 1550 $cm^{-1}$ /, which are characteristic of chitin. The nitrogen contents of prepared chitosans ranged from 6.19~7.48%. Thedeacetylation degree was increased from 63~76% and 48~78% with increasing reaction time and temperature, whereas viscosity was decreased. The nitrogen content and yield of red crab chitosan perpared from chitin with 50% NaOH, 1:25(w/v) for 3.0 hr at 120$cm^{-1}$ / were 7.26% and 85.0%, respectively. and viscosity, deacetylation degree and molecular weight, 67.0 mPa.s, 75.0% and 6.5$\times$10$^{5}$ Dalton, respectively. From the IR spectra, the amide absorption bands of red crab and reference chitosan became very weak, similarly. And at solid state $^{13}$ C-NMR spectra, C=O(carbonyl carbon) signals absent, whereas $CH_3$(methyl carbon) was residues. Chemical shift of $^{13}$ C-NMR spectra of red crab and reference chitosans were in good agreement with slight experimental deviation.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2003

Wood cell-wall modification with acetic anhydride, lumen filled with styren monomer and methyl methacrylate, and a combination of these two treatments were studied for their effectiveness for dimensional stability. Compared to those of untreated Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc and sole acetylated red pine, The combination of acetylation and impregnation with methy methacrylate greatly reduced water absorption, increased ASE to the best and gave better bending strength and compression strength.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.8-19
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• 1995

The Optimal condition for degradation of crystal violet and other triphenylmethane dyes by Citrobacter sp. SK-3 isolated from the activated sludge of dye manufacturing factory was investigated. The optimal culture medium for the degradation of triphenylmethane dye was composed of minimum inorganic salt medium supplemented with 0.5% galactose, 0.1% beef extract, with the initial pH of 8.0 to 9.0. Under this condition, Citrobacter sp. SK-3 degraded 200 ppm of crystal violet completely within 24 hours. Citrobactre sp. SK-3 also degraded efficiently malachite green, pararosaniline, brilliant green, methyl violet, basic fuchsin and methyl red. Analysis of the degradation products of crystal violet through this layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography indicated that the methyl groups bound to crystal violet backborn were gradually demethylated to pentamethyl-, tetramethyl- and trimethylpararosaniline.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 1989

The purplish-red pigment was formed on agar plate by superimposed streaking of Streptomyces propurpuratus ATCC 21630 and strain R-89, The strain No.89 was ascribable to the genus Bacillus and designated as Bacillus sp. R-89. Both strain did not produced such pigment when cultivated independently. For hyperpigment production, we selected the mutant S.P-6 from Streptomyces propurpuratus ATCC 21630 by MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) treatment. Maximum purplish-red pigment 1420 mg/$m\ell$ were produced, when the mutant of R-16 and Bacillus sp. R-89 were mixed cultured at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 72 hr.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.17-23
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• 2000

In this study, we prepared red organic light-emitting-diode(OLED) with a fluorescent dye(Sq)-doped and inserted between emission and cathode layer 1,3-bis(5-p-t-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzene (OXD7) or/and tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum ($Alq_3$) layers for increasing electroluminescent(EL) efficiency. This inserting effect has been observed and EL mechanism characteristics have been examined. The hole transfer layer is a N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis-(3-methyl phenyl)-1,1'-diphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD), and the host and guest materials of emission layer is $Alq_3$ and bis[1-methyl-3,3'-dimethyl-2-indorindiylmethyl] squaraine (Sq), respectively. For the inserting of $Alq_3$, emission efficiency increased. But we can not obtained highly pure red emission owing to the emission of inserting $Alq_3$ layer. The inserting of OXD7 makes hole block and accumulate. Because of increasing recombination probability of electron and hole, highly pure red color can be held. Simultaneously brightness characteristics and emission efficiency could improve.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.379-388
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• 2018

Background: Ginsenosides are the main ingredients of Korean Red Ginseng. They have extensively been studied for their beneficial value in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the multitarget effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) with various components are unclear. Methods: We investigated the multitarget activities of KRGE on neurological dysfunction and neurotoxicity in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. KRGE (37.5 mg/ kg/day, 75 mg/kg/day, or 150 mg/kg/day, per os (p.o.)) was given daily before or after MPTP intoxication. Results: Pretreatment with 150 mg/kg/day KRGE produced the greatest positive effect on motor dysfunction as assessed using rotarod, pole, and nesting tests, and on the survival rate. KRGE displayed a wide therapeutic time window. These effects were related to reductions in the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive dopaminergic neurons, apoptosis, microglial activation, and activation of inflammatory factors in the substantia nigra pars compacta and/or striatum after MPTP intoxication. In addition, pretreatment with KRGE activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathways and inhibited phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways, as well as blocked the alteration of blood-brain barrier integrity. Conclusion: These results suggest that KRGE may effectively reduce MPTP-induced neurotoxicity with a wide therapeutic time window through multitarget effects including antiapoptosis, antiinflammation, antioxidant, and maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity. KRGE has potential as a multitarget drug or functional food for safe preventive and therapeutic strategies for PD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.214-214
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.567-572
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• 2010

This study is to develop vinegar with germinated brown rice and red pepper (Capsicum annuum) for effective use of the rice and red pepper. The vinegar was prepared using the wine fermented from the germinated brown rice supplemented with 10~50% red pepper. Acetic acid fermentation was carried out with 6% (w/v) initial ethanol concentration, at $30^{\circ}C$. pH values decreased from 4.27~4.41 to 3.20~3.59 during acetic acid fermentation. The initial total acidity (0.29~0.41%) changed to 3.68~4.51% after fermentation. Hunter's a (redness) and b (yellowness) values also increased as the addition of red pepper increased to 30%. Major volatile compounds consisted of ethyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, ethanol and acetic acid. Capsaicin content (0.17~0.26 mg%) at the initial changed to 0.16~0.29 mg% at the final of the fermentation. Antioxidant activity decreased from 48.1~79.1% to 36.6~64.9% by the fermentation. The germinated brown rice vinegar added with red pepper had higher acceptance scores than that of the control without red pepper.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2004

Different adhesives(CF-clear, arabic gum, cethylmethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxy propyl cellulose, methyl cellulose) and particulate matters(bentonite, kaolin, calcium carbonate, peatmoss, talcum, vermiculite, zeolite, calcium hydroxide, plaster, calcium phosphate, vermiculite + calcium carbonate, vermiculite + kaolin, vermiculite + talcum) were evaluated by coating index method. According to the weight of single coated seeds, CF-clear and polyvinyl alcohol appeared to be the best coating adhesives for red clover and tall fescue seeds. Both vermiculite and vermiculite + talc(l : 1) for red clover, and vermiculite + talc(l : 1) for tall fescue appeared to be the best particulate matter(P < 0.01). Percent friability showed excellent results for the arabic gum, CF-clear, and polyvinyl alcohol when compared to others(p < 0.01). The coating index showed high with vermiculite and vermiculite + talc(l : 1) in coating red clover seed, and talc, vermiculite, and vermiculite + talc showed good coating index in coating tall fescue seed.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

In our continuing study on the antioxidant activity of Polysiphonia stricta, its crude extract was fractionated into n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water fractions according to solvent polarity. The solvent fractions were evaluated for their potential to inhibit lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HT 1080 cells. The n-BuOH fraction most strongly inhibited both lipid peroxidation and ROS production in HT 1080 cells. The n-BuOH fraction was further separated by repeated silica gel column chromatography and RP-HPLC to give methyl aconitates (2 and 3). The chemical structure of isolated compounds was determinated by NMR spectral analysis.